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Tarihsel Perspektiften Japonya’da Sivil Toplum Kuruluşları

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 51, 1769 - 1792, 01.01.2016

Öz

Sosyal politikanın önemli aktörlerinden biri olan sivil toplum kuruluşları tarihin her döneminde çeşitli şekillerde var olmuştur. Ancak, sanayi devrimi sonrasında ve özellikle de küreselleşme sürecinde nicelik ve nitelik açısından önemli değişimler yaşamıştır. Ülkelerin gelişmişlik düzeylerine ve sahip olduğu sosyo-kültürel özelliklere bağlı olarak farklı sivil toplum modelleri ortaya çıkmıştır. Japonya da yaşadığı hızlı kalkınma süreci ve kendine has kültürel özellikleri nedeniyle sivil toplum kuruluşlarının farklılık gösterdiği ülkeler arasında yer almaktadır. Sivil toplum rejimleri arasında yer aldığı devletçi model, Japonya’da sivil toplum kuruluşlarının ne tür özellikler gösterdiğini incelemeyi gerekli kılmaktadır. Bu çalışma da, Japonya’da sivil toplum kuruluşlarının ne anlama geldiğini, kurumsal yapılanmanın tarihsel gelişimini ve günümüzde STK’ların mevcut durumunu sosyal politika çerçevesinde incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır

Kaynakça

  • Amenomori, T. (1993). Defining The Nonprofit Sector: Japan. Ed. Lester M. Salamon, and Helmut K. Anheier. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Institute for Policy Studies.
  • Atayeter, C., Özilhan, D., Aslan, Ş. (2004). “Sivil Toplum Kuruluşlarında Bilgi Teknolojileri kullanımının Örgüt Yapısı ve Performansına Etkileri”. I. Ulusal Sivil Toplum Kuruluşları (STK) Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı. Çanakkale. 27-34.
  • Balkır, Z.G., Çolak, K. (2004). “Bilgi Toplumuna Geçiş Sürecinde STK’ların Sosyal Denetim Fonksiyonu”. I. Ulusal Sivil Toplum Kuruluşları (STK) Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı. Çanakkale. 17-25.
  • Charities Aid Foundation. (2014). World Giving Index 2014. London: CAF.
  • Haddad, M.A. (2011). “A State-in-Society Approach to the Nonprofit Sector: Welfare Services in Japan”. VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations. 26–47.
  • Haddad, M.A. (2007) “Transformation of Japan’s Civil Society Landscape”. Journal of East Asian Studies. 7. 413–437.
  • Hasegawa, K. , Shinohara, C. , Broadbent, J.P. (2007). “The Effects of ‘Social Expectation’ on the Development of Civil Society in Japan”. Journal of Civil Society. 3:2. 179-203.
  • Hasegawa, K. (2010). “Collaborative Environmentalism in Japan”. Civic Engagement in Contemporary Japan: Established and Emerging Repertoires. Ed. H. Vinken et al. Springer.85-99.
  • Hirata, K. (2004). “Civil Society and Japan’s Dysfunctional Democracy”. Journal of Developing Societies. 20. 107-124.
  • Hirata, K. (2002). Civil Society in Japan: The Growing Role of NGOs in Tokyo’s Aid and Development Policy. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
  • Imada, M. (2010). “Civil Society in Japan: Democracy, Voluntary Action, and Philanthropy”. Civic Engagement in Contemporary Japan: Established and Emerging Repertoires. Ed. H. Vinken et al, Springer. 21-39.
  • Imata, K. (1999). “Building Japan’s NPO Sector”. Center for Global Partnetship Newsletter. Summer. 1-20.
  • Ishızuka, H. (2002). “The Social Economy Sector in Japan”. Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics. 73:2. 241-267.
  • Japan International Cooperation Agency, (2013). Understanding Japanese NGOs from Facts and Practices. Tokyo: JICA.
  • Japan National Advisory Board, (2014). The Social Impact Investment Landscape in Japan. Tokyo: Japan National Advisory Board.
  • Kocabaş, F. (2010). Sosyal Politika Aracı Olarak Kâr Amacı Gütmeyen Kuruluşlar. Ankara: Nisan Kitabevi.
  • Kurokawa, C. (2010). “Social Frameworks for Civil Society in Japan: In Search for a Japanese Model”. Civic Engagement in Contemporary Japan: Established and Emerging Repertoires. Ed. H. Vinken et al. Springer. 41-64.
  • Laratta, R. , Mason, C. (2010). Defınıng The Nonprofıt Sectors In Japan and England & Wales: A Comparative Assessment Of Common Versus Civil Law Italy: Euricse.
  • Salamon, L.M. , Sokolowski, S.W. , Haddock, M.A. , Tice, H.S. (2013) The State of Global Civil Society and Volunteering. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies.
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. (2014). International Cooperation and NGOs. Tokyo: Non-Governmental Organizations Cooperation Division, 2014.
  • OECD. (2014). “Japan”. http://data.oecd.org/japan.htm#profile-development. 29.12.2014.
  • Öge, S. , Kaplan, M. (2006). “Küresel Ekonomi Yönetiminde Sivil Toplum Kuruluşlarının Yeri ve Önemi”. III. Uluslararası Sivil Toplum Kuruluşları (STK) Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı. Çanakkale. 451-457.
  • Özdemir, S. , Başel, H. , Şenocak, H. (2009). “Sivil Toplum Kuruluşları (STK)’nın Artan Önemi ve Üsküdar’da Faaliyet Gösteren Bazı STK’lar Üzerine Bir Araştırma”. Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi. Sayı:56. 151-234.
  • Pekkanen, R. (2000). “Japan's New Politics: The Case of the NPO Law”. Journal of Japanese Studies. Vol. 26. No. 1. Winter. 111-148.
  • Reimann, K. D. (2002). “Building Networks From The Outside In: Japanese Ngos and The Kyoto Climate Change Conference". Globalization and Resistance: Transnational Dimensions of Social Movements. Georgia: Political Science Faculty Publications. 173-190.
  • The Japan Association of Charitable Organizations. (2013). Charitable and Non- profit Organizations in Japan. Tokyo: JACO.
  • The Economist. (2015). Rakamlarla Dünya Cep Rehberi 2016. İstanbul: The Economist.
  • Tokol, A. (2014). “Sosyal Politikanın Tarafları”. Sosyal Politika. 5.Baskı. Ed. Aysen Tokol, Yusuf Alper. Bursa: Dora Yayınları.
  • Tsujinaka, Y. , Pekkanen, R. (2007). “Civil Society and Interest Groups in Contemporary Japan”. Pacific Affairs. Volume 80. No.3. Fall. 419-437.
  • Uno, S. (2013). “Book Review: Making Japanese Citizens: Civil Society and the Mythology of the Shimin in Postwar Japan”. Social Science Japan Journal. 16 (1). 173-176.
  • Vyas, U. (2010). “Japan’s International Ngos: A Small But Growing Presence in Japan-China Relations”. Japan Forum. 22(3–4). 467–490.
  • Watts, J.S. (2004). “A Brief Overview of Buddhist NGOs in Japan”. Japanese Journal of Religious Studies. 31 /2. 417-428.
  • Yamashita, J. (2013). “Citizen Participation or Low-Cost Care Providers? Welfare Non-profit Organisations in Japan”. Social Science Japan Journal. Vol. 16. No. 1. 45-62.

Non-Governmental Organizations in Japan From a Historical Perspective

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 51, 1769 - 1792, 01.01.2016

Öz

Non-Governmental Organizations which is one of the most important actor of social policy have been seen with different forms throughout the history. Yet, it has been exposed to significant quantitave and qualitative changes after industrial revolution and especially in globalization process. Different forms of Nongovernmental Organizations have been emerged related to countries’ economic development levels and social-cultural features. Japan is among the countries whom Non-Govenrmental Organizations are diverse thanks to its rapid development and unique cultural features. The features of Non-govenrmental organizations in Japan are required to analyse due to its statist model among the nongovernmental organization regimes. This study aims to analyse whatnon-governmental organizations means in Japan, historical development of instutional structuring and current situation of nongovernmental organizations within the framework of social policy

Kaynakça

  • Amenomori, T. (1993). Defining The Nonprofit Sector: Japan. Ed. Lester M. Salamon, and Helmut K. Anheier. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Institute for Policy Studies.
  • Atayeter, C., Özilhan, D., Aslan, Ş. (2004). “Sivil Toplum Kuruluşlarında Bilgi Teknolojileri kullanımının Örgüt Yapısı ve Performansına Etkileri”. I. Ulusal Sivil Toplum Kuruluşları (STK) Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı. Çanakkale. 27-34.
  • Balkır, Z.G., Çolak, K. (2004). “Bilgi Toplumuna Geçiş Sürecinde STK’ların Sosyal Denetim Fonksiyonu”. I. Ulusal Sivil Toplum Kuruluşları (STK) Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı. Çanakkale. 17-25.
  • Charities Aid Foundation. (2014). World Giving Index 2014. London: CAF.
  • Haddad, M.A. (2011). “A State-in-Society Approach to the Nonprofit Sector: Welfare Services in Japan”. VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations. 26–47.
  • Haddad, M.A. (2007) “Transformation of Japan’s Civil Society Landscape”. Journal of East Asian Studies. 7. 413–437.
  • Hasegawa, K. , Shinohara, C. , Broadbent, J.P. (2007). “The Effects of ‘Social Expectation’ on the Development of Civil Society in Japan”. Journal of Civil Society. 3:2. 179-203.
  • Hasegawa, K. (2010). “Collaborative Environmentalism in Japan”. Civic Engagement in Contemporary Japan: Established and Emerging Repertoires. Ed. H. Vinken et al. Springer.85-99.
  • Hirata, K. (2004). “Civil Society and Japan’s Dysfunctional Democracy”. Journal of Developing Societies. 20. 107-124.
  • Hirata, K. (2002). Civil Society in Japan: The Growing Role of NGOs in Tokyo’s Aid and Development Policy. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
  • Imada, M. (2010). “Civil Society in Japan: Democracy, Voluntary Action, and Philanthropy”. Civic Engagement in Contemporary Japan: Established and Emerging Repertoires. Ed. H. Vinken et al, Springer. 21-39.
  • Imata, K. (1999). “Building Japan’s NPO Sector”. Center for Global Partnetship Newsletter. Summer. 1-20.
  • Ishızuka, H. (2002). “The Social Economy Sector in Japan”. Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics. 73:2. 241-267.
  • Japan International Cooperation Agency, (2013). Understanding Japanese NGOs from Facts and Practices. Tokyo: JICA.
  • Japan National Advisory Board, (2014). The Social Impact Investment Landscape in Japan. Tokyo: Japan National Advisory Board.
  • Kocabaş, F. (2010). Sosyal Politika Aracı Olarak Kâr Amacı Gütmeyen Kuruluşlar. Ankara: Nisan Kitabevi.
  • Kurokawa, C. (2010). “Social Frameworks for Civil Society in Japan: In Search for a Japanese Model”. Civic Engagement in Contemporary Japan: Established and Emerging Repertoires. Ed. H. Vinken et al. Springer. 41-64.
  • Laratta, R. , Mason, C. (2010). Defınıng The Nonprofıt Sectors In Japan and England & Wales: A Comparative Assessment Of Common Versus Civil Law Italy: Euricse.
  • Salamon, L.M. , Sokolowski, S.W. , Haddock, M.A. , Tice, H.S. (2013) The State of Global Civil Society and Volunteering. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies.
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. (2014). International Cooperation and NGOs. Tokyo: Non-Governmental Organizations Cooperation Division, 2014.
  • OECD. (2014). “Japan”. http://data.oecd.org/japan.htm#profile-development. 29.12.2014.
  • Öge, S. , Kaplan, M. (2006). “Küresel Ekonomi Yönetiminde Sivil Toplum Kuruluşlarının Yeri ve Önemi”. III. Uluslararası Sivil Toplum Kuruluşları (STK) Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı. Çanakkale. 451-457.
  • Özdemir, S. , Başel, H. , Şenocak, H. (2009). “Sivil Toplum Kuruluşları (STK)’nın Artan Önemi ve Üsküdar’da Faaliyet Gösteren Bazı STK’lar Üzerine Bir Araştırma”. Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi. Sayı:56. 151-234.
  • Pekkanen, R. (2000). “Japan's New Politics: The Case of the NPO Law”. Journal of Japanese Studies. Vol. 26. No. 1. Winter. 111-148.
  • Reimann, K. D. (2002). “Building Networks From The Outside In: Japanese Ngos and The Kyoto Climate Change Conference". Globalization and Resistance: Transnational Dimensions of Social Movements. Georgia: Political Science Faculty Publications. 173-190.
  • The Japan Association of Charitable Organizations. (2013). Charitable and Non- profit Organizations in Japan. Tokyo: JACO.
  • The Economist. (2015). Rakamlarla Dünya Cep Rehberi 2016. İstanbul: The Economist.
  • Tokol, A. (2014). “Sosyal Politikanın Tarafları”. Sosyal Politika. 5.Baskı. Ed. Aysen Tokol, Yusuf Alper. Bursa: Dora Yayınları.
  • Tsujinaka, Y. , Pekkanen, R. (2007). “Civil Society and Interest Groups in Contemporary Japan”. Pacific Affairs. Volume 80. No.3. Fall. 419-437.
  • Uno, S. (2013). “Book Review: Making Japanese Citizens: Civil Society and the Mythology of the Shimin in Postwar Japan”. Social Science Japan Journal. 16 (1). 173-176.
  • Vyas, U. (2010). “Japan’s International Ngos: A Small But Growing Presence in Japan-China Relations”. Japan Forum. 22(3–4). 467–490.
  • Watts, J.S. (2004). “A Brief Overview of Buddhist NGOs in Japan”. Japanese Journal of Religious Studies. 31 /2. 417-428.
  • Yamashita, J. (2013). “Citizen Participation or Low-Cost Care Providers? Welfare Non-profit Organisations in Japan”. Social Science Japan Journal. Vol. 16. No. 1. 45-62.
Toplam 33 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Muhammet Enes Kayagil

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ocak 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 51

Kaynak Göster

APA Kayagil, M. E. (2016). Tarihsel Perspektiften Japonya’da Sivil Toplum Kuruluşları. Çalışma Ve Toplum, 4(51), 1769-1792.
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