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CHILD ABONDONMENT PRACTICES FROM THE MIDDLE AGES TO THE PRESENT DAY

Year 2022, Volume: 33 Issue: 4, 1209 - 1227, 30.10.2022
https://doi.org/10.33417/tsh.956979

Abstract

In the modern era, in order to properly understand and interpret the abandonment of children practices, the baby boxes in particular, that come to the forefront in the fight against abandonment of children, the background and the actors of these practices need to be known.
Initiated by the Church in the Middle Age to prevent the deaths and abandonment of children, the foundling wheels have continued until today with different names and have spread to many countries in the World. The safe haven laws and anonymous birth, which have the same fiction as baby boxes, allow people who hold legal responsibility for the child, especially mothers, to legally abandon their children and get rid of their parenting obligations.
The study aims to provide the reader with a perspective on the history of child protection by addressing the abandonment of children practices in the modern period within a historical context, acting with the claim of saving the lives of unwanted children.

References

  • Ayres, S. (2008). Kairos and safe havens: The timing and calamity of unwanted birth. Wm. & Mary J. Women & L., 15, 227.
  • Bartels, L. (2012). Safe haven laws, baby hatches and anonymous hospital birth: Examining infant abandonment, neonaticide and infanticide in Australia. Criminal Law Journal, 36, 19-37. 13.08.2020 tarihinde https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256041395 adresinden erişildi.
  • Bebek Kutusu Görseli (2020). 14.08.2020 tarihinde https://www.alexianer-potsdam.de/leistungen/babyklappe/beratungsstellen-in-potsdam adresinden erişildi.
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çocuk Hakları Komitesi (2014). Birleşmiş Milletler Çocuk Hakları Komitesinin Vatikan’ın İkinci Raporuna İlişkin Sonuç Gözlemleri. 22.07.2020 tarihinde https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/treatybodyexternal/TBSearch.aspx?Lang=en&TreatyID=5&TreatyID=10&TreatyID=11&DocTypeID=5 adresinden erişildi.
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çocuk Hakları Komitesi (2014). Birleşmiş Milletler Çocuk Hakları Komitesinin Almanya’nın Birleştirilmiş Üçüncü ve Dördüncü Ülke Raporuna İlişkin Sonuç Gözlemleri Raporu. 30.05.2020 tarihinde https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/treatybodyexternal/TBSearch.aspx?Lang=en&TreatyID=5&TreatyID=10&TreatyID=11&DocTypeID=5 adresinden erişildi.
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çocuk Hakları Komitesi (2016). Birleşmiş Milletler Çocuk Hakları Komitesinin Fransa’nın Beşinci Periyodik Raporuna İlişkin Sonuç Gözlemleri Raporu, 12.10.2020 tarihinde https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CRC%2fC%2fFRA%2fCO%2f5&Lang=en adresinden erişildi.
  • Browne, K., Chou, S., ve Whitfield, K. (2012). Child abandonment and its prevention in Europe. The University of Nottingham. Pobrane 10.10.2020 tarihinde https://www. crin. org/en/docs/MANUAL% 20OF% 20GOOD% 20PRACTICE. Pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • Burnstein, M. H. (1981). Child abandonment: Historical, sociological and psychological perspectives. Child psychiatry and human development, 11(4), 213-221.
  • Canan, İ. (1981). İslamda Çocuk Hakları. İstanbul. Gerçek Yayıncılık.
  • Chicago Üniversitesi (2019). The Child: An Encyclopedic Companion. Çocuk Terki ve Çocukların Öldürülmesi. 12.08.2020 tarihinde https://www.press.uchicago.edu/books/TheChild/Child_pages_1-10.pdf%20 adresinden erişildi. Coutinho, J., Krell, C., ve Bradna, M. (2011). Anonyme Geburt und Babyklappen in Deutschland Fallzahlen, Angebote, Kontexte. Dt. Jugendinst.
  • Delaunay, V. (2011). Improving knowledge on child abandonment and care in Africa: A demographic contribution to the achievement of child protection. African Population Studies, 25(1).
  • Donnelly, D. K. (2009). Nebraska's Youth Need Help-But Was a Safe Haven Law the Best Way. U. Miami L. Rev., 64, 771.
  • Ellonen, N., Kääriäinen, J., Lehti, M., ve Aaltonen, M. (2015). Comparing trends in infanticides in 28 countries, 1960–2009. Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention, 16(2), 175-193.
  • Engel, S. (1912). The Elements of Child-protection. Macmillan.
  • Feng, W., Gu, B., ve Cai, Y. (2016). The end of China's one‐child policy. Studies in family planning, 47(1), 83-86.
  • Fuchs, R. G. (2009). Magistrates and mothers, paternity and property in nineteenth-Century French courts. Crime, Histoire & Sociétés/Crime, History & Societies, 13(2), 13-26.
  • Güvenli Liman Yasaları (2018). 12.09.2020 tarihinde http://safehaven.tv/states/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Harrison, H. (2008). “A penny for the little Chinese”: the French Holy Childhood Association in China, 1843–1951. The American Historical Review, 113(1), 72-92.
  • Howden, D., ve Zhou, Y. (2014). Unintended Consequences of China´s One-Child Policy.
  • Jiang, Q., Li, S., Feldman, M. W., ve Sánchez-Barricarte, J. J. (2012). Estimates of missing women in twentieth century China. Continuity and change, 27(3).
  • Johnson, K., Banghan, H., ve Lıyao, V. (1998). Adoption in China. Population and Development Review, 24(3), 469-510.
  • Klier, C. M., Grylli, C., Amon, S., Fiala, C., Weizmann‐Henelius, G., Pruitt, S. L., ve Putkonen, H. (2013). Is the introduction of anonymous delivery associated with a reduction of high neonaticide rates in Austria? A retrospective study. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 120(4), 428-434.
  • Mignot, J. F. (2019). Child adoption in western europe, 1900–2015. In Cliometrics of the Family (pp. 333-366). Springer, Cham.
  • Mueller, J., ve Sherr, L. (2009). Abandoned babies and absent policies. Health Policy, 93(2-3), 157-164.
  • Overmyer, M. (2019). 16.02.2021 tarihinde https://religionunplugged.com/news/2019/5/29/what-the-pro-life-movement-looked-like-in-the-12th-13th-century adresinden erişildi.
  • Rosenberg, W. (2016). The illegality of baby safes as a hindrance to women who want to relinquish their parental rights. In Selected issues in modern jurisprudence (pp. 157-167). Athens Institute for Education and Research.
  • Ryznar, M. (2012). A Crime of Its Own: A Proposal for Achieving Greater Sentencing Consistency in Neonaticide and Infanticide Cases. USFL Rev., 47, 459.
  • Sanger, C. (2006). Infant safe haven laws: Legislating in the culture of life. Colum. L. Rev., 106, 753.
  • Serahsî, Ş. (2015). el-Mebsût 10.Cilt. Editor: Prof. Dr. Mustafa Cevat Akşit. İstanbul: Gümüşev Yayınları
  • Shang, X., ve Wu, X. (2003). The changing role of the state in child protection: the case of Nanchang. Social Service Review, 77(4), 523-540.
  • Stenzel, P. (2009). Safe Haven Laws and the Indian Child Welfare Act: Conflicting Laws and Policy Goals Leave Indian Children at Risk. Child. Legal Rts. J., 29, 1.
  • SterniPark (2012, April 8). 12 Jahre Babyklappe – über 270 neugeborene Leben gerettet. Pressrelease. 14.07.2020 tarihinde http://www.sternipark.de/fileadmin/content/PDF_Upload/PR/12-04-05_SterniPark_Presseerklaerung_12_Jahre_Babyklappe.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • Yale Üniversitesi (2019). Erişim Adresi: 07.12.2020 https://yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/out-wedlock-births-rise-worldwide adresinden erişildi.
  • Yaman, F. (2020). Çocuk terkinin karanlık yüzü tarihsel süreç ve modern dönemdeki uygulamalar. Konya: Çizgi Kitabevi
  • Yasal Kürtaj Oranları (2020). Avrupa İstatistik Ofisi, 24.07.2020 tarihinde http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?wai=true&dataset=demo_fabort adresinden erişildi.
  • Tiefenbrun, S., ve Edwardsm Christie, J. (2008). Gendercide and the cultural context of sex trafficking in China. Fordham Int'l LJ, 32, 731.
  • Zuhaylî, V. (1994). İslam Fıkıh Ansiklopedisi, 7.cilt. Feza Yayıncılık: İstanbul

Ortaçağ’dan Günümüze Çocuk Terki Uygulamaları

Year 2022, Volume: 33 Issue: 4, 1209 - 1227, 30.10.2022
https://doi.org/10.33417/tsh.956979

Abstract

Modern dönemde, çocuk terki ile mücadelede ön plana çıkan anonim çocuk terki uygulamalarını özellikle de bebek kutuları yöntemini doğru bir şekilde anlamak ve anlamlandırabilmek için bu uygulamaların ortaya çıktığı zeminin ve aktörlerinin bilinmesi gerekmektedir.
Kilise tarafından Ortaçağ’da çocuk terkinin ve ölümlerinin önlenmesi amacıyla başlatılan buluntu kutuları, farklı isimler altında günümüze kadar devam etmiş ve Dünyanın birçok ülkesine yayılmıştır. Bebek kutuları ile aynı kurguya sahip olan anonim doğum ve güvenli liman yasaları, anneler başta olmak üzere çocuğun yasal sorumluluğunu taşıyan kişilere hukuken çocuklarını terk etme ve ebeveynlik yükümlülüklerinden kurtulma imkânı tanımaktadır.
Bu çalışmanın amacı, istenmeyen çocukların hayatını kurtarma iddiasıyla hareket eden modern dönemdeki çocuk terki uygulamalarını tarihsel bağlamı içerisinde ele alarak okuyucuya çocuk korumanın tarihi konusunda bir bakış açısı sunmaktır.

References

  • Ayres, S. (2008). Kairos and safe havens: The timing and calamity of unwanted birth. Wm. & Mary J. Women & L., 15, 227.
  • Bartels, L. (2012). Safe haven laws, baby hatches and anonymous hospital birth: Examining infant abandonment, neonaticide and infanticide in Australia. Criminal Law Journal, 36, 19-37. 13.08.2020 tarihinde https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256041395 adresinden erişildi.
  • Bebek Kutusu Görseli (2020). 14.08.2020 tarihinde https://www.alexianer-potsdam.de/leistungen/babyklappe/beratungsstellen-in-potsdam adresinden erişildi.
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çocuk Hakları Komitesi (2014). Birleşmiş Milletler Çocuk Hakları Komitesinin Vatikan’ın İkinci Raporuna İlişkin Sonuç Gözlemleri. 22.07.2020 tarihinde https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/treatybodyexternal/TBSearch.aspx?Lang=en&TreatyID=5&TreatyID=10&TreatyID=11&DocTypeID=5 adresinden erişildi.
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çocuk Hakları Komitesi (2014). Birleşmiş Milletler Çocuk Hakları Komitesinin Almanya’nın Birleştirilmiş Üçüncü ve Dördüncü Ülke Raporuna İlişkin Sonuç Gözlemleri Raporu. 30.05.2020 tarihinde https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/treatybodyexternal/TBSearch.aspx?Lang=en&TreatyID=5&TreatyID=10&TreatyID=11&DocTypeID=5 adresinden erişildi.
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Çocuk Hakları Komitesi (2016). Birleşmiş Milletler Çocuk Hakları Komitesinin Fransa’nın Beşinci Periyodik Raporuna İlişkin Sonuç Gözlemleri Raporu, 12.10.2020 tarihinde https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CRC%2fC%2fFRA%2fCO%2f5&Lang=en adresinden erişildi.
  • Browne, K., Chou, S., ve Whitfield, K. (2012). Child abandonment and its prevention in Europe. The University of Nottingham. Pobrane 10.10.2020 tarihinde https://www. crin. org/en/docs/MANUAL% 20OF% 20GOOD% 20PRACTICE. Pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • Burnstein, M. H. (1981). Child abandonment: Historical, sociological and psychological perspectives. Child psychiatry and human development, 11(4), 213-221.
  • Canan, İ. (1981). İslamda Çocuk Hakları. İstanbul. Gerçek Yayıncılık.
  • Chicago Üniversitesi (2019). The Child: An Encyclopedic Companion. Çocuk Terki ve Çocukların Öldürülmesi. 12.08.2020 tarihinde https://www.press.uchicago.edu/books/TheChild/Child_pages_1-10.pdf%20 adresinden erişildi. Coutinho, J., Krell, C., ve Bradna, M. (2011). Anonyme Geburt und Babyklappen in Deutschland Fallzahlen, Angebote, Kontexte. Dt. Jugendinst.
  • Delaunay, V. (2011). Improving knowledge on child abandonment and care in Africa: A demographic contribution to the achievement of child protection. African Population Studies, 25(1).
  • Donnelly, D. K. (2009). Nebraska's Youth Need Help-But Was a Safe Haven Law the Best Way. U. Miami L. Rev., 64, 771.
  • Ellonen, N., Kääriäinen, J., Lehti, M., ve Aaltonen, M. (2015). Comparing trends in infanticides in 28 countries, 1960–2009. Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention, 16(2), 175-193.
  • Engel, S. (1912). The Elements of Child-protection. Macmillan.
  • Feng, W., Gu, B., ve Cai, Y. (2016). The end of China's one‐child policy. Studies in family planning, 47(1), 83-86.
  • Fuchs, R. G. (2009). Magistrates and mothers, paternity and property in nineteenth-Century French courts. Crime, Histoire & Sociétés/Crime, History & Societies, 13(2), 13-26.
  • Güvenli Liman Yasaları (2018). 12.09.2020 tarihinde http://safehaven.tv/states/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Harrison, H. (2008). “A penny for the little Chinese”: the French Holy Childhood Association in China, 1843–1951. The American Historical Review, 113(1), 72-92.
  • Howden, D., ve Zhou, Y. (2014). Unintended Consequences of China´s One-Child Policy.
  • Jiang, Q., Li, S., Feldman, M. W., ve Sánchez-Barricarte, J. J. (2012). Estimates of missing women in twentieth century China. Continuity and change, 27(3).
  • Johnson, K., Banghan, H., ve Lıyao, V. (1998). Adoption in China. Population and Development Review, 24(3), 469-510.
  • Klier, C. M., Grylli, C., Amon, S., Fiala, C., Weizmann‐Henelius, G., Pruitt, S. L., ve Putkonen, H. (2013). Is the introduction of anonymous delivery associated with a reduction of high neonaticide rates in Austria? A retrospective study. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 120(4), 428-434.
  • Mignot, J. F. (2019). Child adoption in western europe, 1900–2015. In Cliometrics of the Family (pp. 333-366). Springer, Cham.
  • Mueller, J., ve Sherr, L. (2009). Abandoned babies and absent policies. Health Policy, 93(2-3), 157-164.
  • Overmyer, M. (2019). 16.02.2021 tarihinde https://religionunplugged.com/news/2019/5/29/what-the-pro-life-movement-looked-like-in-the-12th-13th-century adresinden erişildi.
  • Rosenberg, W. (2016). The illegality of baby safes as a hindrance to women who want to relinquish their parental rights. In Selected issues in modern jurisprudence (pp. 157-167). Athens Institute for Education and Research.
  • Ryznar, M. (2012). A Crime of Its Own: A Proposal for Achieving Greater Sentencing Consistency in Neonaticide and Infanticide Cases. USFL Rev., 47, 459.
  • Sanger, C. (2006). Infant safe haven laws: Legislating in the culture of life. Colum. L. Rev., 106, 753.
  • Serahsî, Ş. (2015). el-Mebsût 10.Cilt. Editor: Prof. Dr. Mustafa Cevat Akşit. İstanbul: Gümüşev Yayınları
  • Shang, X., ve Wu, X. (2003). The changing role of the state in child protection: the case of Nanchang. Social Service Review, 77(4), 523-540.
  • Stenzel, P. (2009). Safe Haven Laws and the Indian Child Welfare Act: Conflicting Laws and Policy Goals Leave Indian Children at Risk. Child. Legal Rts. J., 29, 1.
  • SterniPark (2012, April 8). 12 Jahre Babyklappe – über 270 neugeborene Leben gerettet. Pressrelease. 14.07.2020 tarihinde http://www.sternipark.de/fileadmin/content/PDF_Upload/PR/12-04-05_SterniPark_Presseerklaerung_12_Jahre_Babyklappe.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • Yale Üniversitesi (2019). Erişim Adresi: 07.12.2020 https://yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/out-wedlock-births-rise-worldwide adresinden erişildi.
  • Yaman, F. (2020). Çocuk terkinin karanlık yüzü tarihsel süreç ve modern dönemdeki uygulamalar. Konya: Çizgi Kitabevi
  • Yasal Kürtaj Oranları (2020). Avrupa İstatistik Ofisi, 24.07.2020 tarihinde http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?wai=true&dataset=demo_fabort adresinden erişildi.
  • Tiefenbrun, S., ve Edwardsm Christie, J. (2008). Gendercide and the cultural context of sex trafficking in China. Fordham Int'l LJ, 32, 731.
  • Zuhaylî, V. (1994). İslam Fıkıh Ansiklopedisi, 7.cilt. Feza Yayıncılık: İstanbul
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sociology (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Fikret Yaman 0000-0002-2385-5824

Publication Date October 30, 2022
Submission Date June 24, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 33 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Yaman, F. (2022). Ortaçağ’dan Günümüze Çocuk Terki Uygulamaları. Toplum Ve Sosyal Hizmet, 33(4), 1209-1227. https://doi.org/10.33417/tsh.956979