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SAVUNMA ALIMLARININ ÜLKE KALKINMASINA ETKİSİ VE ROLÜ

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 309 - 327, 13.11.2019
https://doi.org/10.28956/gbd.646351

Öz

Kamu harcamalarının önemli bir unsuru olan
savunma alımları; yerli ve milli sistemlere ihtiyaç duyulması, teknolojik
altyapı gereksinimi, sektörde istihdam edilenlerin güvenlik gereksinimleri,
üretim hattının sürdürülmesinde ihracata duyulan ihtiyaç, temel tedarikçinin
devlet olması gibi özellikleriyle diğer kamu alımlarından ayrışmaktadır. Ancak
savunma harcamalarının ülke kalkınmasına etkisi diğer alanlarda olduğu gibi talep
veya arz yönlü ekonomik modeller ile tespit edilmektedir. Hâlbuki savunma
alımlarının ülke kalkınmasına etkisi; yarattığı istihdam, ihracat rakamlarına
etkisi, Ar-Ge ve teknolojik altyapıya katkısı bağlamında değerlendirilmelidir.
Savunma alımları ülkenin teknolojik gelişmişliğine bağlı olarak ekonomiyi
olumlu veya olumsuz etkilemektedir. Teknolojik sahiplik düzeyi arttıkça savunma
alımlarının ekonomiye olumlu yansımaları çoğalmaktadır. Diğer taraftan, savunma
tedarik sürelerinin uzaması ise olumlu etkilerin yansımasını geciktirmektedir.
Bu nedenle milli sanayinin gelişmesi ülkelerin sürekli gündeminde yer almaktadır.
Bu doğrultuda sivil ve askeri amaçlı kullanılabilecek dual teknolojilere
ağırlık verilmesi savunma sanayi şirketlerinin rekabet koşullarında
faaliyetlerini sürdürmeleri açısından son derece önemlidir. Bu çerçevede, bu
çalışmada savunma alımlarının ülke kalkınmasındaki rolü savunma tedarik
strateji ve yöntemleri kapsamında ele alınmakta ve bir kısım önerilerde
bulunulmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • ADS (Aerospace Defense Security Space) (2018). UK Defence Outlook 2017, ADS Group, Londra, İngiltere, https://www.adsgroup.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/21/2017/09/DefenceOutlook2017-WebRes.pdf (25.03.2019).
  • AIA (The Aerospace Industries Association of America) (2018). The state of the U.S. Aerospace&Defense Industry Report. Aerospace Industries Association of America, Arlington, VA, ABD.
  • Alexander, W.R.J. (1990). The impact of defence spending on economic growth: A multi sectoral approach to defence spending and economic growth with evidence from developed economies. Defence Economics, 2(1), 39–55.
  • Aye, G.C., Balcılar, M., Dunne, J.P., Gupta, R. ve Eyden, R.V. (2014). Military expenditure, economic growth and structural instability: A case study of South Africa. Defence and Peace Economics, 25(6), 619-633.
  • Bakırtaş, D. ve Aysu, A. (2017). Kurumsal yaklaşım perspektifinden inovasyon ve yenilikçi kamu alımları. Sosyoekonomi, 25(31), 127-147.
  • Biswas, B. ve Ram, R. (1986). Military expenditures and economic growth in less developed countries: An augmented model and further evidence. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 34 (2), 361–372.
  • Chang, H-C, Huang, B-N. ve Yang, C.W. (2011). Military expenditure and economic growth across different groups: A dynamic panel Granger-Causality approach. Economic Modelling, 28(6), 2416-2423.
  • DMO, (2017). Sektör Raporu. https://www.dmo.gov.tr/Files/IcerikYonetimi/ ANKARA/Belgeler/2017%20Y%C4%B1l%C4%B1%20Sekt%C3%B6r%20 Raporu.pdf (25.03.2019)
  • DODI 5000.2 (2008). Operation of the defense acquisition system. ABD Savunma Bakanlığı, Vaşington, ABD.
  • Dunne, J.P. ve Tian, N. (2013). Military expenditure, economic growth and heterogeneity. http://saldru.com.uct.ac.za/bitstream/handle/11090/611/2013_ 95.pdf?sequence=1 (25.03.2019).
  • Eren, H. ve Kılıç, A. (2013). Örgütlerde yenilikçilik ortamı: Özellikli bir sektör olarak savunma sanayiinde durum. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 27(3), 221-244.
  • Fox, J. (2011). Defense acquisition reform, 1960-2009: An elusive goal. U.S. Army, Centre of Military History. Washington D.C.
  • Geroski, P.A. (1990). Procurement policy as a tool of industrial policy. International Review of Applied Economics, Vol 4, 182-198.
  • Gökmenoğlu, K., Taspinar, N. ve Sadeghieh, M. (2015). Military Expenditure and Economic Growth: The Case of Turkey. 16th Annual Conference on Finance and Accounting, Prague.
  • Halıcıoğlu, F. (2007). Defense spending and economic growth in Turkey: An empirical application of new macroeconomic theory. Review of Middle East Economics and Finance, February, 193-201.
  • Harshberger, E.R. ve Russ, S. (1994). Modernizing Air Power Projection capabilities: Looking to Get Moreout of Less in Defense Planning. Davis, P.K. (Ed.), New Challenges for Defense Planning: Rethinking How Much is Enough? RAND, Santa Monica, CA, ABD.
  • Huang, C. ve Mintz, A. (1991). Defence expenditures and economic growth: The externality effect. Defence Economics, 3 (2), 35–40.
  • Kahraman, Ç. A. (2016). Tarihsel süreçte savunma planlaması yaklaşımları ile savunma tedarik sistemleri arasındaki ilişki. Kara Harp Okulu Bilim Dergisi, 26 (2), 101-126.
  • Kirkpatrick, D.L.I. (2004). Trends in the costs of weapon systems and consequences. Defence and Peace Economics, Cilt 15 (3), 259-273.
  • Korkmazyürek, H. ve Şeşen, H. (2008). Savunma yönetiminde yeni planlama yaklaşımları: Kavramsal bir analiz. KHO Bilim Dergisi, 18(1), 54-78.
  • Lewis, I. ve Apte, A. (2007). The Logistics Impact of Evolutionary Acquisition. Acquisition Research Program, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterrey, ABD.
  • Murphy, D. P. (2015). How can government spending stimulate consumption? Review of Economic Dynamics, Vol. 18, 551-574.
  • Müslüm, S., Topcu, M.K. ve Mala, M. (2010). Savunma tedarikinde güncel yaklaşımlar: Evrimsel tedarik stratejisi ve Türkiye açısından bir değerlendirme. Savunma Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(2), 91-115.
  • Narayan, P.K. ve Singh, B. (2007). Modelling the relationship between defence spending and economic growth for the Fiji Islands. Defence and Peace Economics, 18(4), 391-401.
  • Öztürk, Y. (2006). Savunma planlamasında yeni yaklaşımlar ve Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri’nde bir senaryo uzayı çalışması. Kara Harp Okulu Savunma Bilimleri Enstitüsü Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Ankara.
  • Pieroni, L. (2009). Military Expenditure and Economic Growth. Defence and Peace Economics, 20(4),327-339.
  • Rasler, K. ve Thompson, W.R. (1998), Defense burdens, capital formation, and economic growth. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 32(1), 61–86.
  • SASAD (2018). Savunma ve Havacılık Sanayi Performans Raporu 2017. http://www.sasad.org.tr/uploaded/Sasad-Performans-Raporu-2017.pdf (25.03.2019).
  • SIPRI (2017). Military Expenditure Database, https://www.sipri.org/ databases/milex (25.03.2019).
  • Smith, R. (1980). Military expenditure and investment in OECD countries, 1954–1973. Journal of Comparative Economics, 4 (1), 19–32.
  • Steinbock, D. (2014). The challenges for America’s defense innovation. Araştırma Raporu. The Information Technology&Innovation Foundation. http://www2.itif.org/2014-defense-rd.pdf (25.03.2019).
  • Sylvester, R.K. ve Ferrara, J.A. (2003). Conflict and ambiguity implementing evolutionary acquisition. Acquisition Review Quarterly, Winter 2003, 3-26.
  • Şişman, D. (2017). Küreselleşme, kriz ve savunma sanayi. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, Cilt: 39, Sayı: 1, 223-237.
  • Topcu, M.K. (2010). Savunma planlamasının ekonomiye etkileri ve savunma bütçeleri. Savunma Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(1), 75-96.
  • Topcu, M. K., Mala, M. ve Müslüm, S. (2015). A study on defense acquisition models with an emerging market perspective. The case of Turkey. Journal of Defense Resources Management, 6(2), 95-102.
  • TÜSİAD (1999). Savunma sanayisinde “OFFSET” uygulamaları, T/99-12/276-1, TÜSİAD, İstanbul. Vakıf Yatırım Sektör Raporu (2018). http://www.vkyanaliz.com/Files/docs/defense sectorreport_16-07-2018 636673287023866868. pdf (25.03.2019).
  • Wang, T.P., Shyu, S.H.P. ve Chou, H.C. (2012). The impact of defense expenditure on economic productivity in OECD countries. Economic Modelling, 29(6), 2104-2114.
  • Yavuzyılmaz, Ö. (2014). Türk savunma sanayiinde teknoloji tedarik stratejilerini belirlemeye yönelik bir model önerisi. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Kara Harp Okulu Savunma Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Yıldırım, J., Sezgin, S. ve Öcal, N. (2005). Military expenditure and economic growth in Middle Eastern countries: A dynamic panel data analysis. Defence and Peace Economics, 16(4), 283-295.

THE EFFECT AND THE ROLE OF DEFENSE PURCHASES ON COUNTRY DEVELOPMENT

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 309 - 327, 13.11.2019
https://doi.org/10.28956/gbd.646351

Öz



Defense procurement, which is an important element of
public spending differentiates from other public procurement with; the need for
domestic and national systems, the need for technology infrastructure, the
security requirements of those employed in the sector, the need for export in
the sustanability of the production line, and the fact that the basic supplier
is the state. The effect of the public expenditures on economic development is
determined by using demand-side and/or supply-side economic models. But the
effect of defense procurement on the development of the country should be
evaluated in terms of employment, its impact on export figures, its contribution
to R&D and technological infrastructure. Defense purchases affect the economy
positively or negatively depending on the technological development of the
country. As the level of technological ownership increases, the positive
reflections of defense purchases on the economy increase as well. On the other
side, the prolongation of defense procurement periods delay the impact of
positive effects and the impact of these purchases on the economy. That’s why
national defense industry is a hot topic on the national agenda. Accordingly,
focusing on dual technologies that can be employed for civilian and military
purposes is very important for defense industry companies to continue their
activities under competitive conditions. In this study, therefore, the role of
defense procurement in the development of the country is discussed within the
scope of defense procurement strategies and methods, and some suggestions are
made.




Kaynakça

  • ADS (Aerospace Defense Security Space) (2018). UK Defence Outlook 2017, ADS Group, Londra, İngiltere, https://www.adsgroup.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/21/2017/09/DefenceOutlook2017-WebRes.pdf (25.03.2019).
  • AIA (The Aerospace Industries Association of America) (2018). The state of the U.S. Aerospace&Defense Industry Report. Aerospace Industries Association of America, Arlington, VA, ABD.
  • Alexander, W.R.J. (1990). The impact of defence spending on economic growth: A multi sectoral approach to defence spending and economic growth with evidence from developed economies. Defence Economics, 2(1), 39–55.
  • Aye, G.C., Balcılar, M., Dunne, J.P., Gupta, R. ve Eyden, R.V. (2014). Military expenditure, economic growth and structural instability: A case study of South Africa. Defence and Peace Economics, 25(6), 619-633.
  • Bakırtaş, D. ve Aysu, A. (2017). Kurumsal yaklaşım perspektifinden inovasyon ve yenilikçi kamu alımları. Sosyoekonomi, 25(31), 127-147.
  • Biswas, B. ve Ram, R. (1986). Military expenditures and economic growth in less developed countries: An augmented model and further evidence. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 34 (2), 361–372.
  • Chang, H-C, Huang, B-N. ve Yang, C.W. (2011). Military expenditure and economic growth across different groups: A dynamic panel Granger-Causality approach. Economic Modelling, 28(6), 2416-2423.
  • DMO, (2017). Sektör Raporu. https://www.dmo.gov.tr/Files/IcerikYonetimi/ ANKARA/Belgeler/2017%20Y%C4%B1l%C4%B1%20Sekt%C3%B6r%20 Raporu.pdf (25.03.2019)
  • DODI 5000.2 (2008). Operation of the defense acquisition system. ABD Savunma Bakanlığı, Vaşington, ABD.
  • Dunne, J.P. ve Tian, N. (2013). Military expenditure, economic growth and heterogeneity. http://saldru.com.uct.ac.za/bitstream/handle/11090/611/2013_ 95.pdf?sequence=1 (25.03.2019).
  • Eren, H. ve Kılıç, A. (2013). Örgütlerde yenilikçilik ortamı: Özellikli bir sektör olarak savunma sanayiinde durum. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 27(3), 221-244.
  • Fox, J. (2011). Defense acquisition reform, 1960-2009: An elusive goal. U.S. Army, Centre of Military History. Washington D.C.
  • Geroski, P.A. (1990). Procurement policy as a tool of industrial policy. International Review of Applied Economics, Vol 4, 182-198.
  • Gökmenoğlu, K., Taspinar, N. ve Sadeghieh, M. (2015). Military Expenditure and Economic Growth: The Case of Turkey. 16th Annual Conference on Finance and Accounting, Prague.
  • Halıcıoğlu, F. (2007). Defense spending and economic growth in Turkey: An empirical application of new macroeconomic theory. Review of Middle East Economics and Finance, February, 193-201.
  • Harshberger, E.R. ve Russ, S. (1994). Modernizing Air Power Projection capabilities: Looking to Get Moreout of Less in Defense Planning. Davis, P.K. (Ed.), New Challenges for Defense Planning: Rethinking How Much is Enough? RAND, Santa Monica, CA, ABD.
  • Huang, C. ve Mintz, A. (1991). Defence expenditures and economic growth: The externality effect. Defence Economics, 3 (2), 35–40.
  • Kahraman, Ç. A. (2016). Tarihsel süreçte savunma planlaması yaklaşımları ile savunma tedarik sistemleri arasındaki ilişki. Kara Harp Okulu Bilim Dergisi, 26 (2), 101-126.
  • Kirkpatrick, D.L.I. (2004). Trends in the costs of weapon systems and consequences. Defence and Peace Economics, Cilt 15 (3), 259-273.
  • Korkmazyürek, H. ve Şeşen, H. (2008). Savunma yönetiminde yeni planlama yaklaşımları: Kavramsal bir analiz. KHO Bilim Dergisi, 18(1), 54-78.
  • Lewis, I. ve Apte, A. (2007). The Logistics Impact of Evolutionary Acquisition. Acquisition Research Program, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterrey, ABD.
  • Murphy, D. P. (2015). How can government spending stimulate consumption? Review of Economic Dynamics, Vol. 18, 551-574.
  • Müslüm, S., Topcu, M.K. ve Mala, M. (2010). Savunma tedarikinde güncel yaklaşımlar: Evrimsel tedarik stratejisi ve Türkiye açısından bir değerlendirme. Savunma Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(2), 91-115.
  • Narayan, P.K. ve Singh, B. (2007). Modelling the relationship between defence spending and economic growth for the Fiji Islands. Defence and Peace Economics, 18(4), 391-401.
  • Öztürk, Y. (2006). Savunma planlamasında yeni yaklaşımlar ve Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri’nde bir senaryo uzayı çalışması. Kara Harp Okulu Savunma Bilimleri Enstitüsü Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Ankara.
  • Pieroni, L. (2009). Military Expenditure and Economic Growth. Defence and Peace Economics, 20(4),327-339.
  • Rasler, K. ve Thompson, W.R. (1998), Defense burdens, capital formation, and economic growth. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 32(1), 61–86.
  • SASAD (2018). Savunma ve Havacılık Sanayi Performans Raporu 2017. http://www.sasad.org.tr/uploaded/Sasad-Performans-Raporu-2017.pdf (25.03.2019).
  • SIPRI (2017). Military Expenditure Database, https://www.sipri.org/ databases/milex (25.03.2019).
  • Smith, R. (1980). Military expenditure and investment in OECD countries, 1954–1973. Journal of Comparative Economics, 4 (1), 19–32.
  • Steinbock, D. (2014). The challenges for America’s defense innovation. Araştırma Raporu. The Information Technology&Innovation Foundation. http://www2.itif.org/2014-defense-rd.pdf (25.03.2019).
  • Sylvester, R.K. ve Ferrara, J.A. (2003). Conflict and ambiguity implementing evolutionary acquisition. Acquisition Review Quarterly, Winter 2003, 3-26.
  • Şişman, D. (2017). Küreselleşme, kriz ve savunma sanayi. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, Cilt: 39, Sayı: 1, 223-237.
  • Topcu, M.K. (2010). Savunma planlamasının ekonomiye etkileri ve savunma bütçeleri. Savunma Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(1), 75-96.
  • Topcu, M. K., Mala, M. ve Müslüm, S. (2015). A study on defense acquisition models with an emerging market perspective. The case of Turkey. Journal of Defense Resources Management, 6(2), 95-102.
  • TÜSİAD (1999). Savunma sanayisinde “OFFSET” uygulamaları, T/99-12/276-1, TÜSİAD, İstanbul. Vakıf Yatırım Sektör Raporu (2018). http://www.vkyanaliz.com/Files/docs/defense sectorreport_16-07-2018 636673287023866868. pdf (25.03.2019).
  • Wang, T.P., Shyu, S.H.P. ve Chou, H.C. (2012). The impact of defense expenditure on economic productivity in OECD countries. Economic Modelling, 29(6), 2104-2114.
  • Yavuzyılmaz, Ö. (2014). Türk savunma sanayiinde teknoloji tedarik stratejilerini belirlemeye yönelik bir model önerisi. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Kara Harp Okulu Savunma Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Yıldırım, J., Sezgin, S. ve Öcal, N. (2005). Military expenditure and economic growth in Middle Eastern countries: A dynamic panel data analysis. Defence and Peace Economics, 16(4), 283-295.
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Göksel Korkmaz 0000-0002-2789-2657

Mustafa Kemal Topçu Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-3298-1283

Yayımlanma Tarihi 13 Kasım 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 30 Mayıs 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Korkmaz, G., & Topçu, M. K. (2019). SAVUNMA ALIMLARININ ÜLKE KALKINMASINA ETKİSİ VE ROLÜ. Güvenlik Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(2), 309-327. https://doi.org/10.28956/gbd.646351

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