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Molecular identification of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ using SecY and Vmp1 Genes in Tomato Plants from Van province

Year 2021, Volume: 31 Issue: 4, 951 - 960, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.950047

Abstract

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most financially important vegetable crops. It is a species belonging to the Solanaceae family and is cultivated in many countries, including Turkey. The natural presence of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ (‘Ca. P. solani’) from the Stolbur group (16SrXII) in tomato plants is extensively characterized based on the 16S rRNA gene worldwide. Tomato plants displaying abnormality and sterility of flower, purpling, and bushy appearance were observed in the Van province, Turkey. DNA extraction from tomato leaves was performed, and the extracted DNA was used to amplify 16S rRNA sequences using universal primer pairs by double PCR assays. After confirming the presence of the probable agent (‘Ca. P. solani’), nested PCR testing was performed using an appropriate primer set amplifying the SecY and Vmp1 genes of the same DNAs. Amplified PCR yields were then cloned into a pGEM T-Easy vector and sequenced by New Generation System (NGS). Sequenced 1438 bp nucleotides for Vmp1 gene (MN104838) and 905 bp nucleotides for SecY gene (MN125054) revealed 97.38% and 100% maximum nucleotide similarity with formerly published Vmp1 and SecY gene sequences of ‘Ca. P. solani’ species belonged to the Stolbur group (16Sr-XII), respectively. According to the phylogenetic tree created using our gene sequences from ‘Ca. P. solani’, Vmp1, and SecY gene sequences showed a highly phylogenetic affinity with the same sequences of the same agent from Serbia and France, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first report to reveal the phylogenetic relationships of ‘Ca. P. solani’ in stolbur group (16Sr XII-A) using SecY and Vmp1 genes in the tomato plant in Turkey based on the non-ribosomal genes.

References

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Van’dan Domates Bitkilerinde SecY ve Vmp1 Genlerini Kullanarak ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’nin Moleküler Tanımlanması

Year 2021, Volume: 31 Issue: 4, 951 - 960, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.950047

Abstract

Domates (Solanum lycopersicum) finansal olarak en öemli sebze bitkilerinden biridir. Solanaceae familyasına ait olan domates Türkiye’nin de içerisinde bulunduğu bir çok ülkede kültürü yapılmaktadır. Domates bitkilerinde Stolbur gruptan ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’nin doğal varlığı dünya genelinde geniş ölçüde 16S rRNA geni üzerine dayalı olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çiçekte anormallik ve kırıslık, morluk ve gür görünüm sergileyen domates bitkileri Türkiye’nin Van ilçesinde gözlendi. Domates yapraklarından DNA izolasyonu gerçekleştirildi. İzole edilen DNA’lar evrensel primer çiftleri çift PCR tekniğiyle 16S rRNA sekansını çoğaltmak için kalıp olarak kullanıldı. Muhtemel ajanın varlığının doğrulanmasının ardından, Nested PCR tekniği aynı DNA’ların SecY ve Vmp1 genlerini amplifiye eden uygun primer çiftleri kullanılarak gerçekleştirildi. Çoğaltılan PCR ürünleri daha sonra pGEM T-Easy vektöre klonlandı ve yeni nesil sekanlama teknolojisi ile sekanslandı. 1438 bp’lik Vmp1 geni ve 905 bp’lik SecY genine ait nükleotid dizileri Stolbur grupa ait ‘Ca. P solani’nin daha önceleri yayınlanan Vmp1 ve SecY geni ile sırası ile 97.38% and 100% maximum nükleotid benzerliği göstermiştir. ‘Ca. P solani’ye ait bizim gen sekanslarımız ile oluşturulan filogenetik ağaca göre Vmp1 ve SecY geni sekansları sırasıyla Sırbistan ve Fransa’dan aynı ajanın aynı genleri ile yüksek filogenetik ilişki göstermiştir. Bizim bilgimize göre bu çalışma ribosomal olmayan genlere dayalı Türkiye’de domates bitkilerinde SecY and Vmp1 genlerini kullanarak stolbur grupda (16Sr XII-A) ‘Ca. P. solani’nin filogenetik ilişkisini ortaya koyan ilk rapordur.

References

  • Adamovic, D., Djalovic, I., Mitrovic, P., Kojic, S., Starovic, M., Purar, B., Josic, D. (2014). First report of 16SrXII-A subgroup Phytoplasma (Stolbur) associated with reddening of Oenothera biennis in Serbia. Plant disease 98(6), 841-841.
  • Ahrens, U., Seemüller, E. (1992). Detection of DNA of plant pathogenic mycoplasmalike organisms by a polymerase chain reaction that amplifies a sequence of the 16 S rRNA gene. Phytopathology 82(8), 828–832.
  • Akiyama, Y., Ito, K. (1987). Topology analysis of the SecY protein, an integral membrane protein involved in protein export in Escherichia coli. The EMBO Journal 6 (11), 3465-3470.
  • Aksoy, A., Kaymak, H.Ç. 2016. Türkiye Domates Sektörüne Genel Bakış. Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitü Dergisi 6 (2), 121-129.
  • Allahverdi, T., Rahimian, H., Rastgou, M. (2018). Peach and nectarine affected with 16SrXII and 16SrIX phytoplasma groups in Northern provinces of Iran. Yüzüncü Yil Üniversitesi Journal of Agricultural Sciences 28(Special Issue), 150-158.
  • Alp, Ş., Usta, M., Sipahioğlu, H.M., Güller A. (2016). “First report of “Candidatus Phytoplasma solani” on a new host marigold (Tagetes erecta L.)”. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 40: 311-318.
  • Al-Subhi, A.M., Hogenhout, S.A., Al-Yahyai, R.A., Al-Sadi, A.M. (2017). Classification of a new phytoplasma subgroup 16SrII-W associated with Crotalaria witches’ broom diseases in Oman based on multigene sequence analysis. BMC Microbiology 17(1), 221.
  • Alvarez, E., Mejía, J. F., Contaldo, N., Paltrinieri, S., Duduk, B., Bertaccini, A. (2014). ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’ strains associated with oil palm lethal wilt in Colombia. Plant Disease, 98, 311–318.
  • Anonymous (2016). Van with selected indicators. www.tuik.gov.tr/ province Indicators / provinces / VAN.pdf (Access date: 15.03.2017).
  • Azza, G. F., Eman, A. H. M. (2016). Detection of stolbur phytoplasma in tomato by a specific DNA hybridization. Research Journal Biotechnology 11(6), 30-34.
  • Bai, X., Zhang, J., Ewing, A., Miller, S.A., Radek, A.J., Shevchenko, D.V., Tsukerman, K., Walunas, T., Lapidus, A., Campbell, J.W., Hogenhout, S.A. (2006). Living with genome instability: the adaptation of phytoplasmas to diverse environments of their insect and plant hosts. Journal of Bacteriology 188, 3682–3696.
  • Baric, S., Berger, J., Cainelli, C., Kerschbamer, C., Dalla Via, J. (2011). Molecular typing of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’ and epidemic history tracing by a combined T-RFLP/VNTR analysis approach. European Journal of Plant Pathology 131, 573–84.
  • Bertaccini, A., Duduk, B. (2009). Phytoplasma and phytoplasma diseases: a review of recent research. Phytopathologia mediterranea 48, 355–378.
  • Bertaccini, A., Duduk, B., Paltrinieri, S., Contaldo, N. (2014). “Phytoplasmas and Phytoplasma Diseases: A Severe Treat to Agriculture”. American Journal of Plant Sciences 05(12), 1763-1788.
  • Carraro, L., Ferrini, F., Martini, M., Ermacora, P., Loi, N. (2008) A serious epidemic of Stolbur on celery. Journal Plant Pathology 90, 131–135.
  • Chung, B.N., Jeong, M.I., Choi, S.K., Joa, J.H., San Choi, K., Choi, I.M. (2013). Occurrence of stolbur phytoplasma disease in spreading type Petunia hybrida cultivars in Korea. The plant pathology journal 29(4), 465.
  • Cimerman, A., Pacifico, D., Salar, P., Marzachi, C., Foissac, X. (2009). Striking diversity of vmp1, a variable gene encoding a putative membrane protein of the stolbur phytoplasma. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, 2951–7.
  • Contaldo, N., Bertaccini, A., Paltrinieri, S., Windsor, H.M., Windsor G.D. (2012). “Axenic culture of plant pathogenic phytoplasmas”. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 51, 607-617.
  • Çağlar, B.K., Elbeaino, T., Küsek, M., Pehlivan, D., Fidan, H., Portakaldalı, M. (2010). Stolbur Phytoplasma Infections in Potato and Tomato Plants from Different Locations in Turkey. The Journal of Plant Pathology 39, 1-3.
  • Davis, R., Zhao, Y., Dally, E.L., Lee I.-M., Jomantiene, R., Douglas, S.M. (2013). ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni’, a novel taxon associated with X-disease of stone fruits, Prunus spp.: multilocus characterization based on 16S rRNA, secY, and ribosomal protein genes. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 63: 766-776.
  • Deng, S.J., Hiruki, C. (1991). Genetic relatedness between two non-culturable mycoplasmalike organisms revealed by nucleic acid hybridization and polymerase chain reaction. Phytopathology 81: 1475–1479.
  • Dickinson, M., Hodgetts, J. (2013). “Phytoplasma methods and protocols”, New York: Humana Press, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
  • Doi Y., Teranaka, M., Yora, K., and Asuyama, H. (1967). Mycoplasma or PLT grouplike microrganisms found in the phloem elements of plants infected with mulberry dwarf, potato witches’ broom, aster yellows or pawlonia witches’ broom. Annals of Phytopathological Society Japan 33, 259–266.
  • Duduk, B., Bertaccini, A. (2011). Phytoplasma Classification: Taxonomy Based on 16S Ribosomal Gene, Is It Enough? Phytopathogenic Mollicutes 1, 1-13.
  • Ember, I., Acs, Z., Munyaneza, J. E., Crosslin, J. M., Kolber, M. (2011). Survey and molecular detection of phytoplasmas associated with potato in Romania and southern Russia. European Journal of Plant Pathology 130(3), 367-377.
  • Fao. (2019). https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL/visualize. Accesion date: 01.11.2021
  • Fialová, R., Válová, P., Balakishiyeva, G., Danet, J. L., Šafárová, D., Foissac, X., Navrátil, M. (2009). Genetic variability of stolbur phytoplasma in annual crop and wild plant species in south Moravia. Journal of Plant Pathology, 411-416.
  • Ganaie, M.M., Raja, V., Reshi, Z.A., Verma, V. (2018). Family Solanaceae: Taxonomy and modern trends. Annals of plant science 7(9), 2403-2414.
  • Garnier, M. (2000). The stolbur phytoplasma: an ubiquitous agent. C. R. Acad. Agric. France 86, 27–33.
  • Güller, A., Usta, M. (2020). Stolbur and Clover Proliferation Phytoplasma Infections in Tomato from Bingöl province, Turkey. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi 7(4), 855-866.
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There are 67 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mustafa Usta 0000-0002-3940-2774

Abdullah Güller 0000-0003-3887-4208

Serap Demirel 0000-0002-3102-4924

Publication Date December 31, 2021
Acceptance Date November 15, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 31 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Usta, M., Güller, A., & Demirel, S. (2021). Molecular identification of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ using SecY and Vmp1 Genes in Tomato Plants from Van province. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 31(4), 951-960. https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.950047
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Yuzuncu Yil University Journal of Agricultural Sciences by Van Yuzuncu Yil University Faculty of Agriculture is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.