Research Article
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COVID-19 PANDEMİSİNDE ALGILANAN STRES VE ‘EVDEKAL’ UYGULAMASI BİTTİKTEN SONRA YAPILMAK İSTENEN İLK ETKİNLİKLER

Year 2022, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 1372 - 1385, 28.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.24315/tred.983179

Abstract

Araştırmanın amacı, COVID-19 pandemisinde uygulanan ‘evdekal’ (sokağa çıkma yasakları/kısıtlamaları) sürecinde çeşitli demografik değişkenlerin (yaş, cinsiyet, çalışma durumu, sağlık sektöründe çalışma, koronavirüse yakalanma, ekonomik durum, yaşama biçimi) ve olumlu-olumsuz duyguların algılanan stresi ne ölçüde yordadığını ve bireylerin ‘evdekal’ uygulamasının bitiminde yapmak istedikleri ilk etkinlikleri incelemektir. Araştırmaya, çoğunluğu kadın olan [N=452, %68.2; yaşları 18 ile 71 arasında değişen (ortanca yaş=27)] 663 yetişkin katılmıştır. Katılımcılar Algılanan Stres Ölçeği, Pozitif ve Negatif Duygu Ölçeği ve kişisel bilgi formunu çevrimiçi doldurmuşlardır. Ayrıca katılımcılara ‘evdekal’ uygulaması bittiğinde yapmak istedikleri ilk etkinliği belirlemek üzere açık uçlu bir soru yöneltilmiştir. Veri analizinde betimsel, Hiyerarşik Regresyon ve içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. Hiyerarşik regresyon analizinde birinci modelde yaş, cinsiyet, bir işte çalışmama ve koronavirüse yakalanma; ikinci modelde olumlu ve olumsuz duygular, algılanan stresi anlamlı şekilde yordamıştır. Gençler, kadınlar, bir işte çalışmayanlar ve koronavirüse yakalanmış kişilerin, daha yaşlı, erkek, bir işte çalışan ve koronavirüse yakalanmayan ya da yakalandığından şüphe duyanlara göre algıladıkları stres daha yüksektir. Olumlu duygular algılanan stresi negatif, olumsuz duygular pozitif yönde yordamaktadır. Model algılanan stresin % 44’ünü açıklamaktadır. Katılımcıların ‘evdekal’ uygulaması bittiğinde ilk olarak hangi etkinliği yapmak istediklerin, yaş gruplarına ve cinsiyete bakılmaksızın, sırasıyla en fazla arkadaşlarıyla/sevdikleriyle buluşmak, dışarda gezmek/dolaşmak, seyahat etmek/tatil yapmak ve doğa ile buluşmak olduğu görülmektedir.

Supporting Institution

University of Basel, University of Cyprus

Project Number

ΕΕΒΚ ΕΠ 2020.01.60

Thanks

COVID-IMPACT araştırmasına katkı sağlayan tüm araştırmacılara ve katılımcılara teşekkürler.

References

  • Banks, J. & Xu, X. (2020). The mental health effects of the first two months of lockdown and social distancing during the Covid-19 pandemic in the UK. IFS Working Papers, No. W20/16, Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS), London, http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/wp.ifs.2020.1620
  • Barber, S. J., & Kim, H. (2020). COVID-19 worries and behavior changes in older and younger men and women. The Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 76(2), e17–e23. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaa068
  • Bodecka, M., Nowakowska, I., Zajenkowska, A., Rajchert, J., Kaźmierczak, I., & Jelonkiewicz, I. (2021). Gender as a moderator between Present-Hedonistic time perspective and depressive symptoms or stress during COVID-19 lock-down. Personality and Individual Differences, 168, 110395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110395
  • Cao, W., Fang, Z., Hou, G., Han, M., Xu, X., Dong, J., & Zheng, J. (2020). The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Research, 287, 112934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). COVID-NET: A weekly summary of U.S. COVID-19 hospitalization data. https://gis.cdc.gov/grasp/COVIDNet/COVID19_3.html
  • Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, 385-396. https://doi.org/10.2307/2136404
  • Conway, A. M., Tugade, M. M., Catalino, L. I., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2013). The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions: Form, function and mechanisms (p. 17-34). The Oxford Handbook of Happiness, Oxford University Press.
  • Diamond, L. M., & Aspinwall, L. G. (2003). Emotion regulation across the life span: An integrative perspective emphasizing self-regulation, positive affect, and dyadic processes. Motivation and Emotion, 27(2), 125-156. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024521920068
  • Du, J., Dong, L., Wang, T., Yuan, C., Fu, R., Zhang, L., Liu, B., Zhang, M., Yin, Y., Qin, J., Bouey, J., Zhao, M., & Li, X. (2020). Psychological symptoms among frontline healthcare workers during COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan. General Hospital Psychiatry, 67, 144–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.03.011
  • Erikson, E. H. (1982). The life cycle completed: A review. New York, NY: W. W. Norton.
  • Eskin, M., Harlak, H., Demirkıran, F., & Dereboy, Ç. (2013). Algılanan Stres Ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: Güvenirlik ve geçerlik analizi. New/Yeni Symposium Journal, 51(3),132-140.
  • Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1980). An analysis of coping in a middle-aged community sample. Journal of Health & Social Behavior, 21(3), 219–239. https://doi.org/10.2307/2136617
  • Fraenkel, J.R. ve Wallen, N.E. (2006). How to desing and evaluate research in education. New York: McGaw-Hill International Edition.
  • Fredrickson, B. L., & Joiner, T. (2002). Positive emotions trigger upward spirals toward emotional well-being. Psychological Science, 13(2), 172–175. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00431
  • Garland, E. L., Gaylord, S. A., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2011). Positive reappraisal mediates the stress-reductive effects of mindfulness: An upward spiral process. Mindfulness, 2, 59–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-011-0043-8
  • Gençöz, T. (2000). Pozitif ve Negatif Duygu Ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 15(46), 19-26. Ghebreyesus, T. A. (2020). Addressing mental health needs: an integral part of COVID-19 response. World Psychiatry, 19(2):129‐30. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20768
  • Gloster, A. T., Lamnisos, D., Lubenko, J., Presti, G., Squatrito, V., Constantinou, M., Nicolaou, C., Papacostas, S., Aydın, G., Yu Chong, Y., Tong Chien, W., Yu Cheng, H., Ruiz, F., Garcia-Martin, M.B., Obando-Posada, D.P., Segura-Vargas, M.A., Vasiliou, V.S., McHugh, L., Höfer, S., Baban, A., … & Karekla, M. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health: An international study. PLOS ONE, 15(12), e0244809. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244809
  • Islam, S. D. U., Bodrud-Doza, M., Khan, R. M., Haque, M. A., & Mamun, M. A. (2020). Exploring COVID-19 stress and its factors in Bangladesh: A perception-based study. Heliyon, 6(7), e04399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04399
  • Kang, L., Ma, S., Chen, M., Yang, J., Wang, Y., Li, R., ... & Liu, Z. (2020). Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 87, 11-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.028
  • Klaiber, P., Wen, J. H., DeLongis, A., & Sin, N. L. (2021). The ups and downs of daily life during COVID-19: Age differences in affect, stress, and positive events. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 76(2), e30-e37. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaa096
  • Kowal, M., Coll‐Martín, T., Ikizer, G., Rasmussen, J., Eichel, K., Studzińska, A., ... & Ahmed, O. (2020). Who is the most stressed during the covid‐19 pandemic? Data from 26 countries and areas. Applied Psychology: Health and Well‐Being, 12(4), 946-966. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12234
  • Li, G., Miao, J., Wang, H., Xu, S., Sun, W., Fan, Y., ... & Wang, W. (2020). Psychological impact on women health workers involved in COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan: a cross-sectional study. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 91(8), 895-897. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2020-323134
  • Limcaoco, R. S. G., Mateos, E. M., Fernandez, J. M., & Roncero, C. (March, 2020). Anxiety, worry and perceived stress in the world due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Preliminary results. MedRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.03.20043992
  • Mazza, C., Ricci, E., Biondi, S., Colasanti, M., Ferracuti, S., Napoli, C., & Roma, P. (2020). A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Italian people during the COVID-19 pandemic: immediate psychological responses and associated factors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(9), 3165. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093165
  • Mo, Y., Deng, L., Zhang, L., Lang, Q., Liao, C., Wang, N., ... & Huang, H. (2020). Work stress among Chinese nurses to support Wuhan in fighting against COVID‐19 epidemic. Journal of Nursing Management, 28(5), 1002-1009. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13014
  • Polizzi, C., Lynn, S.J., ve Perry, A., (2020). Stress and Coping in the Time of COVID-19: Pathways to Resilience and Recovery, Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 17(2), 59-62. https://doi.org/10.36131/CN20200204
  • Qiu, J., Shen, B., Zhao, M., Wang, Z., Xie, B., & Xu, Y. (2020). A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: Implications and policy recommendations. General Psychiatry, 33(2). https://doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2020-100213
  • Vindegaard, N., & Benros, M. E. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic and mental health consequences: Systematic review of the current evidence. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 89, 531-542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.048
  • Wang, S., Xie, L., Xu, Y., Yu, S., Yao, B., & Xiang, D. (2020). Sleep disturbances among medical workers during the outbreak of COVID-2019. Occupational Medicine, 70(5), 364-369. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqaa074
  • Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063.
  • Watson, D., & Pennebaker, J. W. (1989). Health complaints, stress, and distress: exploring the central role of negative affectivity. Psychological Review, 96(2), 234. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.96.2.234
  • World Health Organization. (2020). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) advice for the public, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-at-higher-risk.html
  • Xiao, H., Zhang, Y., Kong, D., Li, S., & Yang, N. (2020). The effects of social support on sleep quality of medical staff treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in January and February 2020 in China. Medical Science Monitor: International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research, 26, e923549-1. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.923549
Year 2022, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 1372 - 1385, 28.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.24315/tred.983179

Abstract

Project Number

ΕΕΒΚ ΕΠ 2020.01.60

References

  • Banks, J. & Xu, X. (2020). The mental health effects of the first two months of lockdown and social distancing during the Covid-19 pandemic in the UK. IFS Working Papers, No. W20/16, Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS), London, http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/wp.ifs.2020.1620
  • Barber, S. J., & Kim, H. (2020). COVID-19 worries and behavior changes in older and younger men and women. The Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 76(2), e17–e23. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaa068
  • Bodecka, M., Nowakowska, I., Zajenkowska, A., Rajchert, J., Kaźmierczak, I., & Jelonkiewicz, I. (2021). Gender as a moderator between Present-Hedonistic time perspective and depressive symptoms or stress during COVID-19 lock-down. Personality and Individual Differences, 168, 110395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110395
  • Cao, W., Fang, Z., Hou, G., Han, M., Xu, X., Dong, J., & Zheng, J. (2020). The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Research, 287, 112934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). COVID-NET: A weekly summary of U.S. COVID-19 hospitalization data. https://gis.cdc.gov/grasp/COVIDNet/COVID19_3.html
  • Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, 385-396. https://doi.org/10.2307/2136404
  • Conway, A. M., Tugade, M. M., Catalino, L. I., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2013). The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions: Form, function and mechanisms (p. 17-34). The Oxford Handbook of Happiness, Oxford University Press.
  • Diamond, L. M., & Aspinwall, L. G. (2003). Emotion regulation across the life span: An integrative perspective emphasizing self-regulation, positive affect, and dyadic processes. Motivation and Emotion, 27(2), 125-156. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024521920068
  • Du, J., Dong, L., Wang, T., Yuan, C., Fu, R., Zhang, L., Liu, B., Zhang, M., Yin, Y., Qin, J., Bouey, J., Zhao, M., & Li, X. (2020). Psychological symptoms among frontline healthcare workers during COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan. General Hospital Psychiatry, 67, 144–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.03.011
  • Erikson, E. H. (1982). The life cycle completed: A review. New York, NY: W. W. Norton.
  • Eskin, M., Harlak, H., Demirkıran, F., & Dereboy, Ç. (2013). Algılanan Stres Ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: Güvenirlik ve geçerlik analizi. New/Yeni Symposium Journal, 51(3),132-140.
  • Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1980). An analysis of coping in a middle-aged community sample. Journal of Health & Social Behavior, 21(3), 219–239. https://doi.org/10.2307/2136617
  • Fraenkel, J.R. ve Wallen, N.E. (2006). How to desing and evaluate research in education. New York: McGaw-Hill International Edition.
  • Fredrickson, B. L., & Joiner, T. (2002). Positive emotions trigger upward spirals toward emotional well-being. Psychological Science, 13(2), 172–175. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00431
  • Garland, E. L., Gaylord, S. A., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2011). Positive reappraisal mediates the stress-reductive effects of mindfulness: An upward spiral process. Mindfulness, 2, 59–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-011-0043-8
  • Gençöz, T. (2000). Pozitif ve Negatif Duygu Ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 15(46), 19-26. Ghebreyesus, T. A. (2020). Addressing mental health needs: an integral part of COVID-19 response. World Psychiatry, 19(2):129‐30. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20768
  • Gloster, A. T., Lamnisos, D., Lubenko, J., Presti, G., Squatrito, V., Constantinou, M., Nicolaou, C., Papacostas, S., Aydın, G., Yu Chong, Y., Tong Chien, W., Yu Cheng, H., Ruiz, F., Garcia-Martin, M.B., Obando-Posada, D.P., Segura-Vargas, M.A., Vasiliou, V.S., McHugh, L., Höfer, S., Baban, A., … & Karekla, M. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health: An international study. PLOS ONE, 15(12), e0244809. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244809
  • Islam, S. D. U., Bodrud-Doza, M., Khan, R. M., Haque, M. A., & Mamun, M. A. (2020). Exploring COVID-19 stress and its factors in Bangladesh: A perception-based study. Heliyon, 6(7), e04399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04399
  • Kang, L., Ma, S., Chen, M., Yang, J., Wang, Y., Li, R., ... & Liu, Z. (2020). Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 87, 11-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.028
  • Klaiber, P., Wen, J. H., DeLongis, A., & Sin, N. L. (2021). The ups and downs of daily life during COVID-19: Age differences in affect, stress, and positive events. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 76(2), e30-e37. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaa096
  • Kowal, M., Coll‐Martín, T., Ikizer, G., Rasmussen, J., Eichel, K., Studzińska, A., ... & Ahmed, O. (2020). Who is the most stressed during the covid‐19 pandemic? Data from 26 countries and areas. Applied Psychology: Health and Well‐Being, 12(4), 946-966. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12234
  • Li, G., Miao, J., Wang, H., Xu, S., Sun, W., Fan, Y., ... & Wang, W. (2020). Psychological impact on women health workers involved in COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan: a cross-sectional study. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 91(8), 895-897. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2020-323134
  • Limcaoco, R. S. G., Mateos, E. M., Fernandez, J. M., & Roncero, C. (March, 2020). Anxiety, worry and perceived stress in the world due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Preliminary results. MedRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.03.20043992
  • Mazza, C., Ricci, E., Biondi, S., Colasanti, M., Ferracuti, S., Napoli, C., & Roma, P. (2020). A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Italian people during the COVID-19 pandemic: immediate psychological responses and associated factors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(9), 3165. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093165
  • Mo, Y., Deng, L., Zhang, L., Lang, Q., Liao, C., Wang, N., ... & Huang, H. (2020). Work stress among Chinese nurses to support Wuhan in fighting against COVID‐19 epidemic. Journal of Nursing Management, 28(5), 1002-1009. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13014
  • Polizzi, C., Lynn, S.J., ve Perry, A., (2020). Stress and Coping in the Time of COVID-19: Pathways to Resilience and Recovery, Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 17(2), 59-62. https://doi.org/10.36131/CN20200204
  • Qiu, J., Shen, B., Zhao, M., Wang, Z., Xie, B., & Xu, Y. (2020). A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: Implications and policy recommendations. General Psychiatry, 33(2). https://doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2020-100213
  • Vindegaard, N., & Benros, M. E. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic and mental health consequences: Systematic review of the current evidence. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 89, 531-542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.048
  • Wang, S., Xie, L., Xu, Y., Yu, S., Yao, B., & Xiang, D. (2020). Sleep disturbances among medical workers during the outbreak of COVID-2019. Occupational Medicine, 70(5), 364-369. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqaa074
  • Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063.
  • Watson, D., & Pennebaker, J. W. (1989). Health complaints, stress, and distress: exploring the central role of negative affectivity. Psychological Review, 96(2), 234. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.96.2.234
  • World Health Organization. (2020). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) advice for the public, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-at-higher-risk.html
  • Xiao, H., Zhang, Y., Kong, D., Li, S., & Yang, N. (2020). The effects of social support on sleep quality of medical staff treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in January and February 2020 in China. Medical Science Monitor: International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research, 26, e923549-1. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.923549
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Studies on Education
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Gökçen Aydın 0000-0003-0781-7817

Angelos P. Kassianos This is me 0000-0001-6428-2623

Maria Karekla This is me 0000-0001-7021-7908

Andrew T. Gloster This is me 0000-0002-3751-0878

Project Number ΕΕΒΚ ΕΠ 2020.01.60
Early Pub Date September 21, 2022
Publication Date September 28, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 12 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Aydın, G., Kassianos, A. P., Karekla, M., Gloster, A. T. (2022). COVID-19 PANDEMİSİNDE ALGILANAN STRES VE ‘EVDEKAL’ UYGULAMASI BİTTİKTEN SONRA YAPILMAK İSTENEN İLK ETKİNLİKLER. Trakya Eğitim Dergisi, 12(3), 1372-1385. https://doi.org/10.24315/tred.983179