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Türkiye’de Enerji Yoksulluğu ve Enerji Tercihi Profili

Yıl 2015, Sayı: 608, 9 - 21, 01.10.2015

Öz

Temiz, yeterli ve ekonomik modern enerji kaynaklarına ulaşım ile yoksulluk arasında bir ilişki söz konusudur. Düşük gelir seviyelerine sahip olan insanların modern enerji kaynaklarına ulaşmaları mümkün değildir. Hükümetlerin etkin ve adil enerji politikaları oluşturma konusundaki yetersizlikleri kaliteli enerji tüketimini engellemektedir. Yoksulların yaşam standartlarının artmasında en önemli unsurlardan biri modern enerji kaynaklarına ulaşımlarıdır. Bu kapsamda hükümetlerin geliştireceği enerji politikaları ile hanelere, iyileştirilmiş yemek pişirme imkânları, sağlıklı ısınma ve aydınlatma gibi modern enerji hizmetlerinin etkin olarak sunulması kişilerin refah seviyesini artıracaktır. Bu çalışmanın amacı hanelerin enerji tercihlerini belirleyen faktörleri incelemektir. Böylece odun, kömür, elektrik, doğal gaz, tezek ve diğer enerji tercihlerindeki kır-kent farklılıkları, hanelerin demografik özellikleri ile birlikte ele alınacaktır. Kurulan ekonometrik modeller ile Türkiye’nin enerji tercih profili çıkartılarak, enerji yoksulluğuna neden olan başat değişkenler belirlenecektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda 2012 TÜİK “Hanehalkı Bütçe Anketi” verilerinden faydalanılmıştır

Kaynakça

  • BARNES, F. Douglas., Shahidur R. KHANDKER and Hussain A. SAMAD; (2011), “Energy Poverty in Rural Bangladesh”, En- ergy Policy, 39(2), pp. 894-904.
  • BOARDMAN, Brenda; (2010), Fixing Fuel Poverty-Challenges and Solutions, Earthscan Publishing, UK.
  • CHENG, Simon and J. Scott LONG; (2007), “Testing For IIA in the Multinomial Logit Model”, Sociological Methods and Re- search, 35, pp. 583–600.
  • COULTER, A. E. Fiona, A. Frank COWELL and Stephen P. JENKINS; (1992), “Differences in Needs and Assessment of
  • Income Distributions” Bulletion of Economic Research, 44(2), pp. 77-124. DEVOS, Klaas and M. Asghar ZAIDI; (1997), “Equivalence
  • Scale Sensivity of Poverty Statistics for the Member States of the European Community”, Review of Income and Wealth, (3), pp. 319-333. EC; (2010), An Energy Policy For Consumers, Commission
  • Working Paper, Brussels, https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ ener/files/documents/sec(2010)1407_0.pdf, (14.10.2015).
  • FARSI, Mehdi, Massimo FILIPPINI and Shonali PACHAURI; (2007), “Fuel Choices in Urban Indian Households”, Environ- ment and Development Economics, 12, pp. 757–774.
  • FOSTER, Vivien, Jean-Philippe TRE, Quentin WODON; (2000), “Energy Prices, Energy Efficiency, And Fuel Pov- erty”, World Bank, http://info.worldbank.org/etools/docs/vod- docs/240/502/Gua_price.pdf, (12.10.2015).
  • GROH, Sebastian; (2014), “The role of energy in development processes—The energy poverty penalty: Case study of Areq- uipa (Peru)”, Energy For Sustainable Development, 18, pp. 99.
  • HAUSMAN, Jerry and Daniel MCFADDEN; (1984), “Specifi- cation Tests for the Multinomial Logit Model”, Econometrica, (5), pp. 1219-1240.
  • IEA; (2002), World Energy Outlook 2002, OECD/IEA, Paris
  • IEA, UNDP, UNIDO, (2010), “Energy Poverty How to Make
  • Modern Energy Access Universal?”, Special Early Excerpt of the Wold Energy Outlook 2010 for the UN General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals, OECD/IEA.
  • IEA; (2012), World Energy Outlook 2012, OECD/IEA, Paris
  • JAIN, Garima; (2010), “Alleviating energy poverty: Indian Expe- rience”, Regulatory Studies and Governance Division. The En- ergy and Resources Institute, http://www.indiaenergycongress. in/montreal/library/pdf/319.pdf, (11.10.2015).
  • JOHANSSON, Thomas B., Anand PATWARDHAN, Nebojsa NAKICENOVIC, Luis GOMEZ-ECHEVERRI, (Eds); (2012)
  • Global Energy Assesment: Toward a Sustainable Future, GEA, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK. KANAGAWA, Makato and Toshihiko NAKATA; (2007), “Analy- sis of the Energy Access Improvement and Its Socio-Economic
  • Impacts in Rural Areas of Developing Countries”, Ecological Economics, 62(2), pp. 319-329. MODI, Vijay, Susan MCDADE, Dominique LALLEMENT and Jamal SAGHIR; (2005), “Energy Services for the Millennium
  • Development Goals”, http://www.unmillenniumproject.org/doc- uments/MP_Energy_Low_Res.pdf, (06.05.2015).
  • MOISIO, Pasi; (2004), “Poverty Dynamics According to Direct
  • Indirect and Subjective Measures”, Helsinki: Stakes Research Paper 145. OECD; (2008), “Child Poverty”, http://www.oecd.org/els/soc/
  • CO2_2_Child_Poverty.pdf, (02.05.2014).
  • ÖZCAN, M. Kıvılcım, Emrah GÜLAY ve Şenay ÜÇDOĞRUK; (2013), “Economic and Demographic Determinants of House- hold Energy Use in Turkey”, Energy Policy, 60, pp. 550-557.
  • PACHAURI, Shonali, A. MULLER, Andreas KEMMLER and Daniel SPRENG; (2004), “On Measuring Energy Poverty in In- dian Households”, World Development, 32(12), pp. 2083-2104.
  • PRADHAN, Menno and Martin RAVALLION; (1998), “Measur- ing Poverty Using Qualitative Perceptions of Welfare”, The World Bank Development Research Group Poverty And Hu- man Resources, Policy Research Working Paper, No: 2011.
  • RAO, M. Narasimha and B. Sudhakara REDDY; (2007), “Varia- tions In Energy Use by Indian Households: An Analysis of Mi- cro Level Data”, Energy, 32(2), pp. 143–153.
  • REDDY, K. N. Amuly; (2000), “Energy and Social Issues”
  • World Energy Assessment: Energy and The Challenge of Sus- tainability, pp. 39-61, UNDP, New York. RITCHIE, J. R. Brent., Gordon H. G. MCDOUGALL and John D. CLAXTON; (1981), “Complexities of Household Energy
  • Consumption And Conservation”, Journal of Consumer Re- search, 8(3), pp. 233–242. SAGHIR, Jamal; (2005), “Energy and Poverty: Myths, Links and Policy Issues”, Energy And Mining Sector Board, The World Bank Group, Energy Working Notes, No: 4, http://sitere- sources.worldbank.org/INTENERGY/Resources/EnergyWork- ingNotes_4.pdf, (06.04.2015).
  • TENNAKOON, Dhanushka; (2009), Energy poverty: Estimat- ing the level of energy poverty in Sri Lanka. Practical Action
  • Intermediate Technology Development Group. United Nations, https://practicalaction.org/media/download/7091,(11.10.2015).
  • TÜSİAD; (2000), “Türkiye'de Bireysel Gelir Dağılımı ve Yoksulluk/Avrupa Birliği ile Karşılaştırma”,Yayın No: TÜSİAD-T/2000-12/295.
  • TÜSİAD; (2013), “World Energy Outlook 2013”, TÜSİAD ve Sabancı Üniversitesi IICEC İşbirliği İle Türkiye Tanıtımı, Yayın
  • No: TÜSİAD T2013/12/544, http://www.tusiad.org.tr/__rsc/ shared/file/WORLD-ENERGY-2013.pdf, (10.05.2015)
  • UNDP; (2000), World Energy Assessment: Energy and the Challenge of Sustainability, New York.

Energy Poverty and Energy Choice Profile in Turkey

Yıl 2015, Sayı: 608, 9 - 21, 01.10.2015

Öz

There is a relationship between poverty and access to modern energy sources which are clean, sufficient and economic. People with low income levels are not able to reach modern energy resources. Inability of the goverment to create effective and fair energy policies is preventing the consumption of high quality energy. Access to modern energy resources is one of the important factors creating an increase in poor people's standard of life. In this context, welfare will increase through the provision of modern energy resources such as improved cooking facilities, healthy heating and lightening to households with energy policies developed by the government. The aim of this study is to determine the factors of energy choices of households. Indeed, urban-rural differences among wood, coal, electricity, natural gas, dung and other energy choices are discussed with demographic characteristics of households. Primary variables causing energy poverty will be determined by constituting energy profile of Turkey with founded econometric models. We use 2012 TÜİK ‘Household Budget Survey’ to estimate the econometric models

Kaynakça

  • BARNES, F. Douglas., Shahidur R. KHANDKER and Hussain A. SAMAD; (2011), “Energy Poverty in Rural Bangladesh”, En- ergy Policy, 39(2), pp. 894-904.
  • BOARDMAN, Brenda; (2010), Fixing Fuel Poverty-Challenges and Solutions, Earthscan Publishing, UK.
  • CHENG, Simon and J. Scott LONG; (2007), “Testing For IIA in the Multinomial Logit Model”, Sociological Methods and Re- search, 35, pp. 583–600.
  • COULTER, A. E. Fiona, A. Frank COWELL and Stephen P. JENKINS; (1992), “Differences in Needs and Assessment of
  • Income Distributions” Bulletion of Economic Research, 44(2), pp. 77-124. DEVOS, Klaas and M. Asghar ZAIDI; (1997), “Equivalence
  • Scale Sensivity of Poverty Statistics for the Member States of the European Community”, Review of Income and Wealth, (3), pp. 319-333. EC; (2010), An Energy Policy For Consumers, Commission
  • Working Paper, Brussels, https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ ener/files/documents/sec(2010)1407_0.pdf, (14.10.2015).
  • FARSI, Mehdi, Massimo FILIPPINI and Shonali PACHAURI; (2007), “Fuel Choices in Urban Indian Households”, Environ- ment and Development Economics, 12, pp. 757–774.
  • FOSTER, Vivien, Jean-Philippe TRE, Quentin WODON; (2000), “Energy Prices, Energy Efficiency, And Fuel Pov- erty”, World Bank, http://info.worldbank.org/etools/docs/vod- docs/240/502/Gua_price.pdf, (12.10.2015).
  • GROH, Sebastian; (2014), “The role of energy in development processes—The energy poverty penalty: Case study of Areq- uipa (Peru)”, Energy For Sustainable Development, 18, pp. 99.
  • HAUSMAN, Jerry and Daniel MCFADDEN; (1984), “Specifi- cation Tests for the Multinomial Logit Model”, Econometrica, (5), pp. 1219-1240.
  • IEA; (2002), World Energy Outlook 2002, OECD/IEA, Paris
  • IEA, UNDP, UNIDO, (2010), “Energy Poverty How to Make
  • Modern Energy Access Universal?”, Special Early Excerpt of the Wold Energy Outlook 2010 for the UN General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals, OECD/IEA.
  • IEA; (2012), World Energy Outlook 2012, OECD/IEA, Paris
  • JAIN, Garima; (2010), “Alleviating energy poverty: Indian Expe- rience”, Regulatory Studies and Governance Division. The En- ergy and Resources Institute, http://www.indiaenergycongress. in/montreal/library/pdf/319.pdf, (11.10.2015).
  • JOHANSSON, Thomas B., Anand PATWARDHAN, Nebojsa NAKICENOVIC, Luis GOMEZ-ECHEVERRI, (Eds); (2012)
  • Global Energy Assesment: Toward a Sustainable Future, GEA, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK. KANAGAWA, Makato and Toshihiko NAKATA; (2007), “Analy- sis of the Energy Access Improvement and Its Socio-Economic
  • Impacts in Rural Areas of Developing Countries”, Ecological Economics, 62(2), pp. 319-329. MODI, Vijay, Susan MCDADE, Dominique LALLEMENT and Jamal SAGHIR; (2005), “Energy Services for the Millennium
  • Development Goals”, http://www.unmillenniumproject.org/doc- uments/MP_Energy_Low_Res.pdf, (06.05.2015).
  • MOISIO, Pasi; (2004), “Poverty Dynamics According to Direct
  • Indirect and Subjective Measures”, Helsinki: Stakes Research Paper 145. OECD; (2008), “Child Poverty”, http://www.oecd.org/els/soc/
  • CO2_2_Child_Poverty.pdf, (02.05.2014).
  • ÖZCAN, M. Kıvılcım, Emrah GÜLAY ve Şenay ÜÇDOĞRUK; (2013), “Economic and Demographic Determinants of House- hold Energy Use in Turkey”, Energy Policy, 60, pp. 550-557.
  • PACHAURI, Shonali, A. MULLER, Andreas KEMMLER and Daniel SPRENG; (2004), “On Measuring Energy Poverty in In- dian Households”, World Development, 32(12), pp. 2083-2104.
  • PRADHAN, Menno and Martin RAVALLION; (1998), “Measur- ing Poverty Using Qualitative Perceptions of Welfare”, The World Bank Development Research Group Poverty And Hu- man Resources, Policy Research Working Paper, No: 2011.
  • RAO, M. Narasimha and B. Sudhakara REDDY; (2007), “Varia- tions In Energy Use by Indian Households: An Analysis of Mi- cro Level Data”, Energy, 32(2), pp. 143–153.
  • REDDY, K. N. Amuly; (2000), “Energy and Social Issues”
  • World Energy Assessment: Energy and The Challenge of Sus- tainability, pp. 39-61, UNDP, New York. RITCHIE, J. R. Brent., Gordon H. G. MCDOUGALL and John D. CLAXTON; (1981), “Complexities of Household Energy
  • Consumption And Conservation”, Journal of Consumer Re- search, 8(3), pp. 233–242. SAGHIR, Jamal; (2005), “Energy and Poverty: Myths, Links and Policy Issues”, Energy And Mining Sector Board, The World Bank Group, Energy Working Notes, No: 4, http://sitere- sources.worldbank.org/INTENERGY/Resources/EnergyWork- ingNotes_4.pdf, (06.04.2015).
  • TENNAKOON, Dhanushka; (2009), Energy poverty: Estimat- ing the level of energy poverty in Sri Lanka. Practical Action
  • Intermediate Technology Development Group. United Nations, https://practicalaction.org/media/download/7091,(11.10.2015).
  • TÜSİAD; (2000), “Türkiye'de Bireysel Gelir Dağılımı ve Yoksulluk/Avrupa Birliği ile Karşılaştırma”,Yayın No: TÜSİAD-T/2000-12/295.
  • TÜSİAD; (2013), “World Energy Outlook 2013”, TÜSİAD ve Sabancı Üniversitesi IICEC İşbirliği İle Türkiye Tanıtımı, Yayın
  • No: TÜSİAD T2013/12/544, http://www.tusiad.org.tr/__rsc/ shared/file/WORLD-ENERGY-2013.pdf, (10.05.2015)
  • UNDP; (2000), World Energy Assessment: Energy and the Challenge of Sustainability, New York.
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Hamdi Emeç

Asuman Altay

Esin Aslanpay Bu kişi benim

M.ozan Özdemir

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ekim 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Sayı: 608

Kaynak Göster

APA Emeç, H., Altay, A., Aslanpay, E., Özdemir, M. (2015). Türkiye’de Enerji Yoksulluğu ve Enerji Tercihi Profili. Finans Politik Ve Ekonomik Yorumlar(608), 9-21.
AMA Emeç H, Altay A, Aslanpay E, Özdemir M. Türkiye’de Enerji Yoksulluğu ve Enerji Tercihi Profili. FPEYD. Ekim 2015;(608):9-21.
Chicago Emeç, Hamdi, Asuman Altay, Esin Aslanpay, ve M.ozan Özdemir. “Türkiye’de Enerji Yoksulluğu Ve Enerji Tercihi Profili”. Finans Politik Ve Ekonomik Yorumlar, sy. 608 (Ekim 2015): 9-21.
EndNote Emeç H, Altay A, Aslanpay E, Özdemir M (01 Ekim 2015) Türkiye’de Enerji Yoksulluğu ve Enerji Tercihi Profili. Finans Politik ve Ekonomik Yorumlar 608 9–21.
IEEE H. Emeç, A. Altay, E. Aslanpay, ve M. Özdemir, “Türkiye’de Enerji Yoksulluğu ve Enerji Tercihi Profili”, FPEYD, sy. 608, ss. 9–21, Ekim 2015.
ISNAD Emeç, Hamdi vd. “Türkiye’de Enerji Yoksulluğu Ve Enerji Tercihi Profili”. Finans Politik ve Ekonomik Yorumlar 608 (Ekim 2015), 9-21.
JAMA Emeç H, Altay A, Aslanpay E, Özdemir M. Türkiye’de Enerji Yoksulluğu ve Enerji Tercihi Profili. FPEYD. 2015;:9–21.
MLA Emeç, Hamdi vd. “Türkiye’de Enerji Yoksulluğu Ve Enerji Tercihi Profili”. Finans Politik Ve Ekonomik Yorumlar, sy. 608, 2015, ss. 9-21.
Vancouver Emeç H, Altay A, Aslanpay E, Özdemir M. Türkiye’de Enerji Yoksulluğu ve Enerji Tercihi Profili. FPEYD. 2015(608):9-21.