Araştırma Makalesi
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AYDIN IN THE BRITISH PRESS IN THE NATIONAL STRUGGLE PERIOD

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 62 Sayı: 2, 1187 - 1210, 20.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.33171/dtcfjournal.2022.62.2.15

Öz

In this paper, the developments in Aydın during the National Struggle period were evaluated by making use of the news and articles in the English press. The aim of the study is to reveal the way in which the occupation activities of Greece, an Allied member, in and around Aydın were presented to the reader by the press of another Allied member, England. The occupation activities of the Greek army in Aydın and its surroundings were carefully followed by the British press and it was determined that there were many news and articles in the press on the subject. The main reason why the British press closely followed the Greek occupation in the region was the intense British economic activities in the region, and the British press frequently questioned the effect of the Greek occupations on British interests. However, this situation caused important information about the Greek occupation to be announced to the reader through the British press. The fact that such a study has not been conducted so far has been the main motivation for this research. In this study, comparative analysis method was used. Accordingly, firstly, news and articles related to the subject of the research were determined. Then, based on the principle of objectivity, the relevant news and articles were evaluated after being classified. The content of the news and articles that were decided to be evaluated at the last stage were included in the scope of the research after being compared with the information in domestic sources. The news and articles that could be clearly identified as being written for propaganda purposes and inconsistent with the facts were excluded from the scope of the research. The most important findings of the study are that the inhuman crimes and heavy massacres committed by the Greek army in Aydın and its surroundings took place in the British press and it was clearly stated that the Greeks were not wanted in the region.

Kaynakça

  • (1919, 1 Temmuz). The Turkish Settlement. The Guardian, s.6.
  • (1919, 10 Temmuz). Turkish Irregulars in Asia Minor. The Guardian, s.8.
  • (1919, 11 Eylül). Turks Cause Trouble, Active Warfare Between Greeks and Turks. The Evening Standard, s.2.
  • (1919, 13 Kasım). The Smyrna Hinterland, Boundary Provisionally Fixed. The Gloucestershire Echo, s.4.
  • (1919, 14 Mart). Turkish Arrogance, Christians Forcibly Enlisted. The Western Daily Press, s.6.
  • (1919, 15 Mart). Turks in Arms Again. The Leicester Daily Mercury, s.7.
  • (1919, 15 Ocak). The Claims of Greece, Interview with M. Venizelos, Near Eastern Problems. The Times, s.7.
  • (1919, 16 Mayıs). Greek Landing at Smyrna, Athens Demonstrations. The Times, s.36.
  • (1919, 18 Temmuz). Greece and Italy, Territorial Readjustments in Smyrna Region. Manchester Evening News, s.2.
  • (1919, 19 Mayıs). How Allies will Divide the Turkish Territory. The Daily Herald, s.3.
  • (1919, 19 Mayıs). The Distribution of Turkey. The Guardian, s.7.
  • (1919, 2 Aralık). Greek Control of Aidin. The Evening Chronicle, s.8.
  • (1919, 2 Nisan). Greece in Asia Minor, Her Claim to Supersede Turkish Rule. The Times, s.7.
  • (1919, 20 Haziran). Greek and Italian Areas in Asia Minor. The Times, s.11.
  • (1919, 21 Mart). Extermination of Greeks, A Turkish Plot Revealed. The Times, s.9.
  • (1919, 21 Nisan). Greece in Asia Minor, Dr. Burrows’ Reply to the Editor of the Times. The Times, s.6.
  • (1919, 22 Ağustos). Affairs in Anatolia, Mustapha Pasha’s Rebellion Against the Government. The Gloucestershire Echo, s.4.
  • (1919, 23 Ocak). Railways in Near East, Taken Over by the French and British. The North Star, s.1.
  • (1919, 24 Haziran). Serious Situation in Asia Minor, Big Turkish Forces Threaten to Oust the Greeks. The Newcastle Daily Chronicle, s.7.
  • (1919, 24 Haziran). Turks and Greeks, War in Asia Minor. The Daily Telegraph, s.12.
  • (1919, 24 Temmuz). From Our Parliamentary Representatives. The Evening Standard, s.8.
  • (1919, 24 Temmuz). The Position in the Aidin Area. The Midland Daily Telegraph, s.3.
  • (1919, 25 Temmuz). House of Commons. The Daily Telegraph, s.8.
  • (1919, 26 Mart). Ottoman Railway from Smyrna to Aidin. Citizen, s.6.
  • (1919, 26 Temmuz). Greek Atrocities, Complaints by the Turks. Lincolnshire Echo, s.3.
  • (1919, 27 Haziran). The Greeks in Smyrna. The Guardian, s.6.
  • (1919, 28 Mayıs). Greeks in Smyrna, New District Occupied by the Troops. Birmingham Gazette, s.1.
  • (1919, 28 Mayıs). Italian Withdrawal. The Times, s.14.
  • (1919, 29 Mayıs). Position in Smyrna. Birmingham Gazette, s.1.
  • (1919, 29 Temmuz). Greeks Massacred, Houses Fired and People Burnt to Death. The Evening Chronicle, s.4.
  • (1919, 29 Temmuz). Turks Detain a British Mission. The Guardian, s.7.
  • (1919, 3 Şubat). Claims of Greece, Appeal to the Conference. The Times, s.12.
  • (1919, 3 Temmuz). Greeks Attacked in Aidin, Turkish Bombardement. The Guardian, s.8.
  • (1919, 3 Temmuz). Unrest in Asia Minor, Turks Driven from Aidin. The Leicester Mail, s.1.
  • (1919, 30 Mayıs). Greeks Occupy Magnesia. Manchester Evening News, s.5.
  • (1919, 30 Mayıs). The Baghdad Railway. The Times, s.14.
  • (1919, 31 Mayıs). Greek Advance in Asia Minor. The Times, s.14.
  • (1919, 4 Haziran). The Greek Operations. Western Evening Herald, s.1.
  • (1919, 5 Ağustos). Turco-Greek Skirmishes. The Times, s.10.
  • (1919, 5 Temmuz). The Turkish Attacks in Asia Minor, Greeks Driven from Aidin. The Guardian, s.6.
  • (1919, 6 Aralık). Turkish Nationalists in Asia Minor, Threats to the Entente. The Guardian, s.12.
  • (1919, 8 Temmuz). Order Restored at Aidin. The Times, s.14.
  • (1920, 12 Mayıs). The Turkish Treaty. The Times, s.17.
  • (1920, 15 Temmuz). A Vicious Circle. The Daily Telegraph, s.10.
  • (1920, 18 Mart). The Inter-Allied Report. The Guardian, s.6.
  • (1920, 18 Şubat). Near Eastern Problems for London. The Guardian, s.8.
  • (1920, 20 Şubat). Greek Claims in Asia Minor, Committee Appointed. The Times, s.14.
  • (1920, 24 Şubat). Message from Aidin, Mussulman Appeal for Greek Rule. The Guardian, s.8.
  • (1920, 25 Nisan). Turkey Still Master. The Sunday Sun, s.1.
  • (1920, 25 Şubat). Greek Claims Before Allied Council, The Case for Smyrna. The Guardian, s.10.
  • (1920, 27 Mart). Moslem Refugees in Smyrna, Mr. Ameer Ali’s Appeal. The Guardian, s.8.
  • (1920, 5 Temmuz). A Clash Between Allies, Italians and Greeks Fight. The Western Evening Herald, s.3.
  • (1920, 8 Temmuz). Greeks Capture a Town. The Times, s.13.
  • (1920, 9 Mart). Greek Crusade in Asia Minor, Danger of New Turkish War Nearer, Defenseless Civilians Massacred. Daily Herald, s.1.
  • (1921, 15 Temmuz). The Distressed Refugees in Constantinople. The Guardian, s.8.
  • (1922, 11 Eylül). Greek Debacle, Army out of Hand. The Daily Telegraph, s.9.
  • (1922, 11 Eylül). Inutiles massacres. Le Petit Parisien, s.3.
  • (1922, 12 Eylül). Foreign. The Daily Telegraph, s.10.
  • (1922, 13 Eylül). Greek Cowards, Tales of Horror. Taunton Courier, s.1.
  • (1922, 15 Eylül). The Greek Withdrawal. The Staffordshire Sentinel, s.3.
  • (1922, 25 Mart). Greeks to Leave Asia Minor, Britain’s Policy Reversed. Daily Herald, s.3.
  • (1922, 26 Nisan). Blazed Trail of Greeks in Anatolia. The Guardian, s.5.
  • (1922, 27 Eylül). Greek Excesses, Lord St. Davids Condemns Government Policy. The Western Morning News, s.5.
  • (1922, 7 Eylül). The Greek Disaster. The Devon and Exeter Daily Gazette, s.6.
  • (1922, 9 Eylül). Demand for Surrender, Turkish Commander’s Message to Smyrna Forces. Liverpool Post and Mercury, s.7.
  • (1922, Eylül 21). Deportation of Christians Ordered. The Guardian, s.7.
  • A. Beaumont, (1921, 11 Temmuz). Turco-Greek War, Kemalist Activity. The Daily Telegraph, s.12.
  • Aker, M. Ş. (2006). 57 nci Tümen ve Aydın Millî Mücadelesi (1918-1920), Ankara: ATASE Yayınları.
  • Atatürk, K. (1927). Nutuk, Ankara...........................
  • Aydınel, Ş. (2007). “Kuva-yı Milliye ve Yörük Ali Efe” Millî Mücadele’de Aydın Sancağı ve Yörük Ali Efe, Ed. Günver Güneş-Mehmet Başaran, Aydın: Aydın Belediyesi.
  • Bayar, C. (1997). Ben de Yazdım, Millî Mücadeleye Gidiş, C.6, İstanbul: Sabah.
  • Demirayak, S. (2007). Kuvâ-yı Milliye’nin Aydın’da Doğuşu, Aydın: Tuna Matbaacılık.
  • Documents on British Foreign Policy 1919-1939, First Series, Volume XV, International Conferences and Conversations 1921, Ed. Rohan Butler-J. P. T. Bury, Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London 1967, 177.
  • Gökbel, A. (2018). Millî Mücadele’de Aydın, Efeler: Efeler Belediyesi Yayınları.
  • Great Britain, Naval Intelligence Division, A Handbook of Asia Minor, Vol. I, Naval Staff, Intelligence Department, London 1919, s.295.
  • John Clayton, “Hideous Atrocities” The Daily Telegraph, London, September 12, 1922, p.11.
  • Karal, E. Z. (1996). Osmanlı Tarihi, İkinci Meşrutiyet ve Birinci Dünya Savaşı (1908-1918), Ankara: TTK Yayınları.
  • Özkaya, Y. (2001). Millî Mücadelede Ege ve Çevresi II, İstanbul: Çağdaş Matbaacılık.
  • Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, 1922, “The Consul General Smyrna Horton to the Acting Secretary of State” Telegram: 767.68/274, September 2, 1922, Smyrna.
  • Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, 1922, “The High Commissioner at Constantinople Bristol to the Acting Secretary of State” Telegram: 767.68/297, September 9, 1922, Constantinople.
  • Turan, M. (2014). Yunan Mezalimi (İzmir, Aydın, Manisa, Denizli 1919-1923), Ankara: Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Yayınları.

İNGİLİZ BASININDA MİLLÎ MÜCADELE DÖNEMİNDE AYDIN

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 62 Sayı: 2, 1187 - 1210, 20.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.33171/dtcfjournal.2022.62.2.15

Öz

Bu çalışmada İngiliz basınındaki haber ve yazılardan faydalanılarak Millî Mücadele dönemi boyunca Aydın’daki gelişmeler değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı, bir müttefik devlet olan Yunanistan’ın Aydın ve çevresindeki işgal faaliyetlerinin başka bir müttefik devlet olan İngiltere basını tarafından okuyucuya sunuş şeklinin ortaya çıkarılmasıdır. Yunan ordusunun Aydın ve çevresindeki işgal faaliyetleri İngiliz basını tarafından dikkatle takip edilmiş ve konu ile ilgili basında çokça haber ve makalenin yer aldığı tespit edilmiştir. İngiliz basınının bölgedeki Yunan işgalini sıkıca takip etmiş olmasının başlıca sebebi bölgedeki yoğun İngiliz ekonomik faaliyetleri olup İngiliz basınında sık olarak Yunan işgallerinin İngiliz çıkarlarına etkisi sorgulanmıştır. Böyle olmakla birlikte bu durum İngiliz basını vasıtasıyla Yunan işgaline dair önemli bilgilerin okuyucuya duyurulmasına sebep olmuştur. Bugüne dek böyle bir çalışmanın yapılmamış olması bu araştırmanın yapılmasının temel motivasyon kaynağı olmuştur. Bu araştırmada karşılaştırmalı analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Buna göre öncelikle araştırılan konu ile ilgili olan haber ve yazılar tespit edilmiştir. Ardından objektiflik ilkesi esas alınarak ilgili haber ve yazılar tasnif edildikten sonra değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Son aşamada değerlendirilmesine karar verilen haber ve yazıların içeriği yerli kaynaklardaki bilgiler ile kıyaslandıktan sonra araştırma kapsamına alınmıştır. Propaganda amaçlı yazıldığı ve gerçeklerle bağdaşmadığı açık bir şekilde tespit edilebilmiş olan haber ve yazılar araştırma kapsamının dışında tutulmuştur. Çalışmanın en önemli bulguları, Yunan ordusu tarafından Aydın ve çevresinde işlenmiş olan insanlık dışı suçlar ile ağır katliamların İngiliz basınında yer almış olması ve bölgede Yunanlıların istenmediklerinin açıkça belirtilmiş olmasıdır.

Kaynakça

  • (1919, 1 Temmuz). The Turkish Settlement. The Guardian, s.6.
  • (1919, 10 Temmuz). Turkish Irregulars in Asia Minor. The Guardian, s.8.
  • (1919, 11 Eylül). Turks Cause Trouble, Active Warfare Between Greeks and Turks. The Evening Standard, s.2.
  • (1919, 13 Kasım). The Smyrna Hinterland, Boundary Provisionally Fixed. The Gloucestershire Echo, s.4.
  • (1919, 14 Mart). Turkish Arrogance, Christians Forcibly Enlisted. The Western Daily Press, s.6.
  • (1919, 15 Mart). Turks in Arms Again. The Leicester Daily Mercury, s.7.
  • (1919, 15 Ocak). The Claims of Greece, Interview with M. Venizelos, Near Eastern Problems. The Times, s.7.
  • (1919, 16 Mayıs). Greek Landing at Smyrna, Athens Demonstrations. The Times, s.36.
  • (1919, 18 Temmuz). Greece and Italy, Territorial Readjustments in Smyrna Region. Manchester Evening News, s.2.
  • (1919, 19 Mayıs). How Allies will Divide the Turkish Territory. The Daily Herald, s.3.
  • (1919, 19 Mayıs). The Distribution of Turkey. The Guardian, s.7.
  • (1919, 2 Aralık). Greek Control of Aidin. The Evening Chronicle, s.8.
  • (1919, 2 Nisan). Greece in Asia Minor, Her Claim to Supersede Turkish Rule. The Times, s.7.
  • (1919, 20 Haziran). Greek and Italian Areas in Asia Minor. The Times, s.11.
  • (1919, 21 Mart). Extermination of Greeks, A Turkish Plot Revealed. The Times, s.9.
  • (1919, 21 Nisan). Greece in Asia Minor, Dr. Burrows’ Reply to the Editor of the Times. The Times, s.6.
  • (1919, 22 Ağustos). Affairs in Anatolia, Mustapha Pasha’s Rebellion Against the Government. The Gloucestershire Echo, s.4.
  • (1919, 23 Ocak). Railways in Near East, Taken Over by the French and British. The North Star, s.1.
  • (1919, 24 Haziran). Serious Situation in Asia Minor, Big Turkish Forces Threaten to Oust the Greeks. The Newcastle Daily Chronicle, s.7.
  • (1919, 24 Haziran). Turks and Greeks, War in Asia Minor. The Daily Telegraph, s.12.
  • (1919, 24 Temmuz). From Our Parliamentary Representatives. The Evening Standard, s.8.
  • (1919, 24 Temmuz). The Position in the Aidin Area. The Midland Daily Telegraph, s.3.
  • (1919, 25 Temmuz). House of Commons. The Daily Telegraph, s.8.
  • (1919, 26 Mart). Ottoman Railway from Smyrna to Aidin. Citizen, s.6.
  • (1919, 26 Temmuz). Greek Atrocities, Complaints by the Turks. Lincolnshire Echo, s.3.
  • (1919, 27 Haziran). The Greeks in Smyrna. The Guardian, s.6.
  • (1919, 28 Mayıs). Greeks in Smyrna, New District Occupied by the Troops. Birmingham Gazette, s.1.
  • (1919, 28 Mayıs). Italian Withdrawal. The Times, s.14.
  • (1919, 29 Mayıs). Position in Smyrna. Birmingham Gazette, s.1.
  • (1919, 29 Temmuz). Greeks Massacred, Houses Fired and People Burnt to Death. The Evening Chronicle, s.4.
  • (1919, 29 Temmuz). Turks Detain a British Mission. The Guardian, s.7.
  • (1919, 3 Şubat). Claims of Greece, Appeal to the Conference. The Times, s.12.
  • (1919, 3 Temmuz). Greeks Attacked in Aidin, Turkish Bombardement. The Guardian, s.8.
  • (1919, 3 Temmuz). Unrest in Asia Minor, Turks Driven from Aidin. The Leicester Mail, s.1.
  • (1919, 30 Mayıs). Greeks Occupy Magnesia. Manchester Evening News, s.5.
  • (1919, 30 Mayıs). The Baghdad Railway. The Times, s.14.
  • (1919, 31 Mayıs). Greek Advance in Asia Minor. The Times, s.14.
  • (1919, 4 Haziran). The Greek Operations. Western Evening Herald, s.1.
  • (1919, 5 Ağustos). Turco-Greek Skirmishes. The Times, s.10.
  • (1919, 5 Temmuz). The Turkish Attacks in Asia Minor, Greeks Driven from Aidin. The Guardian, s.6.
  • (1919, 6 Aralık). Turkish Nationalists in Asia Minor, Threats to the Entente. The Guardian, s.12.
  • (1919, 8 Temmuz). Order Restored at Aidin. The Times, s.14.
  • (1920, 12 Mayıs). The Turkish Treaty. The Times, s.17.
  • (1920, 15 Temmuz). A Vicious Circle. The Daily Telegraph, s.10.
  • (1920, 18 Mart). The Inter-Allied Report. The Guardian, s.6.
  • (1920, 18 Şubat). Near Eastern Problems for London. The Guardian, s.8.
  • (1920, 20 Şubat). Greek Claims in Asia Minor, Committee Appointed. The Times, s.14.
  • (1920, 24 Şubat). Message from Aidin, Mussulman Appeal for Greek Rule. The Guardian, s.8.
  • (1920, 25 Nisan). Turkey Still Master. The Sunday Sun, s.1.
  • (1920, 25 Şubat). Greek Claims Before Allied Council, The Case for Smyrna. The Guardian, s.10.
  • (1920, 27 Mart). Moslem Refugees in Smyrna, Mr. Ameer Ali’s Appeal. The Guardian, s.8.
  • (1920, 5 Temmuz). A Clash Between Allies, Italians and Greeks Fight. The Western Evening Herald, s.3.
  • (1920, 8 Temmuz). Greeks Capture a Town. The Times, s.13.
  • (1920, 9 Mart). Greek Crusade in Asia Minor, Danger of New Turkish War Nearer, Defenseless Civilians Massacred. Daily Herald, s.1.
  • (1921, 15 Temmuz). The Distressed Refugees in Constantinople. The Guardian, s.8.
  • (1922, 11 Eylül). Greek Debacle, Army out of Hand. The Daily Telegraph, s.9.
  • (1922, 11 Eylül). Inutiles massacres. Le Petit Parisien, s.3.
  • (1922, 12 Eylül). Foreign. The Daily Telegraph, s.10.
  • (1922, 13 Eylül). Greek Cowards, Tales of Horror. Taunton Courier, s.1.
  • (1922, 15 Eylül). The Greek Withdrawal. The Staffordshire Sentinel, s.3.
  • (1922, 25 Mart). Greeks to Leave Asia Minor, Britain’s Policy Reversed. Daily Herald, s.3.
  • (1922, 26 Nisan). Blazed Trail of Greeks in Anatolia. The Guardian, s.5.
  • (1922, 27 Eylül). Greek Excesses, Lord St. Davids Condemns Government Policy. The Western Morning News, s.5.
  • (1922, 7 Eylül). The Greek Disaster. The Devon and Exeter Daily Gazette, s.6.
  • (1922, 9 Eylül). Demand for Surrender, Turkish Commander’s Message to Smyrna Forces. Liverpool Post and Mercury, s.7.
  • (1922, Eylül 21). Deportation of Christians Ordered. The Guardian, s.7.
  • A. Beaumont, (1921, 11 Temmuz). Turco-Greek War, Kemalist Activity. The Daily Telegraph, s.12.
  • Aker, M. Ş. (2006). 57 nci Tümen ve Aydın Millî Mücadelesi (1918-1920), Ankara: ATASE Yayınları.
  • Atatürk, K. (1927). Nutuk, Ankara...........................
  • Aydınel, Ş. (2007). “Kuva-yı Milliye ve Yörük Ali Efe” Millî Mücadele’de Aydın Sancağı ve Yörük Ali Efe, Ed. Günver Güneş-Mehmet Başaran, Aydın: Aydın Belediyesi.
  • Bayar, C. (1997). Ben de Yazdım, Millî Mücadeleye Gidiş, C.6, İstanbul: Sabah.
  • Demirayak, S. (2007). Kuvâ-yı Milliye’nin Aydın’da Doğuşu, Aydın: Tuna Matbaacılık.
  • Documents on British Foreign Policy 1919-1939, First Series, Volume XV, International Conferences and Conversations 1921, Ed. Rohan Butler-J. P. T. Bury, Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London 1967, 177.
  • Gökbel, A. (2018). Millî Mücadele’de Aydın, Efeler: Efeler Belediyesi Yayınları.
  • Great Britain, Naval Intelligence Division, A Handbook of Asia Minor, Vol. I, Naval Staff, Intelligence Department, London 1919, s.295.
  • John Clayton, “Hideous Atrocities” The Daily Telegraph, London, September 12, 1922, p.11.
  • Karal, E. Z. (1996). Osmanlı Tarihi, İkinci Meşrutiyet ve Birinci Dünya Savaşı (1908-1918), Ankara: TTK Yayınları.
  • Özkaya, Y. (2001). Millî Mücadelede Ege ve Çevresi II, İstanbul: Çağdaş Matbaacılık.
  • Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, 1922, “The Consul General Smyrna Horton to the Acting Secretary of State” Telegram: 767.68/274, September 2, 1922, Smyrna.
  • Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, 1922, “The High Commissioner at Constantinople Bristol to the Acting Secretary of State” Telegram: 767.68/297, September 9, 1922, Constantinople.
  • Turan, M. (2014). Yunan Mezalimi (İzmir, Aydın, Manisa, Denizli 1919-1923), Ankara: Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Yayınları.
Toplam 81 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Mekki Uludağ 0000-0001-6557-7917

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 15 Aralık 2022
Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Aralık 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 27 Eylül 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 62 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Uludağ, M. (2022). İNGİLİZ BASININDA MİLLÎ MÜCADELE DÖNEMİNDE AYDIN. Ankara Üniversitesi Dil Ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, 62(2), 1187-1210. https://doi.org/10.33171/dtcfjournal.2022.62.2.15

Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi

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