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Psycho-Biography Tradition in the History of Psychology of Religion

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 2019 Sayı: 40, 7 - 35, 31.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.28949/bilimname.572714

Öz

Although psychobiography has a history of nearly a century, it has received increasing attention, especially in the last quarter century. Psychobiography is a personality analysis based on real data about the individual rather than a simple biography. In psycho-biographies, whether it is a historical personality or a living person, it is aimed to re-construct his personality based on the works he produces as much as his biographical data and to reinterpret his works by making use of this construction. By analyzing the layers of form, event and meaning used by going through the works of the person whose psychobiography is written, their conscious and unconscious motivations and defense mechanisms are analyzed through psychological and psychoanalytic concepts. Although the pioneers of psychobiography, which is a personality analysis based on real data about the individual rather than a simple biography, are psychoanalysts, psychoanalysis is not the only psychological approach applied during the process of making psychoanalysis, other psychological approaches have also been adopted.
Individuals subject to psychobiography are generally personalities that have come to the forefront with various characteristics and have become historical. Rather, psycho-biographies of such people are written because they are role models to society in various ways, in addition to other people's desire to know and understand them better. Psycho-biographical studies, which began to appear in the years when the psychology of religion appeared on the stage of history, could not continue at the same speed and experienced a period of convalescence for a long time.
Although psycho-biographies are partly novel, they are written by experts in accordance with psychological perspectives and facts. The main difference of the psychobiographer from the novelist is the obligation to adhere to scientific facts and the life of the person he is dealing with. In this aspect, psychobiography is a science in one aspect and an art in another. For the psychobiographer, who aims to make the spiritual analysis of the personality under consideration, the products of the individual are as important as their lives. Even analyzing personality based on work is the most commonly used method in psycho-biographies. If the subject is a historical personality, psychobiography analyzes the individual's historical actions, his rights and wrongs. If the individual whose psychobiography is written is an artist, rather than the right and wrong actions that shape history, the artist's art products (poet’s poetry, painter's painting) come to the fore.
There are several difficulties in writing psychobiography. The first one is the source problem when writing about historical personalities. The inability to access sufficient sources or being sentenced to second-hand sources inevitably causes the author to move away from the facts. Because, although the sources of historical personalities are the works of the individual, not being able to access some of these works makes it obligatory to use the opinions of those who have knowledge about the subject and to appeal to other works on the person concerned. This condemns psychobiography to second-hand sources and paves the way for reductionist interpretations.
A second step that the psychobiographer should take is to develop empathy to protect the person from an unconscious trivialization. Building an empathic relationship with the person helps the biographer to give ear to the source through the model of the related person's personality. By constantly avoiding dogmatic personality theories, the constant shifts between hypotheses and knowledge gradually pave the way for a person's portrait to emerge. However, even if he uses this approach, no biographer can claim that he has done exactly the right description of the person he is working with. Because psychological interpretations never carry certainty. In other words, psycho-biographies, which are journeys to the inner self of the individual, are written by using various psychological theories.
The first of these theories is psychoanalytic theory. Because biographers often encounter problems about these individuals that cannot be explained without resorting to psychodynamic analysis, such as mismatches in their behavior. On this basis, the pioneer of psycho-biographical studies was Freud, the founder of the psychodynamic approach. However, psycho-biographies are not only studies from a psychodynamic perspective. The second theoretical approach proposed in this regard is the psychological approach that asserts that ideas about character types are not fixed. Because the concept of character is related to an individual who develops relatively static and systematically arranged thinking, feeling and behavior. A psychobiographer, then, is the one who is confronted with recreating the character of that person without forgetting that the character is extremely complex. Psychobiographers should be able to access other sources of information other than individuals. He should learn how these sources of information describe situations in which a person plays a role and provide information about the individual's personality. In addition, psychobiographers should be able to examine the whole life of the person to the extent possible and evaluate the events in light of the final effects of their behavior.
W. James (1902, 2017), the founder of the psychology of religion, has stated that it is not worthwhile to search for people who have acquired their fixed forms by imitating them through religious tradition and having a religious life at the habitual level; instead, the psychologists of religion should seek for the original experiences that serve as models for the emotions and imitation behaviors that are instilled in them. According to James, these experiences can be found in individuals having a religious life in extreme excitement, and such personalities are “genius” in the religious field, likewise many other geniuses who perform effective actions worth mentioning in the biography pages. They have always been beings with high emotional sensitivity, and often have a dissonant inner life having been dragged into melancholia during a part of their journey. With James' encouragement, individuals considered to have a high level of personal experience have been an important research topic in the early years of the psychology of religion as an academic discipline. In this article, the evolution of psycho-biographical movement that emerged in the history of psychology of religion in the world and in our country is discussed with some evaluations.

Kaynakça

  • Akerberg, H. 1975. Omvandsele och kamp: an empirisk religions psykologisk undersb'kning au den unge Nathan Saderbloms religiosa utveckling 1866-1894 [Conversion and struggle: An empirical psychological study of the religions development of the young Nathan S&derblom 1866-1894]. Ph.D.diss., University of Lund, Sweden. (Studia Psychologiae Religionum Lundensia 1).Akerberg, H. 1978. “Attempts to escape: A psychological study on the autobiographical notes of Herben Tingsten 1971-1972”. In Psychological studies on religious man. Editör: T. Kallstad. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell.Alper, Y. 2005. Psikolojik ve Psikodinamik Açıdan Nazım Hikmet Şiiri. İstanbul: Toplumsal Akademi Yayınları.Alper, Y. 2006. Psikodinamik Açıdan Ahmet Erhan ve Şiiri. İstanbul: Şiirden Yayınları.Alper, Y. 2009. Psikodinamik Açıdan Cemal Süreyya ve Şiiri - Annem Çok Küçükken Öldü. İstanbul: Özgür Yayınları. Anderson, J. W. 1981. “Psychobiographical Methodology: The Case of William James”, Review of personality and Social Psychology, 2, 245-272.Anderson, J. W. 2010. “Psikobiyografinin Metodolojisi”, Çev. Gökhan Kağnıcı, Tarih Okulu, 3, 77-97Belzen, A.J. 1997. “The Historico cultural Approach in the Psychology of Religion: perspectives for Interdisciplinary Research”, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion,1997, 36 (3), 358-371.Belzen, J. A. 2007. “Din Psikolojisinde Tarihsel-Kültürel Yaklaşım: Disiplinlerarası Araştırmalar İçin Bakış Açıları”, Çev. Ali Ayten, Marmara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 33, 221-240. Beyazyüz, M. 2007. Cemil Meriç'in Psikolojisi: Psikobiyografi. İstanbul: Aşina Kitaplar.Biler, S. 2018. Psikoloji Açısından Hz. Peygamberin Şahsiyeti, Ankara: Fecer Yayınları. Bowen, C. R. 1917. “A psychological interpretation of Jesus”, The American Journal of Theology, 21 (4), 612-619.Bulut, S. 2014. “Yaşam Öyküsü Çalışması”, International Journal of Human Sciences, 11 (1), 880-895.Büyükbaş, M. 2002. “Nurettin Topçu'da Dini Yaşayışın Psikolojisi”, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Isparta. Capps, D. ve J. E. Dittes. eds. I990. The hunger of the heart: Reflections on the confessions of Augustine. West Lafayette, Society for the Scientific Study of Religion.Carroll, M. P. 1986. The cult of the Virgin Mary: Psychological origins. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Certel, H. 1995. İmân ve Ahlâkta Kemâlin Yolu. İstanbul: Hamle Yayınları.Dostoyevski, F. M. 2001. Karamazov Kardeşler: Sigmund Freud’un Dostoyevski ve Baba Katilliği Üzerine Yazısıyla. Çev. Engin Altay, İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.Elms, A. C. 2007. “Psychobiography and case study methods”. Handbook of research methods in personality psychology. Editörler: R.W. Robins; R.C. Fraley; R.F. Krueger. New York: The Guilford Press. Erikson, E. H. 1969. Gandhi's Truth: On the Origins of Militant Nonviolence. London: Norton&Company.Erikson. E H. 1968. Young man Luther: A study in psychoanalysis and history. New York: Norton.Esen, N. 2009. “Necip Fazıl Kısakürek'te Dinî Yaşayış”, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana.Espinosa, M. J. 2008. “Melanie Klein: A psychobiographical study”, A Treatise Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Research Psychology, Rhodes University.Freud, S..1964. Leonardo da Vinci and a memory of his childhood. In The standard edition of the complete;-psychological works of Sigmund Freud, vol. ll, 63-137, translated and edited by J. Strachey. 2d ed. London: Hogarth (Orig.publ. in German 1910).Geels, A. 1980. Mystikerna Hjalmar Ekström 1885-1962, (Mystic Hjalmar Ekström 1885-1962), Malmö: Doxa.Gürsü, O. 2015. “Hasan Basrı̇ Çantay: Bı̇r Psikobiyografi Denemesi”, Ekev Akademı̇ Dergı̇sı̇, 62, 251-268.Hall, G.S. 1917. Jesus, the Christ, In the Light of Psychology. Vol I-II. New York: Doubleday Page & Company.Hart, M. 2008. Dünya Tarihine Yön Veren En Etkin 100. Çev. Nurşan Üstüntaş. İstanbul: Neden Kitap. Hoboken, W.. Fouché, P., Van Niekerk, R. 2010. “Academic Psychobiography in South Africa: Past, Present and Future”, South African Journal of Psychology, 40 (4), 495-507.Hoffman, D. 1982. Der Wege zur Reife: Eine religionspsychologische Untersuchung der religiosen Entwicklung Gerhard Tersteegens [The way to maturity: A psychological investigation of Gerhard Tersteegen's religious development]. Ph.D. dim., University of Lund, Sweden (Studia Psychologiae Religionum Lundensia 3).Holm, N. G. 1987. “Joels Gud: En religionspsykologisk studie. Joel's God: A study in psychology of religion” Abo: Abo Akademi.Howe, M. J. 1997. “Beyond psychobiography: Towards more effective syntheses of psychology and biography”, British Journal of Psychology, 88 (2), s. 235-248.İmamoğlu, A. 1996. Mehmet Akif ve İnanan İnsan. İstanbul: Ravza yayınları. İmamoğlu, A. İman ve Aksiyon Adamı Mehmet Akif. İstanbul: Ravza yayınları.James, W. 1902. The Varieties of Religious Experience.New York: Longmans, Greens and Co. James, W. 2017. Dinsel Deneyimin Çeşitleri. Çev. İsmail Hakkı Yılmaz, İstanbul: Pinhan Yayıncılık.Kahveci, Harun. 2019. “Psiko-biyoyografik Açıdan Ömer Lütfi Mete’nin Hayatı”. Doktora tezi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Atatürk Üniversitesi, Erzurum.Kaplan, H. 2009. “Bazen Bir Puro Sadece Bir Purodur, Leonardo Da Vinci’nin Dini Kimliği Üzerine Psiko-biyografik Bir İnceleme”, Dini Araştırmalar, 12 (35), 107-126.Karaca, F. 2004. “İsmail Hakkı Aydın’ın Şiirlerinde Allah-Alem-İnsan ve Aşk Psikolojisi”, EKEV Akademi Dergisi, 21, 101-118.Kőváry, Z., 2011. “Psychobiography as a method. The revival of studying lives: New perspectives in personality and creativity research”, Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 7 (4), 739-777.Mcadams, Dan P. (2006). “The problem of narrative coherence”, Journal of ConstructivistPsychology, 19(2), 109-125.Pfister, O. 1910. “Die Frbmmigkeit des Grafen Ludwig von Zinzendorf: Ein psyckoanalytischer Beitrag zur Kenntnis der religiosen Sublimierungsprozesse und zur Erkldrung des Pietismus [Count Ludwig von Zinzendorfs piety: A psychoanalytic contribution to the knowledge of the religious sublimationproces and to the explanation of pietism]. Leipzig: Deuticke.Runyan, W. M. 1988. “Ideographic goals and methods in the study of lives”, Journal of Personality, 56 (1), 295-326.Schultz, W. T., 2005. Handbook of Psychobiography. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Schultz, William T. (2001). “Psychobiography and the study of lives: Interview with William McKinley Runyan”, Clio's Psyche: A Psychohistorical Forum, December Special Issue, 105-112.Sunden, H. 1966. Die Religion und die Rollen: Untersuchung [Religion and role-theory: A psychological investigation]. Berlin: Topelmann. (orig. publ in Swedish,1959).Sunden, H. 1987. “Saint Augustine and the Psalter in the light of role Psychology”, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 26 (3), 375-82.Vergote, A. 1988. Guilt and desire: Religious attitudes and their pathological derivatives. New Haven/London: Yale University Press. (orig. publ. in French, 1978).Volkan, V.D. ve Itzkowitz, N. 2000. Ölümsüz Atatürk (Yaşamı ve İç Dünyası). İstanbul: Bağlam Yayınları.Wikström, O. 1980. Kristusbilden i Kristinebergsgruvan: Historiska och religionspeykologiska aspekter. [Figures of Christ in Kristineberggrave: Historical and psychological aspects]. Kyrkohistorisk Arsskrift 80, 99-112.Yavuz, K. 1990. “Yunus Emre'nin İç Benine Dini ve Psikolojik Yaklaşımlar”, Atatürk Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 9, 12-21.Yavuz, K. 2001. “Yunus Emre’nin Kişiliğinde İnsanın Kendini Bulması”, Çukurova Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi,1, 3-8Yıldız, S. 2006. Arif Nihat Asya. İstanbul: Kaynak Yayınları.

Din Psikolojisi Tarihinde Psiko-Biyografi Geleneği

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 2019 Sayı: 40, 7 - 35, 31.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.28949/bilimname.572714

Öz

Psiko-biyografi yaklaşık bir asırlık bir geçmişe sahip olmasına rağmen, özellikle son çeyrek asırda gittikçe artan bir ilgi görmektedir. Psiko-biyografi, basit bir biyografiden ziyade, bireyle ilgili gerçek verilerden yola çıkılarak gerçekleştirilen bir kişilik analizidir. Psiko-biyografilerde, ister tarihsel bir kişilik isterse yaşayan biri olsun, biyografik verileri kadar ürettiği yapıtlardan yola çıkarak kişiliğinin yeniden kurgulanması ve yine bu kurgudan yararlanılarak eserlerinin tekrar yorumlanması hedeflenir. Psiko-biyografisi yazılan şahsiyetin yapıtları üzerinden gidilerek kullanılan biçim, olay ve anlam katlarının çözümlenmesiyle, bilinçli ve bilinç dışı motivasyonları ile savunma mekanizmaları psikolojik ve psikanalitik kavramlarla analiz edilir. Basit bir biyografiden ziyade, bireyle ilgili gerçek verilerden yola çıkılarak gerçekleştirilen bir kişilik analizi olan psiko-biyografinin öncüleri psikanalistler olsa da, psiko-biyografi yazımında başvurulan tek psikolojik yaklaşım psikanaliz olmayıp, diğer psikolojik yaklaşımlara da müracaat edilmektedir. Psiko-biyografiye konu olan bireyler genellikle çeşitli özellikleriyle ön plana çıkmış ve tarihe mal olmuş kişiliklerdir. Daha çok bu tür insanların psiko-biyografilerinin yazılma nedeni, diğer insanların onları daha iyi tanıma ve anlama isteğinin yanında, çeşitli açılardan topluma rol model olma durumlarıdır. Din psikolojisinin tarih sahnesine çıktığı yıllarda belirmeye başlayan psiko-biyografik çalışmalar aynı hızla devam edememiş, uzunca bir süre bir nekahat dönemi yaşanmıştır. Makalede din psikolojisi tarihinde ortaya çıkan psiko-biyografik hareketin dünyada ve ülkemizde geçirmiş olduğu evrim bazı değerlendirmelerle birlikte ele alınmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Akerberg, H. 1975. Omvandsele och kamp: an empirisk religions psykologisk undersb'kning au den unge Nathan Saderbloms religiosa utveckling 1866-1894 [Conversion and struggle: An empirical psychological study of the religions development of the young Nathan S&derblom 1866-1894]. Ph.D.diss., University of Lund, Sweden. (Studia Psychologiae Religionum Lundensia 1).Akerberg, H. 1978. “Attempts to escape: A psychological study on the autobiographical notes of Herben Tingsten 1971-1972”. In Psychological studies on religious man. Editör: T. Kallstad. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell.Alper, Y. 2005. Psikolojik ve Psikodinamik Açıdan Nazım Hikmet Şiiri. İstanbul: Toplumsal Akademi Yayınları.Alper, Y. 2006. Psikodinamik Açıdan Ahmet Erhan ve Şiiri. İstanbul: Şiirden Yayınları.Alper, Y. 2009. Psikodinamik Açıdan Cemal Süreyya ve Şiiri - Annem Çok Küçükken Öldü. İstanbul: Özgür Yayınları. Anderson, J. W. 1981. “Psychobiographical Methodology: The Case of William James”, Review of personality and Social Psychology, 2, 245-272.Anderson, J. W. 2010. “Psikobiyografinin Metodolojisi”, Çev. Gökhan Kağnıcı, Tarih Okulu, 3, 77-97Belzen, A.J. 1997. “The Historico cultural Approach in the Psychology of Religion: perspectives for Interdisciplinary Research”, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion,1997, 36 (3), 358-371.Belzen, J. A. 2007. “Din Psikolojisinde Tarihsel-Kültürel Yaklaşım: Disiplinlerarası Araştırmalar İçin Bakış Açıları”, Çev. Ali Ayten, Marmara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 33, 221-240. Beyazyüz, M. 2007. Cemil Meriç'in Psikolojisi: Psikobiyografi. İstanbul: Aşina Kitaplar.Biler, S. 2018. Psikoloji Açısından Hz. Peygamberin Şahsiyeti, Ankara: Fecer Yayınları. Bowen, C. R. 1917. “A psychological interpretation of Jesus”, The American Journal of Theology, 21 (4), 612-619.Bulut, S. 2014. “Yaşam Öyküsü Çalışması”, International Journal of Human Sciences, 11 (1), 880-895.Büyükbaş, M. 2002. “Nurettin Topçu'da Dini Yaşayışın Psikolojisi”, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Isparta. Capps, D. ve J. E. Dittes. eds. I990. The hunger of the heart: Reflections on the confessions of Augustine. West Lafayette, Society for the Scientific Study of Religion.Carroll, M. P. 1986. The cult of the Virgin Mary: Psychological origins. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Certel, H. 1995. İmân ve Ahlâkta Kemâlin Yolu. İstanbul: Hamle Yayınları.Dostoyevski, F. M. 2001. Karamazov Kardeşler: Sigmund Freud’un Dostoyevski ve Baba Katilliği Üzerine Yazısıyla. Çev. Engin Altay, İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.Elms, A. C. 2007. “Psychobiography and case study methods”. Handbook of research methods in personality psychology. Editörler: R.W. Robins; R.C. Fraley; R.F. Krueger. New York: The Guilford Press. Erikson, E. H. 1969. Gandhi's Truth: On the Origins of Militant Nonviolence. London: Norton&Company.Erikson. E H. 1968. Young man Luther: A study in psychoanalysis and history. New York: Norton.Esen, N. 2009. “Necip Fazıl Kısakürek'te Dinî Yaşayış”, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana.Espinosa, M. J. 2008. “Melanie Klein: A psychobiographical study”, A Treatise Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Research Psychology, Rhodes University.Freud, S..1964. Leonardo da Vinci and a memory of his childhood. In The standard edition of the complete;-psychological works of Sigmund Freud, vol. ll, 63-137, translated and edited by J. Strachey. 2d ed. London: Hogarth (Orig.publ. in German 1910).Geels, A. 1980. Mystikerna Hjalmar Ekström 1885-1962, (Mystic Hjalmar Ekström 1885-1962), Malmö: Doxa.Gürsü, O. 2015. “Hasan Basrı̇ Çantay: Bı̇r Psikobiyografi Denemesi”, Ekev Akademı̇ Dergı̇sı̇, 62, 251-268.Hall, G.S. 1917. Jesus, the Christ, In the Light of Psychology. Vol I-II. New York: Doubleday Page & Company.Hart, M. 2008. Dünya Tarihine Yön Veren En Etkin 100. Çev. Nurşan Üstüntaş. İstanbul: Neden Kitap. Hoboken, W.. Fouché, P., Van Niekerk, R. 2010. “Academic Psychobiography in South Africa: Past, Present and Future”, South African Journal of Psychology, 40 (4), 495-507.Hoffman, D. 1982. Der Wege zur Reife: Eine religionspsychologische Untersuchung der religiosen Entwicklung Gerhard Tersteegens [The way to maturity: A psychological investigation of Gerhard Tersteegen's religious development]. Ph.D. dim., University of Lund, Sweden (Studia Psychologiae Religionum Lundensia 3).Holm, N. G. 1987. “Joels Gud: En religionspsykologisk studie. Joel's God: A study in psychology of religion” Abo: Abo Akademi.Howe, M. J. 1997. “Beyond psychobiography: Towards more effective syntheses of psychology and biography”, British Journal of Psychology, 88 (2), s. 235-248.İmamoğlu, A. 1996. Mehmet Akif ve İnanan İnsan. İstanbul: Ravza yayınları. İmamoğlu, A. İman ve Aksiyon Adamı Mehmet Akif. İstanbul: Ravza yayınları.James, W. 1902. The Varieties of Religious Experience.New York: Longmans, Greens and Co. James, W. 2017. Dinsel Deneyimin Çeşitleri. Çev. İsmail Hakkı Yılmaz, İstanbul: Pinhan Yayıncılık.Kahveci, Harun. 2019. “Psiko-biyoyografik Açıdan Ömer Lütfi Mete’nin Hayatı”. Doktora tezi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Atatürk Üniversitesi, Erzurum.Kaplan, H. 2009. “Bazen Bir Puro Sadece Bir Purodur, Leonardo Da Vinci’nin Dini Kimliği Üzerine Psiko-biyografik Bir İnceleme”, Dini Araştırmalar, 12 (35), 107-126.Karaca, F. 2004. “İsmail Hakkı Aydın’ın Şiirlerinde Allah-Alem-İnsan ve Aşk Psikolojisi”, EKEV Akademi Dergisi, 21, 101-118.Kőváry, Z., 2011. “Psychobiography as a method. The revival of studying lives: New perspectives in personality and creativity research”, Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 7 (4), 739-777.Mcadams, Dan P. (2006). “The problem of narrative coherence”, Journal of ConstructivistPsychology, 19(2), 109-125.Pfister, O. 1910. “Die Frbmmigkeit des Grafen Ludwig von Zinzendorf: Ein psyckoanalytischer Beitrag zur Kenntnis der religiosen Sublimierungsprozesse und zur Erkldrung des Pietismus [Count Ludwig von Zinzendorfs piety: A psychoanalytic contribution to the knowledge of the religious sublimationproces and to the explanation of pietism]. Leipzig: Deuticke.Runyan, W. M. 1988. “Ideographic goals and methods in the study of lives”, Journal of Personality, 56 (1), 295-326.Schultz, W. T., 2005. Handbook of Psychobiography. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Schultz, William T. (2001). “Psychobiography and the study of lives: Interview with William McKinley Runyan”, Clio's Psyche: A Psychohistorical Forum, December Special Issue, 105-112.Sunden, H. 1966. Die Religion und die Rollen: Untersuchung [Religion and role-theory: A psychological investigation]. Berlin: Topelmann. (orig. publ in Swedish,1959).Sunden, H. 1987. “Saint Augustine and the Psalter in the light of role Psychology”, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 26 (3), 375-82.Vergote, A. 1988. Guilt and desire: Religious attitudes and their pathological derivatives. New Haven/London: Yale University Press. (orig. publ. in French, 1978).Volkan, V.D. ve Itzkowitz, N. 2000. Ölümsüz Atatürk (Yaşamı ve İç Dünyası). İstanbul: Bağlam Yayınları.Wikström, O. 1980. Kristusbilden i Kristinebergsgruvan: Historiska och religionspeykologiska aspekter. [Figures of Christ in Kristineberggrave: Historical and psychological aspects]. Kyrkohistorisk Arsskrift 80, 99-112.Yavuz, K. 1990. “Yunus Emre'nin İç Benine Dini ve Psikolojik Yaklaşımlar”, Atatürk Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 9, 12-21.Yavuz, K. 2001. “Yunus Emre’nin Kişiliğinde İnsanın Kendini Bulması”, Çukurova Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi,1, 3-8Yıldız, S. 2006. Arif Nihat Asya. İstanbul: Kaynak Yayınları.
Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Faruk Karaca 0000-0002-3325-2154

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 31 Mayıs 2019
Kabul Tarihi 10 Aralık 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 2019 Sayı: 40

Kaynak Göster

APA Karaca, F. (2019). Din Psikolojisi Tarihinde Psiko-Biyografi Geleneği. Bilimname, 2019(40), 7-35. https://doi.org/10.28949/bilimname.572714

Cited By

MELANKOLİ VE İKTİDAR ARASINDA BİR ŞEHZADE: ŞEHZADE KORKUT’UN PSİKOBİYOGRAFİSİ
Turkish Academic Research Review - Türk Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi [TARR]
Orhan GÜRSU
https://doi.org/10.30622/tarr.736619