Research Article
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Investigation of Chemical Treatability of Zinc-Nickel Alloy Plating Wastewater

Year 2023, Volume: 28 Issue: 1, 307 - 316, 30.04.2023

Melike Yalılı Kılıç Pınar Kumbasar

https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.1249112

Abstract

Galvanizing of steel is an important industrial process that has been used for many years to protect the steel surface from corrosion. Zinc-nickel alloy plating is widely preferred in many industries because it has better mechanical properties and higher corrosion resistance compared to other zinc alloy plating technologies. Various chemicals and raw materials used in heavy metal coating industry processes and wastewater from this industry create a serious environmental problem. For this reason, pollutants known to have toxic effects on the environment are limited to the discharge limits for wastewater originating from the heavy metal coating industry. Control of heavy metals in wastewater has become important and has led to the research for more efficient and economical treatment methods. In this study, the treatability of zinc-nickel coated wastewater of the facility operating in Bursa Nilüfer Organized Industrial Zone with Diplexin Zn-07 coagulant was investigated. As a result of the studies, the pH of the wastewater was brought to a value of 8.51 with %48 NaOH. 0.14 mL of Diplexin Zn-07 coagulant was dosed. Thus, 98.65% zinc removal efficiency and 99.33% nickel removal efficiency were obtained. The cost of chemicals used to treat 1 m3 of wastewater is calculated as 1.83 Euros.

Keywords

Zinc-Nickel Alloy Plating Wastewater Wastewater Treatment Metal Plating Industry Wastewater Treatment of Complexly Bound Heavy Metal Containing Wastewater Diplexin Zn-07 Cost

References

  • 1. Anwar, S., Khan, F., Zhang, Y. (2020) Electrochemical Analysis Of An Electrodeposited Zn-Ni Alloy Films Contained EDTA Stable Baths In 3.5 Wt% NaCl Solutions, Materials Today: Proceedings, Cilt 28, Bölüm 2, 532-537. doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.12.214
  • 2. Arslan, T., Kabdaşlı, I., Alaton, İ., Ölmez, T., Tünay, O. (2008) Kompleks Olarak Bağlı Metal İçeren Atıksuların Elektrokoagülasyon Prosesiİle Arıtımı, İTÜ Dergisi, Cilt 18, Sayı 1, 42-52.
  • 3. Arslan, T. (2008) Kompleks Olarak Bağlı Ağır Metal İçerı̇klı̇ Atıksuların Elektrokoagülasyon İle Arıtımı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • 4. Bhat, R.S. ve Manjunatha, K., B. (2020) Corrosion Performance Of Zinc Based Binary And Ternary Alloy Coatings, Chemical Data Collections, Cilt 28. doi.org/10.1016/j.cdc.2020.100440
  • 5. Chen, Q., Yao, Y., Li, X., Lu, J., Zhou, J., Huang, Z. (2018) Comparison of Heavy Metal Removals From Aqueous Solutions By Chemical Precipitation And Characteristics Of Precipitates, Journal of Water Process Engineering, Cilt 26, 289-300. doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2018.11.003
  • 6. Chandrasekar, M., S., Srinivasan, S., Pushpavanam, M. (2009) Properties Of Zinc Alloy Electrodeposits Produced From Acid And Alkaline Electrolytes, Journal Of Solid State Electrochemistry, Cilt 13, 781- 789. doi:10.1007/s10008-008-0607-2
  • 7. Chang, L., M., Chen, D., Liu, J., H., Zhang, R., J. (2009) Effects Of Different Plating Modes On Microstructure And Corrosion Resistance Of Zn–Ni Alloy Coatings, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Cilt 479, Bölüm 1–2, 489-493. doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2008.12.108
  • 8. Conrad, H., A., McGuire, M., R., Zhou, T., Coskun, M., İ., Golden, T., D. (2015) Improved Corrosion Resistant Properties Of Electrochemically Deposited Zinc-Nickel Alloys Utilizing A Borate Electrolytic Alkaline Solution, Surface and Coatings Technology, Cilt 272, 50-57. doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2015.04.025
  • 9. Costa, J., M., Costa, J., G., Neto, A., F. (2022) Techniques Of Nickel(II) Removal From Electroplating Industry Wastewater: Overview And Trends, Journal Of Water Process Engineering, Cilt 46. doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2022.102593
  • 10. Fu, F., Xie, L., Tang, B., Wang, Q., Jiang, S. (2012) Application Of A Novel Strategy—Advanced Fenton-Chemical Precipitation To The Treatment Of Strong Stability Chelated Heavy Metal Containing Wastewater, Chemical Engineering Journal, Cilt 189–190, 283-287. doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.02.073
  • 11. Ghaziof, S. ve Gao, W. (2014) Electrodeposition Of Single Gamma Phased Zn–Ni Alloy Coatings From Additive-Free Acidic Bath, Applied Surface Science, Cilt 311, 30, 635-642. doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.05.127
  • 12. Gyliene, O., Aikaite, J., Nivinskiene, O. (2004) Recovery Of EDTA From Complex Solution Using Cu(II) As Precipitant And Cu(II) Subsequent Removal By Electrolysis, Journal Of Hazardous Materials, Cilt 116, Bölüm 1–2, 119-124. doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.08.026
  • 13. İslamoğlu, S., Yılmaz, L., Özbelge, H., O. (2006) Development Of A Precipitation Based Separation Scheme For Selective Removal and Recovery Of Heavy Metals from Cadmium Rich Electroplating Industry Effluents, Separation Science And Technology, Cilt 41, Bölüm 15. doi:10.1080/01496390600851665
  • 14. Jerroumi, S., Amerine, M., Nour, H., Lekhlif, B., Jamal, J., E. (2020) Removal Of Nickel Through Sulfide Precipitation And Characterization Of Electroplating Wastewater Sludge, Water Quality Research Journal, Cilt 55, Bölüm 4, 345-357. doi:10.2166/wqrj.2020.116
  • 15. Kabdaşlı, I., Arslan, T., Arslan, A., I., Ölmez, H., T., Tünay, O. (2009) Complexing Agent And Heavy Metal Removals From Metal Plating Effluent By Electrocoagulation With Stainless Steel Electrodes, Journal Of Hazardous Materials, Cilt 165, Sayı 1-3, 838-845. doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.10.065
  • 16. Liu, Y., Liu, G., Wang, H., Wu, P., Yan, Q., Vayenas, D., V. (2021) Elongation The Duration Of Steel Anode With Polypyrrole Modification During The Electrocoagulation Treatment Process Of Electroplating Wastewater, Journal Of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Cilt 9, Bölüm 2. doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2020.104969
  • 17. Malakootian, M., Yousefi, N., Fatehizadeh, A., Ginkel, S., W., V., Ghorbani, M., Rahimi, S., Ahmadian, M. (2015) Nıckel (II) Removal From Industrıal Platıng Effluent By Fenton Process, Environmental EngineeringAand Management Journal, Vol 14, No.4, 837-842. doi:10.30638/eemj.2015.093
  • 18. Molinari, R., Poerio, T., Argurio, P. (2007) Chemical And Operational Aspects In Running The Polymer Assisted Ultrafiltration For Separation Of Copper(II)–Citrate Complexes From Aqueous Media, Journal Of Membrane Science, Cilt 295, Bölüm 1–2, 139-147. doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2007.03.002
  • 19. Müller, C., Sarret, M., Benballa, M. (2002) Complexing Agents For A Zn–Ni Alkaline Bath, Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Cilt 519, Bölüm 1–2, 85-92. doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0728(01)00725-2
  • 20. Petrauskas, A., Grinceviciene, L., Cesuniene, A., Matulionis, E. (2005) Stripping Of Zn–Ni Alloys Deposited In Acetate-Chloride Electrolyte Under Potentiodynamic And Galvanostatic Conditions, Surface And Coatings Technology, Cilt 192, Bölüm 2–3, 299-304. doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.08.191
  • 21. Strawn, D., G. ve Baker, L., L. (2009) Molecular Characterization Of Copper In Soils Using X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy, Environmental Pollution, Cilt 157, Bölüm 10, 2813-2821. doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2009.04.018
  • 22. Tsai, T., H., Chou, H., W., Wu, Y., F. (2020) Removal Of Nickel From Chemical Plating Waste Solution Through Precipitation And Production Of Microsized Nickel Hydroxide Particles, Separation And Purification Technology, Cilt 251. doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117315
  • 23. Tunay, O., Kabdaşlı, I., Taşlı, R. (1994) Pretreatment Of Complexed Metal Wastewaters, Water Science And Technology, Cilt 29, Bölüm 9. doi:10.2166/wst.1994.0494
  • 24. Tunay, O. ve Kabdaşlı, N., I. (1994) Hydroxide Precipitation Of Complexed Metals, Water Research, Cilt 28, Bölüm 10. doi:10.1016/0043-1354(94)90022-1
  • 25. Tunay, O., Kabdaşlı , I., Hung, Y. (2004) Handbook Of İndustrial And Hazardous Wastes Treatment, Second Edition, Basel, ISBN: 978-082-4741-143.
  • 26. Wang, T., Cao, Y., Qu, G., Sun, Q., Xia, T., Guo, X., Jia, H., Zhu, L. (2018) Novel Cu(II)–EDTA Decomplexation By Discharge Plasma Oxidation And Coupled Cu Removal By Alkaline Precipitation: Underneath Mechanisms, Environmental Science & Technology, Cilt 52, Bölüm 14, 7884-7891. doi:10.1021/acs.est.8b02039
  • 27. Wang, H., Wang, H., Zhao, H., Yan, Q. (2020) Adsorption And Fenton-Like Removal Of Chelated Nickel From Zn-Ni Alloy Electroplating Wastewater Using Activated Biochar Composite Derived From Taihu Blue Algae, Chemical Engineering Journal, Cilt 379. doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.122372
  • 28. Ye, S., Chen, Y., Yao, X., Zhang, J. (2021) Simultaneous Removal Of Organic Pollutants And Heavy Metals In Wastewater By Photoelectrocatalysis: A Review, Chemosphere, Cilt 273. doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128503
  • 29. Yüksel, B. (2007) Ni-Fe-B Ve Co-Ni-Fe-B Üçlü Ve Dörtlü Alaşımların Elektrolitik Olarak Kaplanması, Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • 30. Zhu, Y., Fan, W., Zhou, T., Li, X. (2019) Removal Of Chelated Heavy Metals From Aqueous Solution: A Review Of Current Methods And Mechanisms, Science Of The Total Environment, Cilt 678, 253-266. doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.416T

ÇİNKO-NİKEL ALAŞIM KAPLAMA ATIKSULARININ KİMYASAL ARITABİLİRLİĞİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI

Year 2023, Volume: 28 Issue: 1, 307 - 316, 30.04.2023

Melike Yalılı Kılıç Pınar Kumbasar

https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.1249112

Abstract

Çeliğin galvanizlenmesi, çelik yüzeyini korozyondan korumak için uzun yıllardır uygulanan önemli bir endüstriyel işlemdir. Çinko-nikel alaşım kaplama, diğer çinko alaşım kaplama teknolojilerine kıyasla daha iyi mekanik özelliklere, daha yüksek korozyon direncine sahip olduğundan birçok endüstride yaygın olarak tercih edilmektedir. Ağır metal kaplama endüstrisi proseslerinde kullanılan çeşitli kimyasallar ve hammaddeler sonucunda bu endüstriden kaynaklanan atıksular ciddi bir çevre sorunu yaratmaktadır. Bu sebeple ağır metal kaplama endüstrisinden kaynaklanan atıksularda çevre üzerinde toksik etkiye sahip olduğu bilinen kirleticiler deşarj limitleriyle sınırlandırılmıştır. Atıksularda ağır metallerin kontrolüne yönelik artan talep, daha etkili ve daha ekonomik arıtma yöntemlerinin araştırılmasına yol açmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Bursa Nilüfer Organize Sanayi Bölgesi içerisinde faaliyet gösteren tesise ait, çinko-nikel kaplama atıksularının Diplexin Zn-07 koagülantı ile arıtılabilirliği incelenmiştir. Yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda atıksuyun pH’ı %48’lik NaOH ile 8,51 değerine getirildiğinde, 0,14 mL Diplexin Zn-07 koagülantının dozlanmasıyla %98,65 çinko giderme verimi, %99,33 nikel giderme verimi elde edilmiştir. 1 m3 atıksuyun arıtılması için kullanılan kimyasalların maliyeti 1,83 Euro olarak hesaplanmıştır.

Keywords

Çinko-Nikel Alaşım Kaplama Atıksuları Atıksu Arıtma Metal Kaplama Endüstrisi Atıksuları Kompleks Olarak Bağlı Ağır Metal İçeren Atıksuların Arıtılması Diplexin Zn-07 Maliyet

References

  • 1. Anwar, S., Khan, F., Zhang, Y. (2020) Electrochemical Analysis Of An Electrodeposited Zn-Ni Alloy Films Contained EDTA Stable Baths In 3.5 Wt% NaCl Solutions, Materials Today: Proceedings, Cilt 28, Bölüm 2, 532-537. doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.12.214
  • 2. Arslan, T., Kabdaşlı, I., Alaton, İ., Ölmez, T., Tünay, O. (2008) Kompleks Olarak Bağlı Metal İçeren Atıksuların Elektrokoagülasyon Prosesiİle Arıtımı, İTÜ Dergisi, Cilt 18, Sayı 1, 42-52.
  • 3. Arslan, T. (2008) Kompleks Olarak Bağlı Ağır Metal İçerı̇klı̇ Atıksuların Elektrokoagülasyon İle Arıtımı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • 4. Bhat, R.S. ve Manjunatha, K., B. (2020) Corrosion Performance Of Zinc Based Binary And Ternary Alloy Coatings, Chemical Data Collections, Cilt 28. doi.org/10.1016/j.cdc.2020.100440
  • 5. Chen, Q., Yao, Y., Li, X., Lu, J., Zhou, J., Huang, Z. (2018) Comparison of Heavy Metal Removals From Aqueous Solutions By Chemical Precipitation And Characteristics Of Precipitates, Journal of Water Process Engineering, Cilt 26, 289-300. doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2018.11.003
  • 6. Chandrasekar, M., S., Srinivasan, S., Pushpavanam, M. (2009) Properties Of Zinc Alloy Electrodeposits Produced From Acid And Alkaline Electrolytes, Journal Of Solid State Electrochemistry, Cilt 13, 781- 789. doi:10.1007/s10008-008-0607-2
  • 7. Chang, L., M., Chen, D., Liu, J., H., Zhang, R., J. (2009) Effects Of Different Plating Modes On Microstructure And Corrosion Resistance Of Zn–Ni Alloy Coatings, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Cilt 479, Bölüm 1–2, 489-493. doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2008.12.108
  • 8. Conrad, H., A., McGuire, M., R., Zhou, T., Coskun, M., İ., Golden, T., D. (2015) Improved Corrosion Resistant Properties Of Electrochemically Deposited Zinc-Nickel Alloys Utilizing A Borate Electrolytic Alkaline Solution, Surface and Coatings Technology, Cilt 272, 50-57. doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2015.04.025
  • 9. Costa, J., M., Costa, J., G., Neto, A., F. (2022) Techniques Of Nickel(II) Removal From Electroplating Industry Wastewater: Overview And Trends, Journal Of Water Process Engineering, Cilt 46. doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2022.102593
  • 10. Fu, F., Xie, L., Tang, B., Wang, Q., Jiang, S. (2012) Application Of A Novel Strategy—Advanced Fenton-Chemical Precipitation To The Treatment Of Strong Stability Chelated Heavy Metal Containing Wastewater, Chemical Engineering Journal, Cilt 189–190, 283-287. doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.02.073
  • 11. Ghaziof, S. ve Gao, W. (2014) Electrodeposition Of Single Gamma Phased Zn–Ni Alloy Coatings From Additive-Free Acidic Bath, Applied Surface Science, Cilt 311, 30, 635-642. doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.05.127
  • 12. Gyliene, O., Aikaite, J., Nivinskiene, O. (2004) Recovery Of EDTA From Complex Solution Using Cu(II) As Precipitant And Cu(II) Subsequent Removal By Electrolysis, Journal Of Hazardous Materials, Cilt 116, Bölüm 1–2, 119-124. doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.08.026
  • 13. İslamoğlu, S., Yılmaz, L., Özbelge, H., O. (2006) Development Of A Precipitation Based Separation Scheme For Selective Removal and Recovery Of Heavy Metals from Cadmium Rich Electroplating Industry Effluents, Separation Science And Technology, Cilt 41, Bölüm 15. doi:10.1080/01496390600851665
  • 14. Jerroumi, S., Amerine, M., Nour, H., Lekhlif, B., Jamal, J., E. (2020) Removal Of Nickel Through Sulfide Precipitation And Characterization Of Electroplating Wastewater Sludge, Water Quality Research Journal, Cilt 55, Bölüm 4, 345-357. doi:10.2166/wqrj.2020.116
  • 15. Kabdaşlı, I., Arslan, T., Arslan, A., I., Ölmez, H., T., Tünay, O. (2009) Complexing Agent And Heavy Metal Removals From Metal Plating Effluent By Electrocoagulation With Stainless Steel Electrodes, Journal Of Hazardous Materials, Cilt 165, Sayı 1-3, 838-845. doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.10.065
  • 16. Liu, Y., Liu, G., Wang, H., Wu, P., Yan, Q., Vayenas, D., V. (2021) Elongation The Duration Of Steel Anode With Polypyrrole Modification During The Electrocoagulation Treatment Process Of Electroplating Wastewater, Journal Of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Cilt 9, Bölüm 2. doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2020.104969
  • 17. Malakootian, M., Yousefi, N., Fatehizadeh, A., Ginkel, S., W., V., Ghorbani, M., Rahimi, S., Ahmadian, M. (2015) Nıckel (II) Removal From Industrıal Platıng Effluent By Fenton Process, Environmental EngineeringAand Management Journal, Vol 14, No.4, 837-842. doi:10.30638/eemj.2015.093
  • 18. Molinari, R., Poerio, T., Argurio, P. (2007) Chemical And Operational Aspects In Running The Polymer Assisted Ultrafiltration For Separation Of Copper(II)–Citrate Complexes From Aqueous Media, Journal Of Membrane Science, Cilt 295, Bölüm 1–2, 139-147. doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2007.03.002
  • 19. Müller, C., Sarret, M., Benballa, M. (2002) Complexing Agents For A Zn–Ni Alkaline Bath, Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Cilt 519, Bölüm 1–2, 85-92. doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0728(01)00725-2
  • 20. Petrauskas, A., Grinceviciene, L., Cesuniene, A., Matulionis, E. (2005) Stripping Of Zn–Ni Alloys Deposited In Acetate-Chloride Electrolyte Under Potentiodynamic And Galvanostatic Conditions, Surface And Coatings Technology, Cilt 192, Bölüm 2–3, 299-304. doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.08.191
  • 21. Strawn, D., G. ve Baker, L., L. (2009) Molecular Characterization Of Copper In Soils Using X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy, Environmental Pollution, Cilt 157, Bölüm 10, 2813-2821. doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2009.04.018
  • 22. Tsai, T., H., Chou, H., W., Wu, Y., F. (2020) Removal Of Nickel From Chemical Plating Waste Solution Through Precipitation And Production Of Microsized Nickel Hydroxide Particles, Separation And Purification Technology, Cilt 251. doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117315
  • 23. Tunay, O., Kabdaşlı, I., Taşlı, R. (1994) Pretreatment Of Complexed Metal Wastewaters, Water Science And Technology, Cilt 29, Bölüm 9. doi:10.2166/wst.1994.0494
  • 24. Tunay, O. ve Kabdaşlı, N., I. (1994) Hydroxide Precipitation Of Complexed Metals, Water Research, Cilt 28, Bölüm 10. doi:10.1016/0043-1354(94)90022-1
  • 25. Tunay, O., Kabdaşlı , I., Hung, Y. (2004) Handbook Of İndustrial And Hazardous Wastes Treatment, Second Edition, Basel, ISBN: 978-082-4741-143.
  • 26. Wang, T., Cao, Y., Qu, G., Sun, Q., Xia, T., Guo, X., Jia, H., Zhu, L. (2018) Novel Cu(II)–EDTA Decomplexation By Discharge Plasma Oxidation And Coupled Cu Removal By Alkaline Precipitation: Underneath Mechanisms, Environmental Science & Technology, Cilt 52, Bölüm 14, 7884-7891. doi:10.1021/acs.est.8b02039
  • 27. Wang, H., Wang, H., Zhao, H., Yan, Q. (2020) Adsorption And Fenton-Like Removal Of Chelated Nickel From Zn-Ni Alloy Electroplating Wastewater Using Activated Biochar Composite Derived From Taihu Blue Algae, Chemical Engineering Journal, Cilt 379. doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.122372
  • 28. Ye, S., Chen, Y., Yao, X., Zhang, J. (2021) Simultaneous Removal Of Organic Pollutants And Heavy Metals In Wastewater By Photoelectrocatalysis: A Review, Chemosphere, Cilt 273. doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128503
  • 29. Yüksel, B. (2007) Ni-Fe-B Ve Co-Ni-Fe-B Üçlü Ve Dörtlü Alaşımların Elektrolitik Olarak Kaplanması, Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • 30. Zhu, Y., Fan, W., Zhou, T., Li, X. (2019) Removal Of Chelated Heavy Metals From Aqueous Solution: A Review Of Current Methods And Mechanisms, Science Of The Total Environment, Cilt 678, 253-266. doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.416T
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Environmental Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Melike Yalılı Kılıç 0000-0001-7050-6742

Pınar Kumbasar 0000-0002-2639-6205

Publication Date April 30, 2023
Submission Date February 8, 2023
Acceptance Date April 17, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 28 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Yalılı Kılıç, M., & Kumbasar, P. (2023). ÇİNKO-NİKEL ALAŞIM KAPLAMA ATIKSULARININ KİMYASAL ARITABİLİRLİĞİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(1), 307-316. https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.1249112
AMA Yalılı Kılıç M, Kumbasar P. ÇİNKO-NİKEL ALAŞIM KAPLAMA ATIKSULARININ KİMYASAL ARITABİLİRLİĞİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI. UUJFE. April 2023;28(1):307-316. doi:10.17482/uumfd.1249112
Chicago Yalılı Kılıç, Melike, and Pınar Kumbasar. “ÇİNKO-NİKEL ALAŞIM KAPLAMA ATIKSULARININ KİMYASAL ARITABİLİRLİĞİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi 28, no. 1 (April 2023): 307-16. https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.1249112.
EndNote Yalılı Kılıç M, Kumbasar P (April 1, 2023) ÇİNKO-NİKEL ALAŞIM KAPLAMA ATIKSULARININ KİMYASAL ARITABİLİRLİĞİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi 28 1 307–316.
IEEE M. Yalılı Kılıç and P. Kumbasar, “ÇİNKO-NİKEL ALAŞIM KAPLAMA ATIKSULARININ KİMYASAL ARITABİLİRLİĞİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI”, UUJFE, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 307–316, 2023, doi: 10.17482/uumfd.1249112.
ISNAD Yalılı Kılıç, Melike - Kumbasar, Pınar. “ÇİNKO-NİKEL ALAŞIM KAPLAMA ATIKSULARININ KİMYASAL ARITABİLİRLİĞİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi 28/1 (April 2023), 307-316. https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.1249112.
JAMA Yalılı Kılıç M, Kumbasar P. ÇİNKO-NİKEL ALAŞIM KAPLAMA ATIKSULARININ KİMYASAL ARITABİLİRLİĞİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI. UUJFE. 2023;28:307–316.
MLA Yalılı Kılıç, Melike and Pınar Kumbasar. “ÇİNKO-NİKEL ALAŞIM KAPLAMA ATIKSULARININ KİMYASAL ARITABİLİRLİĞİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 28, no. 1, 2023, pp. 307-16, doi:10.17482/uumfd.1249112.
Vancouver Yalılı Kılıç M, Kumbasar P. ÇİNKO-NİKEL ALAŞIM KAPLAMA ATIKSULARININ KİMYASAL ARITABİLİRLİĞİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI. UUJFE. 2023;28(1):307-16.

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