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The Moderating Effect of Commitment to the Manager on the Relationship between Emotional Labor and Turnover Intention in Working Life: A Research in the Aviation Sector

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 118 - 129, 31.01.2024

Gökdeniz Kalkın Eser Erdurmazlı

https://doi.org/10.29023/alanyaakademik.1285558

Öz

Employees in the aviation sector, where emotional labor is intense, are exposed to many negative situations such as increasing job demands and excessive stress compared to other service sectors, irregular working hours and inability to maintain a work-life balance. These negative effects may cause these employees to decrease their commitment to their workplaces and to have the intention to leave their jobs. Therefore, this study focused on the relationship between emotional labor and turnover intention, and questioned the moderating effect of commitment to the manager (leader) on the relationship in question. Within the scope of the research, data were collected from 364 aviation employees. The results of the analysis revealed that there is a significant and positive relationship between emotional labor, which is considered as three dimensions, and turnover intention, and that there is no moderating effect of supervisory commitment. While discussing the findings of the research, the limitations of the research and suggestions for future studies are included.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Turnover Intention Emotional Labor Supervisor Commitment Aviation Industry

Kaynakça

  • Alsakarneh, A.A.A., Hong, S.C., Eneizan, B.M., & Al-Kharabsheh, K.A. (2019). Exploring the relationship between the emotional labor and performance in the Jordanian insurance industry. Current Psychology, 38, 1140-1151. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-018-9935-2
  • Ashforth, B.E., & Humphrey, R.H. (1993). Emotional labor in service roles: The influence of identity. Academy of Management Review, 18, 88-115. https://doi.org/10.2307/258824.
  • Bakker, A.B., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The jobdemands-resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(3), 309-328. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940710733115.
  • Bartram, T., Casimir, G., Djurkovic, N., Leggat, S.G., & Stanton, P. (2012). Do perceived high performance work systems influence the relationship between emotional labour, burnout and intention to leave? A study of Australian nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 68(7), 1567-1578. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2012.05968.x
  • Becker, T.E. (1992). Foci and bases of commitment: Are they distinctions worth making? Academy of Management Journal, 35, 232-244. https://doi.org/10.2307/256481.
  • Becker, T.E., & Billings, S.R. (1993). Profiles of commitment: An empirical test. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 14, 177-190. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030140207
  • Birze, A., Regehr, C., Paradis, E., Leblanc, V., & Einstein, G. (2022). Perceived organizational support and emotional labour among police communicators: What can organizational context tell us about posttraumatic stress? International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 95(2), 425-435. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-021-01708-9
  • Brotheridge, C.M., & Lee, R.T. (2003). Development and validation of the emotional labour scale. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 76, 365-379. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317903769647229
  • Chau, S.L., Dahling, J.J., Levy, P.E., & Diefendorff, J.M. (2009). A predictive study of emotional labor and turnover. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30(8), 1151-1163. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.617
  • Chen, K.-Y., Chang, C.-W., & Wang, C.-H. (2019). Frontline employees’ passion and emotional exhaustion: The mediating role of emotional labor strategies. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 76, 163-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.05.006
  • Cho, J.-E., Choi, H.-S.C., & Lee, W.J. (2014). An empirical investigation of the relationship between role stressors, emotional exhaustion and turnover intention in the airline industry. Asia Pasific Journal of Tourism Research, 19(9), 1023-1043. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2013.837398
  • Chung, M., & Jeon, A. (2020). Social exchange approach, job satisfaction, and turnover intention in the airline industry. Service Business, 14, 241-261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11628-020-00416-7
  • Demerouti, E., Bakker, A.B., Nachreiner, F., & Schaufeli, W.B. (2001). The job demands-resources model of burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 499-512. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.3.499
  • Fabi, B., Lacoursière, R., & Raymond, L. (2015). Impact of high-performance work systems on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and intention to quit in Canadian organizations. International Journal of Manpower, 36(5), 772-790. https://doi.org/101108/IJM-01-2014-0005
  • Festinger, L. (1962). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
  • Fidanboy, C.Ö. (2019). Çalışanların pozitif ve negatif duygu durumlarının iş yaşamında akış deneyimine etkileri: Ar-Ge çalışanları üzerine bir inceleme. Journal of Yasar University, 14, 69-81. https://doi.org/10.19168/jyasar.630649
  • Firth, L., Mellor, D.J., Moore, K.A., & Loquet, C. (2004). How can managers reduce employee intention to quit? Journal of Managerial Psychology, 19(2), 170-187. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940410526127
  • Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. MA: Addison-Wesley.
  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D.F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10..2307/3151312
  • Fredrickson, B.L. (2000). Why positive emotions matter in organizations: Lessons from the broaden-and-build model. The Psychologist Manager Journal, 4(2), 131-142. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0095887
  • Glomb, T.M., & Tews, M.J. (2004). Emotional labor: A conceptualization and scale development. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 64, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-8791(03)00038-1
  • Goodwin, R.E., Groth, M., & Frenkel, S.J. (2011). Relationship between emotional labor, job performance, and turnover. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 79, 538-548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2011.03.001
  • Gooty, J., Connelly, S., Griffith, J., & Gupta, A. (2010). Leadership, affect and emotions: A state of the science review. The Leadership Quarterly, 21, 979-1004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2010.10.005
  • Greenbaum, R., Bonner, J., Gray, T., & Mawritz, M. (2020). Moral emotions: A review and research agenda for management scholarship. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 41(2), 95-114. https://doi.org/
  • Guy, M.E., & Lee, H.J. (2015). How emotional intelligence mediates emotional labor in public service jobs. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 35(3), 261-277. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X13514095
  • Hochschild, A.R. (1983). The managed heart: Commercialization of human feeling. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
  • Hu, H.-H., Hu, H.-Y., & King, B. (2017). Impacts of misbehaving air passengers on frontline employees: Role stress and emotional labor. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 29(7), 1793-1813. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-09-2015-0457
  • Huang, J., Wang, Y., & You, X. (2016). The job demands-resources model and job burnout: The mediating role of personal resources. Current Psychology, 35, 562-569. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-015-9321-2
  • Humphrey, R.H., Pollack, J.M., & Hawyer, T. (2008). Leading with emotional labor. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 23(2), 151-168. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940810850790
  • IATA. (2020). The International Air Transport Association, “Reach for the stars”, https://airlines.iata.org/analysis/reach-for-the-stars/, 16.03.2020
  • Kim, S., & Wang, J. (2018). The role of job demands-resources (JDR) between service workers’ emotional labor and burnout: New directions for labor policy at local government. Environmental Research and Public Health, 15, 1-31. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122894
  • Lambert, E.G., Qureshi, H., Holbrook, M.A., Frank, J., & Hines, C. (2022). Testing the job demands-resources model for organizational commitment among Indian correctional officers. Criminal Justice Studies, 35(4), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2022.2115487
  • Landry, G., Panaccio, A., & Vandenberghe, C. (2010). Dimensionality and consequences of employee commitment to supervisors: A two-study examination. The Journal of Psychology, 144(3), 285-312. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223981003648302
  • Landry, G., & Vandenberghe, C. (2012). Relational commitments in employee–supervisor dyads and employee job performance. The Leadership Quarterly, 23(3), 293-308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.05.016
  • Lee, Y.H. (2019). Emotional labor, teacher burnout, and turnover intention in high-school physical education teaching. European Physical Education Review, 25(1), 236-253. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336X17719559
  • Lee, Y.H., Lee, S.H.B., & Chung, J.Y. (2019). Research on how emotional expressions of emotional labor workers and perception of customer feedbacks affect turnover intentions: Emphasis on moderating effects of emotional intelligence. Frontiers in Psychology, 9: 1-21. https://doi.org/
  • Liu, X.-Y., Chi, N.-W., & Gremler, D.D. (2019). Emotion cycles in services: emotional contagion and emotional labor effects. Journal of Service Research, 22(3), 285-300. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670519835309
  • Meyer, J.P., Barak, I., & Vandenberghe, C. (1996). Revised measures of affective, continuance and normative commitment to organizations. Unpublished manuscript, Department of Psychology, The University of Western Ontario.
  • Mobley, W.H., Horner, S.O., & Hollingsworth, A.T. (1978). An evaluating of precursors of hospital employee turnover. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63(4), 408-414. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.63.4.408
  • Näring, G., Briët, M., & Brouwers, A. (2006). Beyond demand-control: Emotional labor and symptoms of burnout in teachers. Work & Stress, 20(4), 303-315. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370601065182
  • Okabe, N. (2017). Creating of customer loyalty by cabin crew: A study of the relation between emotional labor and job performance. Transportation Research Procedia, 25, 149-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2017.05.387
  • Orgambídez, A., & Almeida, H. (2020). Supervisor support and affective organizational commitment: The mediator role of work engagement. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 42(3), 187-193. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193945919852426
  • Öngöre, Ö. (2020). Evaluating emotional labor: A new approach. Golabal Business and Organizational Excellence, 39(4), 35-44. https://doi.org/10.1002/joe.22000
  • Örücü, E., & Özafşarlıoğlu, S. (2013). Örgütsel adaletin çalışanların işten ayrılma niyetine etkisi: Güney Afrika Cumhuriyeti’nde bir uygulama. Mustafa Kemal University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 10(23), 335-358.
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Çalışma Hayatında Duygusal Emek ve İşten Ayrılma Niyeti İlişkisinde Yöneticiye Bağlılığın Düzenleyici Etkisi: Havacılık Sektöründe Bir Araştırma

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 118 - 129, 31.01.2024

Gökdeniz Kalkın Eser Erdurmazlı

https://doi.org/10.29023/alanyaakademik.1285558

Öz

Duygusal emeğin yoğun olarak ortaya çıktığı havacılık sektöründeki çalışanlar, artan iş talepleri ve diğer hizmet sektörlerine oranla yaşanılan aşırı stres, düzensiz çalışma saatleri ve iş-yaşam dengesinin sağlanamaması gibi birçok olumsuz duruma maruz kalmaktadırlar. Bu olumsuz etkiler, havacılık çalışanlarının işyerine olan bağlılığının azalmasına ve işten ayrılma niyetine sahip olmalarına neden olabilmektedir. Dolayısıyla, bu araştırmada duygusal emek ve işten ayrılma niyeti arasındaki ilişkiye odaklanılmış ve yöneticiye (lidere) bağlılığın söz konusu ilişkideki düzenleyici etkisi sorgulanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında 364 havacılık çalışanından veri toplanmıştır. Analiz sonuçları, üç boyut olarak ele alınan duygusal emek ve işten ayrılma niyeti arasında anlamlı ve pozitif yönlü ilişkinin bulunduğunu ve yöneticiye bağlılığın düzenleyici etkisinin bulunmadığını ortaya koymuştur. Araştırmanın bulgularına ilişkin tartışmalara yer verilirken, araştırmanın sınırlılıkları ve gelecekteki çalışmalar için önerilere yer verilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İşten Ayrılma Niyeti Duygusal Emek Yöneticiye Bağlılık Havacılık Sektörü

Kaynakça

  • Alsakarneh, A.A.A., Hong, S.C., Eneizan, B.M., & Al-Kharabsheh, K.A. (2019). Exploring the relationship between the emotional labor and performance in the Jordanian insurance industry. Current Psychology, 38, 1140-1151. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-018-9935-2
  • Ashforth, B.E., & Humphrey, R.H. (1993). Emotional labor in service roles: The influence of identity. Academy of Management Review, 18, 88-115. https://doi.org/10.2307/258824.
  • Bakker, A.B., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The jobdemands-resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(3), 309-328. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940710733115.
  • Bartram, T., Casimir, G., Djurkovic, N., Leggat, S.G., & Stanton, P. (2012). Do perceived high performance work systems influence the relationship between emotional labour, burnout and intention to leave? A study of Australian nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 68(7), 1567-1578. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2012.05968.x
  • Becker, T.E. (1992). Foci and bases of commitment: Are they distinctions worth making? Academy of Management Journal, 35, 232-244. https://doi.org/10.2307/256481.
  • Becker, T.E., & Billings, S.R. (1993). Profiles of commitment: An empirical test. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 14, 177-190. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030140207
  • Birze, A., Regehr, C., Paradis, E., Leblanc, V., & Einstein, G. (2022). Perceived organizational support and emotional labour among police communicators: What can organizational context tell us about posttraumatic stress? International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 95(2), 425-435. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-021-01708-9
  • Brotheridge, C.M., & Lee, R.T. (2003). Development and validation of the emotional labour scale. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 76, 365-379. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317903769647229
  • Chau, S.L., Dahling, J.J., Levy, P.E., & Diefendorff, J.M. (2009). A predictive study of emotional labor and turnover. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30(8), 1151-1163. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.617
  • Chen, K.-Y., Chang, C.-W., & Wang, C.-H. (2019). Frontline employees’ passion and emotional exhaustion: The mediating role of emotional labor strategies. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 76, 163-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.05.006
  • Cho, J.-E., Choi, H.-S.C., & Lee, W.J. (2014). An empirical investigation of the relationship between role stressors, emotional exhaustion and turnover intention in the airline industry. Asia Pasific Journal of Tourism Research, 19(9), 1023-1043. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2013.837398
  • Chung, M., & Jeon, A. (2020). Social exchange approach, job satisfaction, and turnover intention in the airline industry. Service Business, 14, 241-261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11628-020-00416-7
  • Demerouti, E., Bakker, A.B., Nachreiner, F., & Schaufeli, W.B. (2001). The job demands-resources model of burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 499-512. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.3.499
  • Fabi, B., Lacoursière, R., & Raymond, L. (2015). Impact of high-performance work systems on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and intention to quit in Canadian organizations. International Journal of Manpower, 36(5), 772-790. https://doi.org/101108/IJM-01-2014-0005
  • Festinger, L. (1962). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
  • Fidanboy, C.Ö. (2019). Çalışanların pozitif ve negatif duygu durumlarının iş yaşamında akış deneyimine etkileri: Ar-Ge çalışanları üzerine bir inceleme. Journal of Yasar University, 14, 69-81. https://doi.org/10.19168/jyasar.630649
  • Firth, L., Mellor, D.J., Moore, K.A., & Loquet, C. (2004). How can managers reduce employee intention to quit? Journal of Managerial Psychology, 19(2), 170-187. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940410526127
  • Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. MA: Addison-Wesley.
  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D.F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10..2307/3151312
  • Fredrickson, B.L. (2000). Why positive emotions matter in organizations: Lessons from the broaden-and-build model. The Psychologist Manager Journal, 4(2), 131-142. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0095887
  • Glomb, T.M., & Tews, M.J. (2004). Emotional labor: A conceptualization and scale development. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 64, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-8791(03)00038-1
  • Goodwin, R.E., Groth, M., & Frenkel, S.J. (2011). Relationship between emotional labor, job performance, and turnover. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 79, 538-548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2011.03.001
  • Gooty, J., Connelly, S., Griffith, J., & Gupta, A. (2010). Leadership, affect and emotions: A state of the science review. The Leadership Quarterly, 21, 979-1004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2010.10.005
  • Greenbaum, R., Bonner, J., Gray, T., & Mawritz, M. (2020). Moral emotions: A review and research agenda for management scholarship. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 41(2), 95-114. https://doi.org/
  • Guy, M.E., & Lee, H.J. (2015). How emotional intelligence mediates emotional labor in public service jobs. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 35(3), 261-277. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X13514095
  • Hochschild, A.R. (1983). The managed heart: Commercialization of human feeling. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
  • Hu, H.-H., Hu, H.-Y., & King, B. (2017). Impacts of misbehaving air passengers on frontline employees: Role stress and emotional labor. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 29(7), 1793-1813. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-09-2015-0457
  • Huang, J., Wang, Y., & You, X. (2016). The job demands-resources model and job burnout: The mediating role of personal resources. Current Psychology, 35, 562-569. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-015-9321-2
  • Humphrey, R.H., Pollack, J.M., & Hawyer, T. (2008). Leading with emotional labor. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 23(2), 151-168. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940810850790
  • IATA. (2020). The International Air Transport Association, “Reach for the stars”, https://airlines.iata.org/analysis/reach-for-the-stars/, 16.03.2020
  • Kim, S., & Wang, J. (2018). The role of job demands-resources (JDR) between service workers’ emotional labor and burnout: New directions for labor policy at local government. Environmental Research and Public Health, 15, 1-31. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122894
  • Lambert, E.G., Qureshi, H., Holbrook, M.A., Frank, J., & Hines, C. (2022). Testing the job demands-resources model for organizational commitment among Indian correctional officers. Criminal Justice Studies, 35(4), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2022.2115487
  • Landry, G., Panaccio, A., & Vandenberghe, C. (2010). Dimensionality and consequences of employee commitment to supervisors: A two-study examination. The Journal of Psychology, 144(3), 285-312. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223981003648302
  • Landry, G., & Vandenberghe, C. (2012). Relational commitments in employee–supervisor dyads and employee job performance. The Leadership Quarterly, 23(3), 293-308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.05.016
  • Lee, Y.H. (2019). Emotional labor, teacher burnout, and turnover intention in high-school physical education teaching. European Physical Education Review, 25(1), 236-253. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336X17719559
  • Lee, Y.H., Lee, S.H.B., & Chung, J.Y. (2019). Research on how emotional expressions of emotional labor workers and perception of customer feedbacks affect turnover intentions: Emphasis on moderating effects of emotional intelligence. Frontiers in Psychology, 9: 1-21. https://doi.org/
  • Liu, X.-Y., Chi, N.-W., & Gremler, D.D. (2019). Emotion cycles in services: emotional contagion and emotional labor effects. Journal of Service Research, 22(3), 285-300. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670519835309
  • Meyer, J.P., Barak, I., & Vandenberghe, C. (1996). Revised measures of affective, continuance and normative commitment to organizations. Unpublished manuscript, Department of Psychology, The University of Western Ontario.
  • Mobley, W.H., Horner, S.O., & Hollingsworth, A.T. (1978). An evaluating of precursors of hospital employee turnover. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63(4), 408-414. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.63.4.408
  • Näring, G., Briët, M., & Brouwers, A. (2006). Beyond demand-control: Emotional labor and symptoms of burnout in teachers. Work & Stress, 20(4), 303-315. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370601065182
  • Okabe, N. (2017). Creating of customer loyalty by cabin crew: A study of the relation between emotional labor and job performance. Transportation Research Procedia, 25, 149-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2017.05.387
  • Orgambídez, A., & Almeida, H. (2020). Supervisor support and affective organizational commitment: The mediator role of work engagement. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 42(3), 187-193. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193945919852426
  • Öngöre, Ö. (2020). Evaluating emotional labor: A new approach. Golabal Business and Organizational Excellence, 39(4), 35-44. https://doi.org/10.1002/joe.22000
  • Örücü, E., & Özafşarlıoğlu, S. (2013). Örgütsel adaletin çalışanların işten ayrılma niyetine etkisi: Güney Afrika Cumhuriyeti’nde bir uygulama. Mustafa Kemal University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 10(23), 335-358.
  • Pala, T., & Sürgevil, O. (2016). Duygusal emek ölçeği: Ölçek geliştirme, güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik çalışması. Ege Akademik Bakış, 16(4), 773-787.
  • Prentice, C. (2013). Emotional labour and its consequences: The moderating effect of emotional ıntelligence. W. J. Zerbe, N. M. Ashkanasy & C. E. J. Härtel (Eds.), Research on Emotion in Organizations, 187-201. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
  • Rafiq, N., Abbasi, A.S., Ali Sair, S., Mohiuddin, M., & Munir, I. (2020). Emotional labor and its association with emotional exhaustion through cultural intelligence. Transnational Corporations Review, 12(4), 392-405. https://doi.org/10.1080/19186444.2020.1846670
  • Skaalvik, E., & Skaalvik, S. (2017). Still motivated to teach? A study of school context variables, stress and job satisfaction among teachers in senior high school. Social Psychology of Education, 20, 15-37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-016-9363-9
  • Steel, R.P., & Ovalle N.K. (1984). A review and meta-analysis of research on the relationship between behavioral intentions and employee turnover. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69(4), 673-686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.69.4.673
  • Talukder, A.K.M.M.H. (2019). Supervisor support and organizational commitment: The role of work–family conflict, job satisfaction, and work–life balance. Journal of Employment Counseling, 56(3), 98-116. https://doi.org/10.1002/joec.12125
  • Tett, R.P., & Meyer, J.P. (1993). Job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intention, and turnover: Path analyses based on meta-analytic findings. Personnel Psychology, 46(2), 259-293. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1993.tb00874.x
  • Ulufer, S., & Soran, S. (2019). Effects of demografic factors and personality on emotional labor, mediating role of intention to leave: A research on cabin crew. Transportation Research Procedia, 43, 129-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2019.12.027
  • Yang, C., & Chen, A. (2021). Emotional labor: A comprehensive literature review. Human Systems Management, 40, 479-501. https://doi.org/10.3233/HSM-200937
  • Vandenberghe, C., Panaccio, A., Bentein, K., Mignonac, K., Roussel, P., & Ayed, A.K.B. (2019). Time-based differences in the effects of positive and negative affectivity on perceived supervisor support and organizational commintment among newcomers. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 40(3), 264-281. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2324
  • Wasti, S.A., & Can, Ö. (2008). Affective and normative commitment to organization, supervisor, and coworkers: Do collectivist values matter? Journal of Vocational Behavior, 73(3), 404-413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2008.08.003
  • Wong, E., Tschan, F., Messerli, L., & Semmer, N.K. (2013). Expressing and amplifying positive emotions facilitate goal attainment in workplace interactions. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00188
Toplam 56 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Finans
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Gökdeniz Kalkın 0000-0001-9200-5893

Eser Erdurmazlı 0000-0001-7568-6092

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ocak 2024
Kabul Tarihi 16 Ekim 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Kalkın, G., & Erdurmazlı, E. (2024). Çalışma Hayatında Duygusal Emek ve İşten Ayrılma Niyeti İlişkisinde Yöneticiye Bağlılığın Düzenleyici Etkisi: Havacılık Sektöründe Bir Araştırma. Alanya Akademik Bakış, 8(1), 118-129. https://doi.org/10.29023/alanyaakademik.1285558