Gazi Türkiyat

Öz

Language is one of the elements that make up the mind, apart from being a tool for transferring what exists in the human mind. Society, language and culture are concepts that cannot be considered independently of each other and affect each other. In this context, language is affected and shaped by all changes and transformations in society. One of the phenomena analysed by sociolinguistics, which examines the different appearances of language in society, is politeness. The fact that the concept of politeness has variables within society, individual, culture and their own variables causes differences in its definition. The expressions of politeness used by individuals and societies give important clues about the way of life, thought and behaviour of both individuals and societies. Idioms, which have an important place in the vocabulary of a language, are stereotyped language units that reflect the society's world of emotion and thought, culture and national language consciousness. These structures, which are shaped within the framework of culture and language of societies and reflected in language units, are the subject of research in different disciplines. One of these disciplines is pragmatics. In this study, politeness expressions in Turkish idioms were investigated. Courtesy expressions used in Turkish idioms provide important information about the social structure of Turkish society as well as cultural phenomena such as the world of thought and belief, values, traditions and customs. In this information, personal preferences of individuals, love, respect, reverence and power have been effective in the selection of expressions of courtesy. In this study, courtesy expressions in Turkish idiom vocabulary were scanned, and the identified courtesy expressions were thematically classified and analysed. The idioms analysed in the study were selected from Ömer Asım Aksoy's Dictionary of Proverbs and Idioms I-II and TDK's Dictionary of Proverbs and Idioms on the internet.
In the study, how the concepts of courtesy and respect, which are a cultural phenomenon, are reflected in idioms, and by determining their meanings, important information about the national values, concepts and thought world of Turkish society has been reached.