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Küçük Asya’da Ptolemaios Hakimiyeti Altında Basılan Otonom Kent Sikkeleri

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 27 - 44, 30.05.2023

Öz

Makedon Kralı III. Aleksandros’un ölümünün ardından krallık halef komutanlar arasında paylaşılmış, yaklaşık yarım asır sürekli muharebeler yaşanmıştır. Komutan Ptolemaios, 18 yıl Mısır’da satraplık yaptıktan sonra, tıpkı diğer halefler gibi kendi krallığını ilan etmiştir. Kuvvetli donanması sayesinde Akdeniz’in dört bir köşesine yayılan Ptolemaioslar, MÖ. 280’li yıllardan başlayarak Küçük Asya’nın batı ve güney-batı sahillerinde de hakimiyet tesis etmiştir. Yaklaşık bir asır bu bölgede varlığını sürdüren Ptolemaios Krallığı, hem krali sikke darp etmiş hem de hakimiyeti altındaki kimi kentlerin kendi adını taşıyan sikkeler basmasına müsaade etmiştir. Lykia, Karia, Ionia ve Troas’ta birer kentin bu otonom kent darplarından bastığı kesin olarak bilinmektedir. Güncel literatürde hangisi olduğu tespit edilemeyen iki kent daha bu sikkelerden darp etmiş olmalıdır. Bu sikkeler temel olarak ön ya da arka yüzünde sivil nitelikte bir tasvir ve lejand olarak kent ismini kullanması ile krali olanlardan ayrılır. Bu çalışmada Küçük Asya’da krali sikke darp eden kentler hakkında kısa bilgi verildikten sonra çalışmanın konusunu teşkil eden otonom kent darpları tanıtılacaktır. Bu darplara dair yapılan tartışmalar aktarılacak, güncel litetürde gelinen son nokta paylaşılacaktır. Son olarak otonom kent darplarının nitelikleri hakkında bir analiz sunulacaktır.

Kaynakça

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  • Akalın, Ayşe Gül. “Troas Synoikisis'i. Synoecism in the Troad”. Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi 21/33 (2003): 1-16.
  • Amandry, Michel. “Les tétradrachmes frappés à Lébédos”. George Le Rider et. al. tarafından düzenlenen Kraay-Mørkholm essays: numismatic studies in memory of C. M. Kraay and O. Mørkholm’de, 1-7. Louvain-La-Neuve: Institut supérieur d'archéologie et d'histoire de l'art, 1989.
  • Ashton, Richard. “Hellenistic bronze coins of Abdera wirh a male protrait”. Richard Ashton, Silvia Hurter tarafından düzenlenen Studies in Greek Numismatics in Memory of Martin Jessop Price’da, 17-21. London: Spink, 1998.
  • Ashton, Richard. “The Hellenistic hemidrachms of Caunus”. RBN 95 (1999): 141-154.
  • Ashton, Richard. “Opuscula Anatolica II: VI. Caunian notes”. NC 163 (2003): 36-39.
  • Bagnall, Roger. The Administration of the Ptolemaic Possessions Outside Egypt. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1976.
  • BMC Caria = Head, Barclay. A Catalog of the Greek Coins in the British Museum, Caria, Cos, Rhodes, etc. London: The Trustees, 1897.
  • BMC Crete & Aegean Island = Wroth, Warwick. A Catalog of the Greek Coins in the British Museum, Greek Coins of Crete and the Aegean Islands. London: The Trustees1886.
  • Bosworth, Albert Brian. The Legacy of Alexander: Politics, warfare, and Propaganda under the Successors. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.
  • Butcher, Kevin. “Small Change in Ancient Beirut: Coins from BEY 006 and 045, Archaeology of the Beirut Souks I”. Berytus XLV- XLVI (2001-2002): 1-292.
  • Callataÿ, François de. “For whom were Royal Hellenistic coins struck? The choice of metals and denominations”. Achim Lichtenberger tarafından düzenlenen Bildwert: nominalspezifische Kommunikationsstrategien in der Münzprägung hellenistischer Herrscher: Kolloquium vom 17.-18. Juni 2010 in Münster’de, 59-77. Bonn: Habelt, 2014.
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  • Cook, John Manuel. “Cities in and around the Troad”. The Annual of the British School at Athens 83 (1988): 7-19.
  • Coşkun, Altay. “Ptolemaioi as Commanders in 3rd-Century Asia Minor and Some Glimpses on Ephesos and Mylasa during the Second and Third Syrian Wars”. Burak Takmer et al. tarafından düzenlenen Philia, Vir Doctus Anatolicus. Sencer Şahin Anısına Yazılar’da, 211-233. İstanbul: Kabalcı, 2016.
  • CPE I = Lorber, Catharine. Coins of the Ptolemaic Empire, Vol. I: Precious Metal. New York: American Numismatic Society, 2018.
  • CPE II = Lorber, Catharine. Coins of the Ptolemaic Empire, Vol. II: Bronze. New York: American Numismatic Society, 2018.
  • Davesne, Alain. “Les monnaies ptolémaïques d’Ephese”. Hasan Malay tarafından düzenlenen Erol Atalay Memorial’da, 21-31. İzmir: Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi, 1991.
  • Davesne, Alain. “La deuxième guerre de Syria (ca. 261-255 av. J.-C.) et les témoignages numismatiques”. Michel Amandry, Hurter Silvia tarafından düzenlenen Travaux de numismatique offerts a Georges Le Rider’de, 123-134. London: Spink, 1999.
  • Davesne, Alain. “L’impact des guerres de Syrie sur la politique monétaire de Ptolémée II”. RN 155 (2000): 9-16.
  • Dieudonné, Adolphe. “Ptolemais-Lebedus”. JIAN 5 (1902): 45-60.
  • Ellis-Evans, Aneurin. “The Coinage and History of Achaiion in the Troad”. Revue des études anciennes 119 (2017): 25-47.
  • Fischer-Bovet, Christelle. Army and Society in Ptolemaic Egypt. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014.
  • Fulinska, Agnieszka. “Iconography of the Ptolemaic queens on coins: Greek style, Egyptian ideas?”. Studies in Art and Civilization 14 (2010): 73-92.
  • Göktürk, M. Tevfik. “Troas Bölgesinde Sikke Basan Kentler”. Anadolu Medeniyetleri Müzesi, 1994 Yıllığı (1995): 65-121.
  • Grabowski, Tomasz. “Küçük Asya’da Ptolemaioslar Hanedanı”. Oğuz Tekin tarafından düzenlenen Hellenistik ve Roma Dönemlerinde Anadolu: Krallar, İmparatorlar, Kent Devletleri’de, 28-49. İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları, 2019.
  • Grainger, John. The Syrian Wars. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 2010.
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  • Hill, George Francis. “Some coins of southern Asia Minor”. William Buckler, William Calder tarafından düzenlenen Anatolian Studies Presented to Sir William Ramsey’de, 207-224. Manchester: University Press, 1923.
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  • Le Rider, Georges, F. de Callataÿ. Les Séleucides et les Ptolémées: L’héritage monétaire et financier d’Alexandre le Grand. Paris: Rocher, 2006.
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Municipal Coinage from Asia Minor struck during the Ptolemaic Hegemony

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 27 - 44, 30.05.2023

Öz

After the death of Alexander III of Macedon, this vast kingdom was distributed among his successor generals. Ptolemy was the satrap of Egypt for eighteen years. After that period Ptolemy declared his own kingdom just like other successors. Thanks to its strong navy, Ptolemies were all over the Mediterranean and they also dominated western and south-western Asia Minor from 280s BC. Ptolemaic Kingdom maintained this hegemony almost a century. During this domination, Ptolemies both struck royal coinage and also let some poleis strike coinage in their own names. It is firmly known that four poleis in Lycia, Caria, Ionia and Troas regions struck these municipal coins. Two more cities, which could not be determined in the current literature, must have struck such coins. Essentially, municipal coins differs from royal issues for their civic coin types, either on the obverse or the reverse side, and using their ethnic on the reverse side. This study gives brief information about the royal issues struck in Asia Minor and introduce and explain mints of municipal coins. Debates and arguments about these coins in the previous literature and the present situation are shared. Lastly, a brief analysis regarding the characteristics of municipal coins is made.

Kaynakça

  • Ager, Sheila. “Civic Identity in the Hellenistic World: The Case of Lebedos”. GRBS 39 (1998): 5-21.
  • Akalın, Ayşe Gül. “Troas Synoikisis'i. Synoecism in the Troad”. Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi 21/33 (2003): 1-16.
  • Amandry, Michel. “Les tétradrachmes frappés à Lébédos”. George Le Rider et. al. tarafından düzenlenen Kraay-Mørkholm essays: numismatic studies in memory of C. M. Kraay and O. Mørkholm’de, 1-7. Louvain-La-Neuve: Institut supérieur d'archéologie et d'histoire de l'art, 1989.
  • Ashton, Richard. “Hellenistic bronze coins of Abdera wirh a male protrait”. Richard Ashton, Silvia Hurter tarafından düzenlenen Studies in Greek Numismatics in Memory of Martin Jessop Price’da, 17-21. London: Spink, 1998.
  • Ashton, Richard. “The Hellenistic hemidrachms of Caunus”. RBN 95 (1999): 141-154.
  • Ashton, Richard. “Opuscula Anatolica II: VI. Caunian notes”. NC 163 (2003): 36-39.
  • Bagnall, Roger. The Administration of the Ptolemaic Possessions Outside Egypt. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1976.
  • BMC Caria = Head, Barclay. A Catalog of the Greek Coins in the British Museum, Caria, Cos, Rhodes, etc. London: The Trustees, 1897.
  • BMC Crete & Aegean Island = Wroth, Warwick. A Catalog of the Greek Coins in the British Museum, Greek Coins of Crete and the Aegean Islands. London: The Trustees1886.
  • Bosworth, Albert Brian. The Legacy of Alexander: Politics, warfare, and Propaganda under the Successors. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.
  • Butcher, Kevin. “Small Change in Ancient Beirut: Coins from BEY 006 and 045, Archaeology of the Beirut Souks I”. Berytus XLV- XLVI (2001-2002): 1-292.
  • Callataÿ, François de. “For whom were Royal Hellenistic coins struck? The choice of metals and denominations”. Achim Lichtenberger tarafından düzenlenen Bildwert: nominalspezifische Kommunikationsstrategien in der Münzprägung hellenistischer Herrscher: Kolloquium vom 17.-18. Juni 2010 in Münster’de, 59-77. Bonn: Habelt, 2014.
  • Capdetrey, Laurent. L'Asie Mineure après Alexandre (vers 323 - vers 270 a.C.). L'invention du monde hellénistique. Rennes: Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2020.
  • Cohen, Getzel. The Hellenistic Settlements. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995. Cook, John Manuel. The Troad: An Archaeological and Topographical study. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1973.
  • Cook, John Manuel. “Cities in and around the Troad”. The Annual of the British School at Athens 83 (1988): 7-19.
  • Coşkun, Altay. “Ptolemaioi as Commanders in 3rd-Century Asia Minor and Some Glimpses on Ephesos and Mylasa during the Second and Third Syrian Wars”. Burak Takmer et al. tarafından düzenlenen Philia, Vir Doctus Anatolicus. Sencer Şahin Anısına Yazılar’da, 211-233. İstanbul: Kabalcı, 2016.
  • CPE I = Lorber, Catharine. Coins of the Ptolemaic Empire, Vol. I: Precious Metal. New York: American Numismatic Society, 2018.
  • CPE II = Lorber, Catharine. Coins of the Ptolemaic Empire, Vol. II: Bronze. New York: American Numismatic Society, 2018.
  • Davesne, Alain. “Les monnaies ptolémaïques d’Ephese”. Hasan Malay tarafından düzenlenen Erol Atalay Memorial’da, 21-31. İzmir: Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi, 1991.
  • Davesne, Alain. “La deuxième guerre de Syria (ca. 261-255 av. J.-C.) et les témoignages numismatiques”. Michel Amandry, Hurter Silvia tarafından düzenlenen Travaux de numismatique offerts a Georges Le Rider’de, 123-134. London: Spink, 1999.
  • Davesne, Alain. “L’impact des guerres de Syrie sur la politique monétaire de Ptolémée II”. RN 155 (2000): 9-16.
  • Dieudonné, Adolphe. “Ptolemais-Lebedus”. JIAN 5 (1902): 45-60.
  • Ellis-Evans, Aneurin. “The Coinage and History of Achaiion in the Troad”. Revue des études anciennes 119 (2017): 25-47.
  • Fischer-Bovet, Christelle. Army and Society in Ptolemaic Egypt. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014.
  • Fulinska, Agnieszka. “Iconography of the Ptolemaic queens on coins: Greek style, Egyptian ideas?”. Studies in Art and Civilization 14 (2010): 73-92.
  • Göktürk, M. Tevfik. “Troas Bölgesinde Sikke Basan Kentler”. Anadolu Medeniyetleri Müzesi, 1994 Yıllığı (1995): 65-121.
  • Grabowski, Tomasz. “Küçük Asya’da Ptolemaioslar Hanedanı”. Oğuz Tekin tarafından düzenlenen Hellenistik ve Roma Dönemlerinde Anadolu: Krallar, İmparatorlar, Kent Devletleri’de, 28-49. İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları, 2019.
  • Grainger, John. The Syrian Wars. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 2010.
  • Gregory, Andrew Pearce. “A Macedonian δυνάστηϛ: Evidence for the Life and Career of Pleistarchos Antipatrou”. Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte 44/1 (1995): 11-28.
  • Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière. The Macedonian State: Origins, Institutions, and History. Oxford: Clarendon, 1989.
  • Hill, George Francis. “Greek Coins Acquired by the British Museum, 1905-1910”. NC 12, (1912): 134-150.
  • Hill, George Francis. “Some coins of southern Asia Minor”. William Buckler, William Calder tarafından düzenlenen Anatolian Studies Presented to Sir William Ramsey’de, 207-224. Manchester: University Press, 1923.
  • HNO = Historia Numorum Online. http://hno.huma-num.fr.
  • Hölbl, Günther. A History of the Ptolemaic Empire. Oxon-New York: Routledge, 2001.
  • Huss, Werner. Ägypten in hellenistischer Zeit 332-30 v.Chr. München: Beck, 2001. Kinns, Philip. “Studies in the coinage of Ionia: Erythrae, Teos, Lebedus, Colophon, c. 400-30 B.C.”. PhD. diss. University of Cambridge, 1980.
  • Launey, Marcel. Recherches sur les armées Hellénistiques. Paris: De Boccard, 1949.
  • Le Rider, Georges. “Les arsinoéens de Crète”. Colin M. Kraay, Kenneth G. Jenkins tarafından düzenlenen Essays in Greek Coinage Presented to Stanley Robinson’da, 229-240. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1968.
  • Lenger, Dinçer Savaş, Erkan Dündar. “Attestation of a Ptolemaic Garrison in the Light of Coins: Tepecik Settlement at Patara, Lycia”. AIIN 67 (2021): 37-70.
  • Lenger, Dinçer Savaş, Ömer Tatar. “Patara as a New Ptolemaic Mint in Asia Minor”. RBN (forthcoming).
  • Le Rider, Georges, F. de Callataÿ. Les Séleucides et les Ptolémées: L’héritage monétaire et financier d’Alexandre le Grand. Paris: Rocher, 2006.
  • Lorber, Catharine C. “The development of Ptolemaic bronze coinage in Egypt”. Frederick Duyrat, Olivier Picard tarafından düzenlenen L’exception égyptienne? Production et échanges monétaires en Egypte hellénistique et romaine’de, 135-157. Le Caire: Institut français d'archéologie orientale, 2005.
  • Ma, John. Antiochos III and the Cities of Western Asia Minor. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.
  • Marek, Christian. “Wer war der Basileus Kaunios?”. Cengiz Işık tarafından düzenlenen Studien zur Religion und Kultur Kleinasiens und des ägäischen Bereiches: Festschrift für Baki Öğün zum 75. Geburtstag’da, 194-199. Bonn: Habelt, 2000.
  • Marquaille, Céline. “The Foreign Policy of Ptolemy II”. Paul McKechnie, Philippe Guillaume tarafından düzenlenen Ptolemy II Philadelphos and his World’de, 39-64. Boston: Brill, 2008.
  • Meadows, Andrew. “The Earliest Coinage of Alexandria Troas”. NC 164 (2004): 47-70.
  • Meadows, Andrew. “Deditio in Fidem: The Ptolemaic Conquest of Asia Minor”. Christopher Smith, Liv Mariah Yarrow tarafından düzenlenen Imperialism, Cultural Politics, and Polybius’da, 113-133. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.
  • Meadows, Andrew. “Two ‘Double’ Dedications at Ephesus and the Beginning of Ptolemaic Control of Ionia”. Gephyra 10 (2013): 1-12.
  • Meadows, Andrew. “The coinage of Arsinoe-Methana”, Εύα Αποστόλου, Charles Doyen tarafından düzenlenen Coins in the Peloponnese: Mints, iconography, circulation, history from antiquity to modern times: Proceedings of the sixth scientific meeting in the memory of Tony Hackens, Argos, May 26-29, 2011’de, 133-149. Athènes: École française d'Athènes, 2017.
  • Meadows, Andrew. “Weighing up the Coinage Reform of Ptolemy Philadelphus”. Thomas Faucher tarafından düzenlenen Money Rules!: The Monetary Economy of Egypt, from Persians until the beginning of Islam’da, 89-103. Le Caire: Institut français d'archéologie orientale, 2020.
  • Mørkholm, Otto. “Cyrene and Ptolemy I: Some numismatic comments”. Chiron 10 (1980): 145-159.
  • Mueller, Katja. Settlements of the Ptolemies: City Foundations and New Settlement in the Hellenistic World. Dudley, MA: Peeters, 2006.
  • Müller, Sabine. Das hellenistische Königspaar in der medialen Repräsentation: Ptolemaios II. und Arsinoe II. Beiträge zum Altertumskunde 263. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2009.
  • Newell, Edward Theodore. The Coinage of the Western Seleucid Mints. From Seleucus I to Antiochus III. New York: The American Numismatic Society, 1941.
  • Olivier, Julien, Bérangère Redon. “Reconsidérer la politique militaire des Lagides à la lumière des données numismatiques. Frappes et trésors monétaires aux IIIe et IIIe s. av. J.-C. (env. 294-116)”. Thomas Faucher tarafından düzenlenen Money Rules!: The Monetary Economy of Egypt, from Persians until the beginning of Islam’da, 105-137. Le Caire : Institut français d'archéologie orientale, 2020.
  • Picard, Olivier. “Remarques sur la monnaie de bronze dans l’Égypte lagide”. Jean-Yves, Empereur tarafından düzenlenen Commerce et artisanat dans l’Alexandrie hellénistique et romaine: Actes du colloque d’Athènes, 11-12 décembre 1988’de, 409-417. Athènes and Paris: École Française d'Athènes, 1998.
  • Picard, Olivier, Thomas Faucher. “Les monnaies lagides”. Olivier Picard et al. tarafından düzenlenen Les monnaies des fouilles du Centre d’Études Alexandrines: Les monnayages de bronze à Alexandrie de a conquête d’Alexandre à l’Égypte moderne’de, 17-108. Alexandrie: Centre d'Études Alexandrines, 2012.
  • Psoma, Selene. “Tas Sitarchias tous Misthous ((ARIST.), OEC. 1351B) Bronze Currencies and Cash-allowances in Mainland Greece, Thrace and the Kingdom of Macedonia”. RBN 155 (2009): 3-38.
  • Regling, Kurt. “Lebedos-Ptolemais”. JIAN 6 (1903): 173-175.
  • Ricl, Marijana. “Alexandreia Troas in the Hellenistic Period”. Mélanges d’Histoire et d’Épigraphie, Offerts À Fanoula Papazoglou, 89-116, Beograd, 1997.
  • Robert, Louis. “Villes de Carie et d’Ionie dans la liste des théorodoques de Delphes”. BCH 70 (1946): 506-523.
  • Robert, Louis. Études de Numismatique Grecque. Paris: Collège de France, 1951.
  • Robert, Louis. Documents d’Asie Mineure méridionale: Inscriptions, monnaies et géographie. Geneve-Paris: Droz-Minard, 1966.
  • Robert, Louis. “Documents d'Asie Mineure, 20. Ptolémaïs de Troade”. BCH 106 (1982): 319-333.
  • Rostovtzeff, Michail Ivanovic. Social and Economic History of the Hellenistic World. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1941.
  • Schönert-Geiss, Edith. Die Münzprägung von Maroneia. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1987.
  • Segre, Mario. “Iscrizioni di Licia. I. Tolomeo di Telmesso”. Clara Rhodos 9 (1938): 181-208.
  • Smith, Roland Ralph. “Ptolemaic Portraits: Alexandrian Types, Egyptian Versions”. Kenneth Hamma tarafından düzenlenen Alexandria and Alexandrianism’de, 203-213. California: J. Paul Getty Museum, 1996.
  • SNG Arıkantürk = Sylloge nummorum Graecorum. The Özkan Arıkantürk Collection, Vol. I. Istanbul: Turkish Institute of Archaeology, 2015.
  • SNG Cop. Ionia = Sylloge nummorum Graecorum Denmark. The Royal Collection of Coins and Medals, Danish National Museum, Ionia 2. Copenhagen: E. Munksgaard, 1946.
  • SNG v. Aulock, Ionien = Sylloge nummorum Graecorum, Deutschland. Sammlung Hans Von Aulock, Vol. 1. Berlin: Gebr. Mann, 1957.
  • SNG Keckman = Sylloge nummorum Graecorum. Finland. The Erkki Keckman Collection in the Skopbank, 1. Karia. Helsinki: The Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters, 1995.
  • Svoronos, Joannes N. Numismatique de la Crète ancienne. Macon: Protat Frères, 1890.
  • Svoronos, Joannes N. “Ptolemaïs-Lebedus, Éphese, Aenus et Abdère sous les Ptolémées”, JIAN 5 (1902): 61-70.
  • Svoronos, Joannes N. “Τα Μέθανα: H Αρσινόη της Πελοποννήσου”. JIAN 7 (1904): 397-400.
  • Svoronos, Joannes N. . En Athēnais: Typois P. D. Sakelliarou, 1904-1908/Ta Nomismata tou Kratous ton Ptolemaion (Ptolemaic Coinage), Translated by C. Lorber.
  • Tatar, Ömer. “Nümismatik Veriler Işığında Lykia Bölgesi’nde Ptolemaios Egemenliği”. PhD. diss. Akdeniz Üniversitesi, 2022.
  • Tatar, Ömer. “The Reattribution of a Ptolemaic Bronze Issue from Phoenicia to a Carian or Lycian Mint”. INR 17 (2022): 45-50.
  • Tek, Ahmet Tolga. “Hellenistik ve Erken Roma İmparatorluk Dönemlerinde Likya’da Basılan Otonom Şehir Sikkeleri”. Kayhan Dörtlük et al. tarafından düzenlenen III. Uluslararası Likya Sempozyumu, Cilt II’de, 769-787. Antalya: Suna-İnan Kıraç Akdeniz Medeniyetleri Araştırma Enstitüsü, 2006.
  • Thompson, Margareth. “The Mints of Lysimachus”. Colin M. Kraay, Kenneth G. Jenkins tarafından düzenlenen Essays in Greek Coinage Presented to Stanley Robinson’da, 163-182. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1968.
  • Waddington Coll.= Babelon, Ernest. Inventaire Sommaire de la Collection Waddington. Paris: C. Rollin et Feuardent, 1898.
  • Wolf, Daniel. “A Metrological Survey of Ptolemaic Bronze Coins”. AJN 25 (2013): 49-118.
  • Wörrle, Michael. “Epigraphische Forschungen zur Geschichte Lykiens II”. Chiron 8 (1978): 201-246.
Toplam 82 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Arkeoloji
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Ömer Tatar 0000-0002-5644-2188

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 30 Mayıs 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Mayıs 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 29 Nisan 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

Chicago Tatar, Ömer. “Küçük Asya’da Ptolemaios Hakimiyeti Altında Basılan Otonom Kent Sikkeleri”. Bozok Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 1, sy. 1 (Mayıs 2023): 27-44.