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Back to the Gaol: Revisiting Retranslation Hypothesis in the Translations of the Religious Terms in The Ballad of Reading Gaol

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 9 - 23, 24.08.2023

Öz

Within the scope of literary translation studies, a translated piece of prose, a poem, and a play can be questioned over time due to the ageing or the changes in both the source and the target text itself. This questioning process may bring the retranslation of the text questioned. First introduced by Antoine Berman, the “Retranslation Hypothesis” claims that first translations are generally more target-oriented since it is the first time the text is introduced to the target; however, later translations get the text closer to the source text. The claim that the retranslated text is closer to the target text may have divergent outlets like the ageing of the translation and the formative and conceptional shifts in the target language. Nevertheless, there has yet to be an agreed consensus on the hypothesis itself yet. “The Ballad of Reading Gaol”, the last and the best-known poem of Oscar Wilde, describes the last days of the Royal Horse Guards trooper, Charles Thomas Wooldridge, who murdered his wife and was sentenced to death. Through him, Wilde depicts different themes like freedom, death, faith, and religion within his perspective, altered by prison conditions. The work was first translated into Turkish by Özdemir Asaf in 1968 and later retranslated by various translators. Therefore, this study aimed to test the validity of the hypothesis analysing the religious terms in the re-translations. The findings of this study revealed that the re-translations, while some of the re-translations are target oriented, the others tend to be source-oriented.

Kaynakça

  • Alkalay-Gut, K. (1997). The thing he loves: Murder as aesthetic experience in “The Ballad of Reading Gaol”. Victorian Poetry. 35(3), 349-366.
  • Almberg, S.P.E. (1995). Re-translation. In S.W Chan & D.E. Pollard (Eds.) An encyclopedia of translation: Chinese-English, English-Chinese. (pp. 925-929). The Chinese University Press.
  • Merriam-Webster.(n.d.) Ballad. In Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster. Retrieved on May 3,2023,from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ballad.
  • Berk, İ. (1978). Çeviride şiir dili. Türk Dili: Çeviri Sorunları Özel Sayısı. 71-76 . https://www.tdk.gov.tr/dosyalar/TDD/1978s322/1978s322__15_I_BERK.pdf.
  • Berman, A. (2000). Translation and the trials of the foreign, (L. Venuti, Trans.). In L. Venuti (Eds.), The translation studies reader (pp. 240-253). Routledge.
  • Boase-Beier J. (2010). Stylistic approaches to translation. St. Jerome Publishing.
  • Brisset, A. (2000) The search for a native language: Translation and cultural identity. In L. Venuti (Eds.)The translation studies reader (pp. 343-375). Routledge.
  • Brownlie S.(2006). Narrative theory and retranslation theory. Across Languages and Cultures. 7(2), 145–170.
  • Buckler, W. E. (1990). Oscar Wilde's “chant de cygne”: “The Ballad of Reading Gaol” in contextual perspective. Victorian Poetry, (28), 33-41.
  • Dastjerdi H. V., Mohammadi A. (2013). Revisiting “retranslation hypothesis”: A comparative analysis of stylistic features in the Persian retranslations of pride and prejudice. Open Journal of Modern Linguistics, 3(3), 174-181.
  • Jones, R.F. (2011). The translation of poetry. In Malmkjær, K., Windle, K. (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of translation studies (pp. 123-132). Oxford University Press.
  • Koskinen, K., Paloposki, O. (1984) Retranslation. In Gambier,Y., Doorslaer,L.v. (Eds.), Handbook of translation studies (pp. 294-298). John Benjamins Publishing Company.
  • Kuçuradi, İ. (1978). Şiir çevirisini değerlendirme ve Türkçe’de Homeros. Türk Dili: Çeviri Sorunları Özel Sayısı. 111-116. https://www.tdk.gov.tr/dosyalar/TDD/1978s322/1978s322__22_I_KUCURADI.pdf.
  • Kuic, R. (1970). Translating English romantic poetry. In James S. (Eds.), The nature of translation (pp. 182-191). The Slovak Academy of Sciences.
  • Larson, M.L. (1984). Meaning-based translation: A guide to cross language. University Press of America.
  • Li Yanjie (2013). A general review of existing retranslation study. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 3(10), 1909-1912.
  • Newmark, P. (1988). A textbook of translation. Phoenix ELT.
  • Newmark, P. (2010). Translation and culture. In B. Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk and M. Thelen (Eds.), Łódź studies in language: Meaning in translation (pp. 171-182). Peter Lang.
  • Octavio, P. (1992) Translation: Literature and letters (Irene del Corral Trans). In Rainer Schulte and John Biguenet (Eds.), Theories of translation: An anthology of essays from Dryden to Derrida (pp. 152–162). University of Chicago Press.
  • Özpınar, B. (2012). Özdemir Asaf’ın sözcükleriyle Oscar Wilde. Retrieved on May 3, 2023, from https://parsomenedebiyat.com/2012/03/12/reading-zindani-balladi/.
  • Rıfat, O. (1981). Şiir çevrilir mi. Yazko Edebiyat, (5), 47 - 50.
  • Rohner, R.P. (1984). Toward a conception of culture for cross-cultural psychology. Journal of Cross-cultural psychology 15(2),111-138.
  • Quintus, J. A. (1991). Christ, Christianity, and Oscar Wilde. Texas Studies in Literature and Language, 33(4), 514–527.
  • Sharif F. D. , Khameneh R. Y. (2015) . Model for translating poetry based on the Lefevere's theory on poetry translation and Dastjerdi's model. ELT Voices- International Journal for Teachers of English, 5(4), 53-65.
  • Shuttleworth M, Cowie M. (1997). Dictionary of translation studies. Manchester. St. Jerome. Susam-Sarajev, Ş. (2010). Theories on the move: Translation's role in the travels of literary theories. Radopi.
  • Vanderschelden, I. (2000). Why retranslate the French classics? The impact of retranslation on quality. In Myriam Salama-Carr (Eds.), On translating French literature and film II (pp. 1-18). Rodopi.
  • Venuti, L. (1995). The translator's invisibility: A history of translation. Routledge.
  • Wang, F. (2014). An approach to domestication and foreignization from the angle of cultural factors translation. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 4(11), 2423-2427.
  • Wilde, O. (1907). The Ballad of the Reading Gaol. F.M. Buckles and Company.
  • Wilde, O. (1968). Reading zindanı baladı (Ö. Asaf Trans.). Sanat. (Original work published in 1907)
  • Wilde, O. (2003). Reading Zapishanesi baladı (T. Alkan Trans.). Bordo Siyah. (Original work published in 1907)
  • Wilde, O. (2017). Reading Zindanı baladı (O. Baykara Trans.). Everest. (Original work published in 1907)
  • Wilde, O. (2020). Reading Zindanı baladı (T. Yılmaz Trans.). Zeplin. (Original work published in 1907)
  • Wilson, P. (2021). Translation. In S. Pihlaja (Eds.), Analysing religious discourse. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108863957.007

Back to the Gaol: Revisiting Retranslation Hypothesis in the Translations of the Religious Terms in The Ballad of Reading Gaol

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 9 - 23, 24.08.2023

Öz

Within the scope of literary translation studies, a translated piece of prose, a poem, and a play can be questioned over time due to the ageing or the changes in both the source and the target text itself. This questioning process may bring the retranslation of the text questioned. First introduced by Antoine Berman, the “Retranslation Hypothesis” claims that first translations are generally more target-oriented since it is the first time the text is introduced to the target; however, later translations get the text closer to the source text. The claim that the retranslated text is closer to the target text may have divergent outlets like the ageing of the translation and the formative and conceptional shifts in the target language. Nevertheless, there has yet to be an agreed consensus on the hypothesis itself yet. “The Ballad of Reading Gaol”, the last and the best-known poem of Oscar Wilde, describes the last days of the Royal Horse Guards trooper, Charles Thomas Wooldridge, who murdered his wife and was sentenced to death. Through him, Wilde depicts different themes like freedom, death, faith, and religion within his perspective, altered by prison conditions. The work was first translated into Turkish by Özdemir Asaf in 1968 and later retranslated by various translators. Therefore, this study aimed to test the validity of the hypothesis analysing the religious terms in the re-translations. The findings of this study revealed that the re-translations, while some of the re-translations are target oriented, the others tend to be source-oriented.

Kaynakça

  • Alkalay-Gut, K. (1997). The thing he loves: Murder as aesthetic experience in “The Ballad of Reading Gaol”. Victorian Poetry. 35(3), 349-366.
  • Almberg, S.P.E. (1995). Re-translation. In S.W Chan & D.E. Pollard (Eds.) An encyclopedia of translation: Chinese-English, English-Chinese. (pp. 925-929). The Chinese University Press.
  • Merriam-Webster.(n.d.) Ballad. In Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster. Retrieved on May 3,2023,from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ballad.
  • Berk, İ. (1978). Çeviride şiir dili. Türk Dili: Çeviri Sorunları Özel Sayısı. 71-76 . https://www.tdk.gov.tr/dosyalar/TDD/1978s322/1978s322__15_I_BERK.pdf.
  • Berman, A. (2000). Translation and the trials of the foreign, (L. Venuti, Trans.). In L. Venuti (Eds.), The translation studies reader (pp. 240-253). Routledge.
  • Boase-Beier J. (2010). Stylistic approaches to translation. St. Jerome Publishing.
  • Brisset, A. (2000) The search for a native language: Translation and cultural identity. In L. Venuti (Eds.)The translation studies reader (pp. 343-375). Routledge.
  • Brownlie S.(2006). Narrative theory and retranslation theory. Across Languages and Cultures. 7(2), 145–170.
  • Buckler, W. E. (1990). Oscar Wilde's “chant de cygne”: “The Ballad of Reading Gaol” in contextual perspective. Victorian Poetry, (28), 33-41.
  • Dastjerdi H. V., Mohammadi A. (2013). Revisiting “retranslation hypothesis”: A comparative analysis of stylistic features in the Persian retranslations of pride and prejudice. Open Journal of Modern Linguistics, 3(3), 174-181.
  • Jones, R.F. (2011). The translation of poetry. In Malmkjær, K., Windle, K. (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of translation studies (pp. 123-132). Oxford University Press.
  • Koskinen, K., Paloposki, O. (1984) Retranslation. In Gambier,Y., Doorslaer,L.v. (Eds.), Handbook of translation studies (pp. 294-298). John Benjamins Publishing Company.
  • Kuçuradi, İ. (1978). Şiir çevirisini değerlendirme ve Türkçe’de Homeros. Türk Dili: Çeviri Sorunları Özel Sayısı. 111-116. https://www.tdk.gov.tr/dosyalar/TDD/1978s322/1978s322__22_I_KUCURADI.pdf.
  • Kuic, R. (1970). Translating English romantic poetry. In James S. (Eds.), The nature of translation (pp. 182-191). The Slovak Academy of Sciences.
  • Larson, M.L. (1984). Meaning-based translation: A guide to cross language. University Press of America.
  • Li Yanjie (2013). A general review of existing retranslation study. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 3(10), 1909-1912.
  • Newmark, P. (1988). A textbook of translation. Phoenix ELT.
  • Newmark, P. (2010). Translation and culture. In B. Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk and M. Thelen (Eds.), Łódź studies in language: Meaning in translation (pp. 171-182). Peter Lang.
  • Octavio, P. (1992) Translation: Literature and letters (Irene del Corral Trans). In Rainer Schulte and John Biguenet (Eds.), Theories of translation: An anthology of essays from Dryden to Derrida (pp. 152–162). University of Chicago Press.
  • Özpınar, B. (2012). Özdemir Asaf’ın sözcükleriyle Oscar Wilde. Retrieved on May 3, 2023, from https://parsomenedebiyat.com/2012/03/12/reading-zindani-balladi/.
  • Rıfat, O. (1981). Şiir çevrilir mi. Yazko Edebiyat, (5), 47 - 50.
  • Rohner, R.P. (1984). Toward a conception of culture for cross-cultural psychology. Journal of Cross-cultural psychology 15(2),111-138.
  • Quintus, J. A. (1991). Christ, Christianity, and Oscar Wilde. Texas Studies in Literature and Language, 33(4), 514–527.
  • Sharif F. D. , Khameneh R. Y. (2015) . Model for translating poetry based on the Lefevere's theory on poetry translation and Dastjerdi's model. ELT Voices- International Journal for Teachers of English, 5(4), 53-65.
  • Shuttleworth M, Cowie M. (1997). Dictionary of translation studies. Manchester. St. Jerome. Susam-Sarajev, Ş. (2010). Theories on the move: Translation's role in the travels of literary theories. Radopi.
  • Vanderschelden, I. (2000). Why retranslate the French classics? The impact of retranslation on quality. In Myriam Salama-Carr (Eds.), On translating French literature and film II (pp. 1-18). Rodopi.
  • Venuti, L. (1995). The translator's invisibility: A history of translation. Routledge.
  • Wang, F. (2014). An approach to domestication and foreignization from the angle of cultural factors translation. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 4(11), 2423-2427.
  • Wilde, O. (1907). The Ballad of the Reading Gaol. F.M. Buckles and Company.
  • Wilde, O. (1968). Reading zindanı baladı (Ö. Asaf Trans.). Sanat. (Original work published in 1907)
  • Wilde, O. (2003). Reading Zapishanesi baladı (T. Alkan Trans.). Bordo Siyah. (Original work published in 1907)
  • Wilde, O. (2017). Reading Zindanı baladı (O. Baykara Trans.). Everest. (Original work published in 1907)
  • Wilde, O. (2020). Reading Zindanı baladı (T. Yılmaz Trans.). Zeplin. (Original work published in 1907)
  • Wilson, P. (2021). Translation. In S. Pihlaja (Eds.), Analysing religious discourse. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108863957.007
Toplam 34 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Çeviri ve Yorum Çalışmaları, Dil Çalışmaları (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Ayşe Sungur 0000-0002-4030-1081

Yayımlanma Tarihi 24 Ağustos 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 4 Mayıs 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Sungur, A. (2023). Back to the Gaol: Revisiting Retranslation Hypothesis in the Translations of the Religious Terms in The Ballad of Reading Gaol. Abant Çeviribilim Dergisi, 1(1), 9-23.