Araştırma Makalesi
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AN EXPLORATIVE STUDY TOWARDS CREATING AN ECOPRENEURSHIP TYPOLOGY

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 1, 395 - 430, 15.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1396399

Öz

Today, the uncontrolled consumption of ecological (natural) resources for human needs has brought environmental destructions. Green economy has been presented as a new model proposal that will take into account the costs arising from environmental destruction. At this point, ecopreneurs are seen as the key actors of the transformation towards a green economy. The concept of ecopreneurship first emerged in the 1990s, giving researchers the opportunity to evaluate the economic and environmental goals of businesses simultaneously. However, by the 2000s, the relevant literature began to become quite complex. Because researchers studying on entrepreneurship have focused their attention on developing a definition and exploring the motivating factors of ecopreneurship. At this point, ecopreneurship typology studies have begun to be needed in order to reduce complexity. Although many ecopreneurship typology studies are theoretically and conceptually valuable, they often lack empirical evidence and exhibit a static nature. Due to this situation, this study aims to develop an ecopreneurship typology depending on the priority of the ecological (natural) environmental objectives of the enterprises and the strategies they follow. In line with the purpose of the study, semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 green star certified hotels operating in Izmir. In the light of the findings, 10 ecoenterprises are positioned on the developed typology.

Kaynakça

  • Anderson, A. R. (1998). Cultivating the Garden of Eden: Environmental Entrepreneuring. Journal of Organizational Change Management. 11 (2): 135-144.
  • Anderson, T. L. & Leal, D. (2001). Free Market Environmentalism: Revised Edition. Birleşik Krallık: Palgrave Press.
  • Bailey, K. D. (1994). Typologies and Taxonomies: An Introduction to Classification Techniques. Sage.
  • Bennett, S.J. (1991). Eco-Preneuring: The Complete Guide to Small Business Opportunities from the Environmental Revolution. New York: Wiley.
  • Berle, G. (1991). The Green Entrepreneur: Business Opportunities that Can Save the Earth and Make You Money. Liberty Hall Press, Blue Ridge.
  • Blue, J. (1990). Ecopreneuring: Managing for Results. London: Scott Foresman.
  • Bosman, N. (2012). Motivational Drivers of South African Ecopreneurs. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Pretorya: Gordon Institute of Business Science, University of Pretoria.
  • Bryman, A. & Bell, E. (2011). Business Research Methods. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Cohen, B. & Winn, M. I. (2007). Market Imperfections, Opportunity and Sustainable Entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing. 22 (1): 29-49.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2013). Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri Beş Yaklaşıma Göre Nitel Araştırma ve Araştırma Deseni. Çev. Editörleri Mesut Bütün ve Selçuk Beşir Demir. Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
  • Demirel, P., Li, Q. C., Rentocchini, F. & Tamvada, J. P. (2019). Born to be Green: New Insights into the Economics and Management of Green Entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics. 52 (4): 759-771.
  • Dixon, S. E. & Clifford, A. (2007). Ecopreneurship–a New Approach to Managing The Triple Bottom Line. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 20 (3): 326-345.
  • Donaldson, L. (1996). For Cartenianism: Against Organizational Types and Quantum Jumps. Editör: Lex Donaldson. For Positivist Organization Theory: Providing The Hard Core (ss. 108-129). Londra: Sage.
  • Gibbs, D. (2009). Sustainability Entrepreneurs, Ecopreneurs and the Development of a Sustainable Economy. Greener Management International. (55): 63-78.
  • Giddens, A. (1984). The Constitution of Society. Oxford: Cambridge Polity Press.
  • Glaser, B.G. & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
  • Granovetter, M. (1985). Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness. American Journal of Sociology. 91(3): 481-510.
  • Hechavarría, D.M. (2016). Mother Nature’s Son? The impact of Gender Socialization and Culture on Environmental Venturing. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship. 8 (2): 137-172.
  • Hirsch, P., Michaels, S. & Friedman, R. (1987). "Dirty Hands" versus" Clean Models": Is Sociology in Danger of Being Seduced by Economics?. Theory and Society. 16 (3): 317-336.
  • Houtbeckers, E. (2016). The Tactics of Ecopreneurs Aiming to Influence Existing Practices. Small Enterprise Research. 23 (1): 22-38.
  • Isaak, R. (1998). Green Logic – Ecopreneurship, Theory and Ethics. ABD: Greenleaf Publishing.
  • Isaak, R. (2002). The Making of the Ecopreneur. Greener Management International. (38): 81-91.
  • Isaak, R. (2016). Ecopreneurship, rent-seeking, and free-riding in global context: Job-creation without ecocide. Small Enterprise Research. 23 (1): 85-93.
  • İzmir KTB. (2022). Çevreye Duyarlı Tesis Listesi. https://izmir.ktb.gov.tr/TR-156175/isletme-belgeli-konaklama-tesis-listesi.html. (31.10.2022).
  • Jack, S. L. & Anderson, A. R. (2002). The Effects of Embeddedness on the Entrepreneurial Process. Journal of Business Venturing. 17 (5): 467-487.
  • Keogh, P. D. & Polonsky, M. J. (1998). Environmental Commitment: a Basis for Environmental Entrepreneurship? Journal of Organizational Change Management, 11 (1): 38-49.
  • Kirkwood, J. & Walton, S. (2010). What Motivates Ecopreneurs to Start a Business? International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 16 (3): 204-228.
  • Lasner, T. & Hamm, U. (2011). Ecopreneurship in Aquaculture–The Adoption of Organic Fish Farming Methods. Organic Is Life Knowledge for Tomorrow. 2: 72-75.
  • Lebron, M. J. & Brannon, D. (2018). When Social Identities Integrate: Schumpeterian Entrepreneurs Leading Green Entrepreneurship. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 24 (3): 1-25.
  • Linnanen, L. (2002). An Insider's Experiences with Environmental Entrepreneurship. Greener Management International, 38, 72-88.
  • Lober, D. J. (1998). Pollution Prevention as Corporate Entrepreneurship. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 11 (1), 26- 37.
  • Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M. & Saldaña, J. (1994). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Sourcebook of New Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Nikolaou, I. E., Tsagarakis, K. P. & Tasopoulou, K. (2018). An Examination of Ecopreneurs’ Icentives through a Combination between Institutional and Resource-Based Approach: A Preliminary Study. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 29 (2), 195-215.
  • O'Neill, K. & Gibbs, D. (2016). Rethinking Green Entrepreneurship–Fluid Narratives of the Green Economy. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 48 (9), 1727-1749.
  • Özen, Ş. (2002). Bağlam, Aktör, Söylem ve Kurumsal Değişim: Türkiye’de Toplam Kalite Yönetiminin Yayilim Süreci. Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2 (1), 47-90.
  • Pastakia, A. (1998). Grassroots Ecopreneurs: Change Agents for a Sustainable Society. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 11 (2), 157-173.
  • Patton, M.Q. (2018). Nitel Araştırma ve Değerlendirme Yöntemleri. Çev. Editörleri Mesut Bütün ve Selçuk Beşir Demir. Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.
  • Saleem, F., Adeel, A., Ali, R. & Hyder, S. (2018). Intentions to Adopt Ecopreneurship: Moderating Role of Collectivism and Altruism. The International Journal Entrepreneurship and Sustaınability Issues, 6 (2), 517-537.
  • Sarvan, F., Arıcı, E. D., Özen, J., Özdemir, B. & İçigen, E. T. (2003). On Stratejik Yönetim Okulu: Biçimleşme Okulunun Bütünleştirici Çerçevesi. Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi, 6, 73-122.
  • Schaltegger, S. (2002). A framework for ecopreneurship. Greener Management International, 38, 45-58.
  • Schaper, M. (2010). Understanding the Green Entrepreneur. Making Ecopreneurs: Developing Sustainable Entrepreneruship (ss. 7- 20). İngiltere: Gower Publishing Ltd.
  • Schick, H., Marxen, S. & Freimann, J. (2002). Sustainability Issues for Start-up Entrepreneurs. Greener Management International, 38, 59-70.
  • Schumpeter, J. A. (1934). The Theory of Economic Development: An Inquiry into Profits, Capital, Credit, Interest, and the Business Cycle. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Singh, A. & Panackal, N. (2014). Youth Ecopreneurship: A key for Success of First Generation Entrepreneurs. Annual Research Journal of SCMS, 2 (1), 1-13.
  • Staber, U. (1997). An Ecological Perspective on Entrepreneurship in Industrial Districts. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development. 9 (1), 45-64.
  • Volery, T. (2002). Ecopreneurship: Rationale, Current Issues and Future Challenges. Conference of Swiss Research Institute of Small Business and Entrepreneurship Bildiri Kitabı (ss. 541-553), Düzenleyen University of St. Gallen. https://www.kmu-hsg.ch/rencontres/IGW_Rencontres/BAND2002_WEB/F_11_ Volery.pdf. (26.09.2019).
  • Walley, E. E. & Taylor, D. W. (2002). Opportunists, Champions, Mavericks? A Typology of Green Entrepreneurs. Greener Management International, 38, 31-43.
  • Weber, M. (2018). Ekonomi ve Toplum. Çev. Latif Boyacı. İstanbul: Yarun Yayınları.

EKOGİRİŞİMCİLİK TİPOLOJİSİ OLUŞTURMAYA YÖNELİK KEŞİFSEL BİR İNCELEME

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 1, 395 - 430, 15.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1396399

Öz

Günümüzde ekolojik (doğal) kaynakların, beşeri ihtiyaçlar için kontrolsüzce tüketilmesi çevresel yıkımları da beraberinde getirmiştir. Yeşil ekonomi, çevresel yıkımlardan doğan maliyetleri göz önünde bulunduracak yeni bir modeli önerisi olarak sunulmuştur. Bu noktada ekogirişimler ise, yeşil ekonomiye doğru dönüşümün kilit aktörü olarak görülmektedirler. Ekogirişimcilik kavramı ilk kez 1990’lı yıllarda ortaya çıkarak, araştırmacılara, işletmelerin ekonomik ve çevresel hedeflerini aynı anda değerlendirme imkanı doğmuştur. Ancak 2000'li yıllara gelindiğinde, ilgili yazın oldukça karmaşık hale gelmeye başlamıştır. Çünkü girişimcilik üzerine çalışan araştırmacılar, ilgilerini daha çok ekogirişimcilik tanımı geliştirmeye ve ekogirişimciliği motive edici faktörleri keşfetmeye yöneltmişlerdir. Bu noktada karmaşıklığı azaltmak amacıyla, ekogirişimcilik tipoloji çalışmalarına ihtiyaç duyulmaya başlanmıştır. Ekogirişimcilik tipoloji çalışmalarının birçoğu, teorik ve kavramsal açıdan faydalı olmalarına rağmen, görgül kanıttan yoksun ve statiktir. Bu duruma bağlı olarak, araştırma, işletmelerin ekolojik (doğal) çevreye ilişkin amaçlarının önceliği ile izledikleri stratejilerine bağlı olarak bir ekogirişimcilik tipolojisi geliştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, İzmir ilinde faaliyet gösteren yeşil yıldız sertifika sahibi 10 otel işletmesiyle yarı yapılandırılmış derinlemesine görüşme yürütülmüştür. Elde edilen bulgular ışığında, 10 ekogirişim, geliştirilen tipoloji üzerinde konumlandırılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Anderson, A. R. (1998). Cultivating the Garden of Eden: Environmental Entrepreneuring. Journal of Organizational Change Management. 11 (2): 135-144.
  • Anderson, T. L. & Leal, D. (2001). Free Market Environmentalism: Revised Edition. Birleşik Krallık: Palgrave Press.
  • Bailey, K. D. (1994). Typologies and Taxonomies: An Introduction to Classification Techniques. Sage.
  • Bennett, S.J. (1991). Eco-Preneuring: The Complete Guide to Small Business Opportunities from the Environmental Revolution. New York: Wiley.
  • Berle, G. (1991). The Green Entrepreneur: Business Opportunities that Can Save the Earth and Make You Money. Liberty Hall Press, Blue Ridge.
  • Blue, J. (1990). Ecopreneuring: Managing for Results. London: Scott Foresman.
  • Bosman, N. (2012). Motivational Drivers of South African Ecopreneurs. (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Pretorya: Gordon Institute of Business Science, University of Pretoria.
  • Bryman, A. & Bell, E. (2011). Business Research Methods. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Cohen, B. & Winn, M. I. (2007). Market Imperfections, Opportunity and Sustainable Entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing. 22 (1): 29-49.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2013). Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri Beş Yaklaşıma Göre Nitel Araştırma ve Araştırma Deseni. Çev. Editörleri Mesut Bütün ve Selçuk Beşir Demir. Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
  • Demirel, P., Li, Q. C., Rentocchini, F. & Tamvada, J. P. (2019). Born to be Green: New Insights into the Economics and Management of Green Entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics. 52 (4): 759-771.
  • Dixon, S. E. & Clifford, A. (2007). Ecopreneurship–a New Approach to Managing The Triple Bottom Line. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 20 (3): 326-345.
  • Donaldson, L. (1996). For Cartenianism: Against Organizational Types and Quantum Jumps. Editör: Lex Donaldson. For Positivist Organization Theory: Providing The Hard Core (ss. 108-129). Londra: Sage.
  • Gibbs, D. (2009). Sustainability Entrepreneurs, Ecopreneurs and the Development of a Sustainable Economy. Greener Management International. (55): 63-78.
  • Giddens, A. (1984). The Constitution of Society. Oxford: Cambridge Polity Press.
  • Glaser, B.G. & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
  • Granovetter, M. (1985). Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness. American Journal of Sociology. 91(3): 481-510.
  • Hechavarría, D.M. (2016). Mother Nature’s Son? The impact of Gender Socialization and Culture on Environmental Venturing. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship. 8 (2): 137-172.
  • Hirsch, P., Michaels, S. & Friedman, R. (1987). "Dirty Hands" versus" Clean Models": Is Sociology in Danger of Being Seduced by Economics?. Theory and Society. 16 (3): 317-336.
  • Houtbeckers, E. (2016). The Tactics of Ecopreneurs Aiming to Influence Existing Practices. Small Enterprise Research. 23 (1): 22-38.
  • Isaak, R. (1998). Green Logic – Ecopreneurship, Theory and Ethics. ABD: Greenleaf Publishing.
  • Isaak, R. (2002). The Making of the Ecopreneur. Greener Management International. (38): 81-91.
  • Isaak, R. (2016). Ecopreneurship, rent-seeking, and free-riding in global context: Job-creation without ecocide. Small Enterprise Research. 23 (1): 85-93.
  • İzmir KTB. (2022). Çevreye Duyarlı Tesis Listesi. https://izmir.ktb.gov.tr/TR-156175/isletme-belgeli-konaklama-tesis-listesi.html. (31.10.2022).
  • Jack, S. L. & Anderson, A. R. (2002). The Effects of Embeddedness on the Entrepreneurial Process. Journal of Business Venturing. 17 (5): 467-487.
  • Keogh, P. D. & Polonsky, M. J. (1998). Environmental Commitment: a Basis for Environmental Entrepreneurship? Journal of Organizational Change Management, 11 (1): 38-49.
  • Kirkwood, J. & Walton, S. (2010). What Motivates Ecopreneurs to Start a Business? International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 16 (3): 204-228.
  • Lasner, T. & Hamm, U. (2011). Ecopreneurship in Aquaculture–The Adoption of Organic Fish Farming Methods. Organic Is Life Knowledge for Tomorrow. 2: 72-75.
  • Lebron, M. J. & Brannon, D. (2018). When Social Identities Integrate: Schumpeterian Entrepreneurs Leading Green Entrepreneurship. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 24 (3): 1-25.
  • Linnanen, L. (2002). An Insider's Experiences with Environmental Entrepreneurship. Greener Management International, 38, 72-88.
  • Lober, D. J. (1998). Pollution Prevention as Corporate Entrepreneurship. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 11 (1), 26- 37.
  • Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M. & Saldaña, J. (1994). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Sourcebook of New Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Nikolaou, I. E., Tsagarakis, K. P. & Tasopoulou, K. (2018). An Examination of Ecopreneurs’ Icentives through a Combination between Institutional and Resource-Based Approach: A Preliminary Study. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 29 (2), 195-215.
  • O'Neill, K. & Gibbs, D. (2016). Rethinking Green Entrepreneurship–Fluid Narratives of the Green Economy. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 48 (9), 1727-1749.
  • Özen, Ş. (2002). Bağlam, Aktör, Söylem ve Kurumsal Değişim: Türkiye’de Toplam Kalite Yönetiminin Yayilim Süreci. Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2 (1), 47-90.
  • Pastakia, A. (1998). Grassroots Ecopreneurs: Change Agents for a Sustainable Society. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 11 (2), 157-173.
  • Patton, M.Q. (2018). Nitel Araştırma ve Değerlendirme Yöntemleri. Çev. Editörleri Mesut Bütün ve Selçuk Beşir Demir. Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.
  • Saleem, F., Adeel, A., Ali, R. & Hyder, S. (2018). Intentions to Adopt Ecopreneurship: Moderating Role of Collectivism and Altruism. The International Journal Entrepreneurship and Sustaınability Issues, 6 (2), 517-537.
  • Sarvan, F., Arıcı, E. D., Özen, J., Özdemir, B. & İçigen, E. T. (2003). On Stratejik Yönetim Okulu: Biçimleşme Okulunun Bütünleştirici Çerçevesi. Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi, 6, 73-122.
  • Schaltegger, S. (2002). A framework for ecopreneurship. Greener Management International, 38, 45-58.
  • Schaper, M. (2010). Understanding the Green Entrepreneur. Making Ecopreneurs: Developing Sustainable Entrepreneruship (ss. 7- 20). İngiltere: Gower Publishing Ltd.
  • Schick, H., Marxen, S. & Freimann, J. (2002). Sustainability Issues for Start-up Entrepreneurs. Greener Management International, 38, 59-70.
  • Schumpeter, J. A. (1934). The Theory of Economic Development: An Inquiry into Profits, Capital, Credit, Interest, and the Business Cycle. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Singh, A. & Panackal, N. (2014). Youth Ecopreneurship: A key for Success of First Generation Entrepreneurs. Annual Research Journal of SCMS, 2 (1), 1-13.
  • Staber, U. (1997). An Ecological Perspective on Entrepreneurship in Industrial Districts. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development. 9 (1), 45-64.
  • Volery, T. (2002). Ecopreneurship: Rationale, Current Issues and Future Challenges. Conference of Swiss Research Institute of Small Business and Entrepreneurship Bildiri Kitabı (ss. 541-553), Düzenleyen University of St. Gallen. https://www.kmu-hsg.ch/rencontres/IGW_Rencontres/BAND2002_WEB/F_11_ Volery.pdf. (26.09.2019).
  • Walley, E. E. & Taylor, D. W. (2002). Opportunists, Champions, Mavericks? A Typology of Green Entrepreneurs. Greener Management International, 38, 31-43.
  • Weber, M. (2018). Ekonomi ve Toplum. Çev. Latif Boyacı. İstanbul: Yarun Yayınları.
Toplam 48 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Strateji, Yönetim ve Örgütsel Davranış (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Sedef Gülsüm Aksu 0000-0001-6878-6108

Nurcan Hakan Çıraklar 0000-0002-2934-1613

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Mart 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 27 Kasım 2023
Kabul Tarihi 8 Ocak 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 26 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Aksu, S. G., & Çıraklar, N. H. (2024). EKOGİRİŞİMCİLİK TİPOLOJİSİ OLUŞTURMAYA YÖNELİK KEŞİFSEL BİR İNCELEME. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 26(1), 395-430. https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1396399