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An Assessment on the Problems and Possible Solutions of Artificial Intelligence Tools and Techniques on Execution, Monitoring and Reporting of Impact Investments

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 13, 1 - 24, 30.06.2023

Ahmet Efe

https://doi.org/10.31006/gipad.1263598

Öz

Impact analysis is an important work that should be done by business analysts in order to perform a successful requirements management in terms of compliance with regulations, environment and stakeholder needs as a result of possible changes in business demands and innovative technology. This multidisciplinary study examines the problems, solutions, stakeholder expectations, technical tools and approaches related to social impact assessments (SIA), with the assumption that impact investment needs will gradually increase in the light of legal regulations and business expectations in Türkiye. In this study, a literature review on impact analysis and impact investments is made and evaluations are made in the light of the current situation and possible future developments. In particular, based on the assumption that SIA is a priori to impact investments, the possibilities and ways of using artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms and smart Management Information System (MIS) tools are evaluated in the context of the innovative re-organization. In this study, various suggestions are developed by assertion that the tendency in the use of AI applications and smart MIS tools will gradually increase and will become a necessity in terms of meeting stakeholder expectations from impact investments in a realistic and futuristic manner.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Impact assessment impact analysis social impact assessment impact investing artificial intelligence

Kaynakça

  • Al-Darwish, M., Alqahtani, A. A., and Alkahtani, M. (2019). The role of Islamic finance in promoting impact investment and social entrepreneurship. Journal of Islamic Economics, Banking and Finance, 15(2), 1-12.
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  • Anon. (1983). Environmental Law No. 2872. Official Gazette of Türkiye.
  • Arbous, M., Braat, L., and Janssen, R. (2018). How to promote rights-based impact assessments? An exploratory study of the barriers and opportunities. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 65, 38-47.
  • Arif, M., and Lee, Y. (2019). Artificial intelligence in socially responsible investment: Evidence from the US. Journal of Business Ethics, 156(2), 405-418.
  • Atıcı, R., and Barış, Y. (2016). Impact Investing: A New Trend in Social Finance. Sosyal Politika ve Sosyal Hizmet, 2(1), 97-115.
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  • Bain and Company (2020). Artificial intelligence in impact investing: The new frontier in ESG. Retrieved from https://www.bain.com/insights/artificial-intelligence-in-impact-investing-the-new-frontier-in-esg/ (accessed on : 20 May 2023)
  • Bakar Mohd Daud, "Impact Investment in Islamic Finance: A Path to Sustainable Development," (Presentation, International Symposium on Islamic Finance and Sustainable Development, 2019)
  • Basri, M. A., and Tansel, A. (2017). The role of Islamic finance in impact investment: evidence from Türkiye. Research in International Business and Finance, 42, 500-508.
  • Becker, H. A. (2001). Social impact assessment. European Journal of Operational Research, 128(2), 311-321.
  • Biodiversity Impact Assessment. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversity_impact_assessment (accessed on : 21 Feb 2023)
  • Bouri, A., Mudaliar, A., Schiff, H., and Leung, R. (2018). Annual Impact Investor Survey 2018. Global Impact Investing Network (GIIN).
  • Brest, P., and Born, K. (2013). When Can Impact Investing Create Real Impact? Stanford Social Innovation Review. https://ssir.org/articles/entry/when_can_impact_investing_create_real_impact (accessed on: 21 Feb 2023)
  • Brindley, C. (2017). Barriers to women achieving their entrepreneurial potential: Women and risk. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 9(2), 111-124.
  • Bullard, R. D., and Johnson, G. S. (2000). Environmental Justice: Grassroots activism and its impact on public policy decision making. Journal of Social Issues, 56(3), 555-578.
  • Carroll, A. B. (1991). The pyramid of corporate social responsibility: Toward the moral management of organizational stakeholders. Business Horizons, 34(4), 39-48.
  • Ceylan, E., and Aksoy, A. (2020). The Concept of Impact Investing and Its Implementation in Türkiye. Istanbul Economics Review, 11(1), 1-23.
  • Chaves, D. and Anderson, A. (2018). Mission-related Investing: Theory and Practice. Stanford Social Innovation Review. https://ssir.org/articles/entry/mission-related_investing_theory_and_practice (accessed on: 21 Feb 2023)
  • Climate Change Impact Assessment. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_impact_assessment (accessed on: 21 Feb 2023)
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Etki Yatırımlarının Uygulanması, İzlenmesi ve Raporlanmasına İlişkin Yapay Zekâ Araç ve Tekniklerindeki Sorunlar ve Olası Çözümleri Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 13, 1 - 24, 30.06.2023

Ahmet Efe

https://doi.org/10.31006/gipad.1263598

Öz

Etki analizi, iş taleplerindeki olası değişiklikler ve yenilikçi teknolojiler sonucunda, mevzuata, çevreye ve paydaş ihtiyaçlarına uyum açısından başarılı bir ihtiyaç yönetimi gerçekleştirmek için iş analistleri tarafından yapılması gereken önemli bir çalışmadır. Bu multidisipliner çalışma, Türkiye'deki yasal düzenlemeler ve iş beklentileri ışığında etki yatırımı ihtiyaçlarının giderek artacağı varsayımıyla, sosyal etki değerlendirmelerine (SED) ilişkin sorunları, çözümleri, paydaş beklentilerini, teknik araçları ve yaklaşımları incelemektedir. Bu çalışmada etki analizi ve etki yatırımları ile ilgili literatür taraması yapılarak mevcut durum ve gelecekteki olası gelişmeler ışığında değerlendirmeler yapılmaktadır. Özellikle, SED'in yatırımları etkilemek için öncelikli olduğu varsayımına dayanarak, yapay zekâ (YZ) algoritmalarını ve akıllı Yönetim Bilgi Sistemi (YBS) araçlarını kullanma olasılıkları ve yolları yenilikçi yeniden yapılanma bağlamında değerlendirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada YZ uygulamaları ve akıllı YBS araçlarının kullanım eğiliminin giderek artacağı ve paydaş etki yatırımlarından beklentilerinin gerçekçi ve geleceğe dönük bir şekilde karşılanması açısından bir zorunluluk haline geleceği iddiasıyla çeşitli öneriler geliştirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

etki değerlendirmesi etki analizi sosyal etki değerlendirmesi etki yatırımı yapay zeka

Kaynakça

  • Al-Darwish, M., Alqahtani, A. A., and Alkahtani, M. (2019). The role of Islamic finance in promoting impact investment and social entrepreneurship. Journal of Islamic Economics, Banking and Finance, 15(2), 1-12.
  • Alkire, S. (2002). Dimensions of human development. World development, 30(2), 181-205.
  • Anon. (1983). Environmental Law No. 2872. Official Gazette of Türkiye.
  • Arbous, M., Braat, L., and Janssen, R. (2018). How to promote rights-based impact assessments? An exploratory study of the barriers and opportunities. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 65, 38-47.
  • Arif, M., and Lee, Y. (2019). Artificial intelligence in socially responsible investment: Evidence from the US. Journal of Business Ethics, 156(2), 405-418.
  • Atıcı, R., and Barış, Y. (2016). Impact Investing: A New Trend in Social Finance. Sosyal Politika ve Sosyal Hizmet, 2(1), 97-115.
  • Aven, T. (2016). Risk assessment and risk management: Review of recent advances on their foundation. European Journal of Operational Research, 253(1), 1-13.
  • Bain and Company (2020). Artificial intelligence in impact investing: The new frontier in ESG. Retrieved from https://www.bain.com/insights/artificial-intelligence-in-impact-investing-the-new-frontier-in-esg/ (accessed on : 20 May 2023)
  • Bakar Mohd Daud, "Impact Investment in Islamic Finance: A Path to Sustainable Development," (Presentation, International Symposium on Islamic Finance and Sustainable Development, 2019)
  • Basri, M. A., and Tansel, A. (2017). The role of Islamic finance in impact investment: evidence from Türkiye. Research in International Business and Finance, 42, 500-508.
  • Becker, H. A. (2001). Social impact assessment. European Journal of Operational Research, 128(2), 311-321.
  • Biodiversity Impact Assessment. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversity_impact_assessment (accessed on : 21 Feb 2023)
  • Bouri, A., Mudaliar, A., Schiff, H., and Leung, R. (2018). Annual Impact Investor Survey 2018. Global Impact Investing Network (GIIN).
  • Brest, P., and Born, K. (2013). When Can Impact Investing Create Real Impact? Stanford Social Innovation Review. https://ssir.org/articles/entry/when_can_impact_investing_create_real_impact (accessed on: 21 Feb 2023)
  • Brindley, C. (2017). Barriers to women achieving their entrepreneurial potential: Women and risk. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 9(2), 111-124.
  • Bullard, R. D., and Johnson, G. S. (2000). Environmental Justice: Grassroots activism and its impact on public policy decision making. Journal of Social Issues, 56(3), 555-578.
  • Carroll, A. B. (1991). The pyramid of corporate social responsibility: Toward the moral management of organizational stakeholders. Business Horizons, 34(4), 39-48.
  • Ceylan, E., and Aksoy, A. (2020). The Concept of Impact Investing and Its Implementation in Türkiye. Istanbul Economics Review, 11(1), 1-23.
  • Chaves, D. and Anderson, A. (2018). Mission-related Investing: Theory and Practice. Stanford Social Innovation Review. https://ssir.org/articles/entry/mission-related_investing_theory_and_practice (accessed on: 21 Feb 2023)
  • Climate Change Impact Assessment. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_impact_assessment (accessed on: 21 Feb 2023)
  • Cook, M., and Miller, J. (2019). A Guide to Social Impact Assessment for Social Entrepreneurs. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 10(2), 107-119.
  • Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_heritage_impact_assessment (accessed on: 21 Feb 2023)
  • Cumulative Impact Assessment. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumulative_impact_assessment (21 Feb 2023).
  • Dahlsrud, A. (2008). How corporate social responsibility is defined: An analysis of 37 definitions. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 15(1), 1-13.
  • Deloitte (2018). ESG in corporate finance. Deloitte. https://www2.deloitte.com/insights/us/en/focus/corporate-finance/esg-in-corporate-finance.html(accessed on: 21 Feb 2023)
  • Drexler, M., and Noble, A. (2013). From the Margins to the Mainstream: Assessment of the Impact Investment Sector and Opportunities to Engage Mainstream Investors. World Economic Forum. Economic Impact Assessment. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/economicimpactassessment.asp (accessed on: 21 Feb 2023)
  • EIAs and SIAs. (2019). World Bank Group Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines: Social Impact Assessment. Retrieved from https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/topics_ext_content/ ifc_external_corporate_site/sustainability-at-ifc/policies-standards/environmental-and-social-framework/ehs-guidelines/EHSGUIDELINES_SIA (accessed on: 21 Feb 2023)
  • Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.iaia.org/publications/guidebook/environmental-impact-assessment/(accessed on: 21 Feb 2023)
  • Environmental Impact Assessment. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-national-environmental-policy-act#EIA(accessed on: 21 Feb 2023)
  • Erdem, C. (2018). Investment Readiness of Social Enterprises in Türkiye. Social Enterprise Review, 4(2), 123-139.
  • Esteves, A. M., Franks, D., and Vanclay, F. (2012). Social impact assessment: The state of the art. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal, 30(1), 34-42.
  • Franks, D. M. (2011). Management of the social impacts of mining. SME Mining Engineering Handbook, 3, 1817-1825.
  • Freeman, R. E. (2010). Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Cambridge University Press.
  • Freireich, J., and Fulton, K. (2009). Investing for social and environmental impact: A design for catalyzing an emerging industry. Monitor Institute.
  • Global Impact Investing Network (GIIN). (2020). Impact Investing. https://thegiin.org/impact-investing; https://t.ly/ElEA (accessed on: 21 Feb 2023)
  • Global Reporting Initiative. (2020). What is the GRI Standards?. Retrieved from https://www.globalreporting.org/standards/gri-standards-download-center/Pages/default.aspx (accessed on: 21 Feb 2023)
  • Goldstein, B., Kettner, P., and Pattberg, P. (2012). Integrating social impact assessment into project decision-making. Environmental Science and Policy, 15(5), 519-528.
  • Hansson, S., and Polk, M. (2018). Assessing the impact of transdisciplinary research: The usefulness of relevance, credibility, legitimacy, and effectiveness for understanding the link between process and impact. Research Evaluation, 27(2), 132-144.
  • Harnett, A., and Shein, A. (2021). The role of artificial intelligence in impact investing. In S. Lui (Ed.), Impact investing: Strategies and practices for success (pp. 119-130). Cham: Springer.
  • Harvest (2018). The future of ESG data analytics. Harvest Exchange. https://www.harvestexchange.com/the-future-of-esg-data-analytics/ (accessed on: 21 Feb 2023) Health Impact Assessment. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/ehs/docs/whatis_hia.pdf (accessed on: 21 Feb 2023)
  • Hodge, I., Radburn, R., and Tait, J. (2010). Measuring the social impact of projects: A review of available indicators and methods. Social Policy and Administration, 44(2), 198-214.
  • Hussain, N., and Al-Tabbaa, O. (2018). The potential of Islamic finance in supporting social entrepreneurship. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 9(3), 244-259.
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  • Islamic Development Bank, "Impact Investing in Islamic Finance: Unlocking the Potential for Sustainable Development," (Report, 2018)
  • Jackson, E. T. (2013). Interrogating the theory of change: Evaluating impact investing where it matters most. Journal of Sustainable Finance and Investment, 3(2), 95-110.
  • Jain, R., Krishna, S., and Singh, S. (2018). Predictive Analytics: A Study of Applications and Techniques. Journal of Big Data Analytics in Healthcare, 3(1), 1-8.
  • Jalilvand, M., and Yamin, M. (2018). Islamic finance and social entrepreneurship: A review of the literature and a research agenda. International Journal of Social Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 7(2), 130-146.
  • Kabeer, N. (1999). Resources, agency, achievements: Reflections on the measurement of women's empowerment. Development and Change, 30(3), 435-464.
  • Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
  • Kanter, R. M. (2016). The innovators solution: creating and sustaining successful growth. Harvard Business Review Press.
  • Karnani, A., and Vrink, T. (2011). The practice and potential of social impact assessment. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 35(5), 913-926.
  • Kasule, F., and Masera, G. (2020). Outcome mapping approach to evaluating the social impact of emergency social safety net programs in conflict-affected areas. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 41, 101439.
  • Khandker, S. R. (1998). Microfinance and Poverty: Evidence Using Panel Data from Bangladesh. World Bank Economic Review, 12(2), 163–182.
  • Kıvanç, N. (2017). Impact investment in Türkiye: what can we learn from the Islamic finance sector?. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 8(2), 150-166.
  • Kumari, R. (2018). Social Impact Assessment: A Study of Non-Governmental Organizations in India. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 9(17), 33-44.
  • Ley, C., Falcucci, A., Erb, K.-H., Kastner, T., Priess, J. A., and Haberl, H. (2019). Artificial intelligence for sustainability: A comprehensive review of the literature. Environmental Science and Technology, 53(17), 9957–9970.
  • Liu, B. (2016). Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining. Synthesis Lectures on Human Language Technologies, 9(1), 1-167.
  • Liu, X., and Chen, Y. (2018). Social Impact Assessment and Social Entrepreneurship: A Review. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 9(2), 170-183.
  • Lockie, S. (2001). Social Impact Assessment in Review: Setting the Agenda for Impact Assessment in the Twenty-first Century. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal, 19(4), 277-287.
  • Martin, R. L. (2007). The Role of Social Entrepreneurship in Creating a Better World. Stanford Social Innovation Review. https://ssir.org/articles/entry/the_role_of_social_entrepreneurship_in_ creating_a_better_world (accessed on: 21 Feb 2023)
  • Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources. (2020). Renewable Energy. Retrieved from https://www.enerji.gov.tr/en/renewable-energy (accessed on: 21 Feb 2023)
  • Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure. (2020). Transportation. Retrieved from https://www.udhb.gov.tr/en/transportation (accessed on: 21 Feb 2023)
  • Mudaliar, A., and Dithrich, H. (2019). Sizing the Impact Investing Market. Global Impact Investing Network (GIIN).
  • Murithi, T. (1995). The dilemmas of social impact assessment. Development and Change, 26(1), 93-112.
  • Narayanan, R., Ramachandran, S., and Kalra, A. (2015). Impact assessment in participatory development projects: A review of methodologies. Journal of Business Ethics, 128(2), 219-232.
  • Ng, E., Song, D., and Kwok, R. C. Y. (2019). Stakeholder engagement for sustainability. Routledge.
  • Nur, A. (2019). Market Analysis for Social Entrepreneurship in Türkiye. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 4(1), 56-65.
  • Nussbaum, M. C., and Sen, A. (Eds.). (1993). The quality of life. Oxford University Press.
  • O'Faircheallaigh, C. (2010). Public participation and environmental impact assessment: Purposes, implications, and lessons for public policy making. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 30(1), 19-27.
  • Ojo, O., and Asongu, S. (2017). Stakeholder-focused social impact assessment of emergency social safety net programmes. Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 7(3), 253-269.
  • Pringle, J., Martin, R., and Elson, D. (2017). Understanding social impact: A framework for analysis and measurement. Sage Publications.
  • Putnam, R. D. (1993). The prosperous community: Social capital and public life. The American Prospect, 13(4), 35-42.
  • Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. Simon and Schuster.
  • PWC (2020). Artificial intelligence in impact investing. Retrieved from https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/industries/financial-services/assets/artificial-intelligence-in-impact-investing.pdf (accessed on: 21 Feb 2023)
  • Quran (Al-Baqarah 2:219)
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  • Renn, O. (2008). Stakeholder involvement in environmental assessment and decision making. Routledge.
  • Saltuk, Y., Idrissi, E. L., Bouri, A., Mudaliar, A., and Schiff, H. (2015). Eyes on the Horizon: The Impact Investor Survey. J.P. Morgan and Global Impact Investing Network (GIIN).
  • Salzmann, U. (2014). Methods for impact assessment of land use changes: A review of qualitative and quantitative approaches. Environmental Science and Policy, 44, 41-50.
  • Schlosberg, D. (2007). Defining Environmental Justice: Theories, Movements, and Nature. Oxford University Press.
  • Schuller, T., Baron, S., and Field, J. (2000). Social capital: A review and critique. In S. Baron, J. Field, and T. Schuller (Eds.), Social capital: Critical perspectives (pp. 1-38). Oxford University Press.
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  • Sönmez, A. (2017). Islamic finance and impact investment in Türkiye. The Journal of Developing Areas, 51(2), 287-294.
  • Szasz, A. (2007). Environmental justice and the distribution of ecological risks. GeoJournal, 69(1-2), 1-12.
  • Tan, B. L., and Zeng, X. (2018). Artificial intelligence and socially responsible investing. Journal of Business Ethics, 147(1), 97-112.
  • Thaler, R. H., and Sunstein, C. R. (2008). Nudge: Improving decisions about health, wealth, and happiness. Yale University Press.
  • Türkkan, B. (2019). Diversification in Impact Investing: Lessons from Türkiye. Social Finance Review, 9(3), 238-255.
  • Uçar, S. (2017). Stakeholder Engagement in Impact Investment: A Study of Social Entrepreneurs in Türkiye. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 2(4), 231-243.
  • UN Sustainable Development Goals Fund (2021). Artificial intelligence in impact investing. Retrieved from https://www.unsdgfund.org/resources/artificial-intelligence-in-impact-investing/ (accessed on: 21 Feb 2023)
  • United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). (2010). Human Development Report 2010. The Real Wealth of Nations: Pathways to Human Development. New York, NY: UNDP.
  • United Nations. (2013). Handbook for Social Impact Assessment. New York: United Nations Development Programme.
  • United Nations. (2015). Transforming our world: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. A/RES/70/1.
  • Vanclay, F. (2002). Social impact assessment: The state of the art. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 22(4), 361-390.
  • Vanclay, F. (2003). International principles for social impact assessment. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal, 21(1), 5-11.
  • Vanclay, F., Esteves, A. M., Aucamp, I., and Franks, D. M. (2015). Social Impact Assessment: Guidance for assessing and managing the social impacts of projects. Fargo ND: International Association for Impact Assessment.
  • World Bank. (2010). Social impact assessment and its role in development projects. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.
  • Crystal Reports. (n.d.). https://www.business-software.com/resources/crystal-reports/ (21 Feb 2023)
  • IBM Cognos Analytics. (n.d.). https://www.ibm.com/products/cognos-analytics (21 Feb 2023)
  • Impact assessment. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_assessment (21 Feb 2023)
  • Impact investing. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_investing (21 Feb 2023)
  • Microsoft Excel. (n.d.). https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/excel/ (accessed on: 21 Feb 2023)
  • Oracle Hyperion. (n.d.). https://www.oracle.com/analytics/hyperion/index.html (accessed on: 21 Feb 2023)
  • Power BI. (n.d.). https://powerbi.microsoft.com/ (21 Feb 2023)
  • SAS. (n.d.). https://www.sas.com/en_us/home.html (21 Feb 2023)
  • Tableau. (n.d.). https://www.tableau.com/ (21 Feb 2023)
Toplam 106 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular İşletme
Bölüm Derleme Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ahmet Efe 0000-0002-2691-7517

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 13

Kaynak Göster

APA Efe, A. (2023). An Assessment on the Problems and Possible Solutions of Artificial Intelligence Tools and Techniques on Execution, Monitoring and Reporting of Impact Investments. Girişimcilik İnovasyon Ve Pazarlama Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(13), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.31006/gipad.1263598
AMA Efe A. An Assessment on the Problems and Possible Solutions of Artificial Intelligence Tools and Techniques on Execution, Monitoring and Reporting of Impact Investments. GİPAD. Haziran 2023;7(13):1-24. doi:10.31006/gipad.1263598
Chicago Efe, Ahmet. “An Assessment on the Problems and Possible Solutions of Artificial Intelligence Tools and Techniques on Execution, Monitoring and Reporting of Impact Investments”. Girişimcilik İnovasyon Ve Pazarlama Araştırmaları Dergisi 7, sy. 13 (Haziran 2023): 1-24. https://doi.org/10.31006/gipad.1263598.
EndNote Efe A (01 Haziran 2023) An Assessment on the Problems and Possible Solutions of Artificial Intelligence Tools and Techniques on Execution, Monitoring and Reporting of Impact Investments. Girişimcilik İnovasyon ve Pazarlama Araştırmaları Dergisi 7 13 1–24.
IEEE A. Efe, “An Assessment on the Problems and Possible Solutions of Artificial Intelligence Tools and Techniques on Execution, Monitoring and Reporting of Impact Investments”, GİPAD, c. 7, sy. 13, ss. 1–24, 2023, doi: 10.31006/gipad.1263598.
ISNAD Efe, Ahmet. “An Assessment on the Problems and Possible Solutions of Artificial Intelligence Tools and Techniques on Execution, Monitoring and Reporting of Impact Investments”. Girişimcilik İnovasyon ve Pazarlama Araştırmaları Dergisi 7/13 (Haziran 2023), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.31006/gipad.1263598.
JAMA Efe A. An Assessment on the Problems and Possible Solutions of Artificial Intelligence Tools and Techniques on Execution, Monitoring and Reporting of Impact Investments. GİPAD. 2023;7:1–24.
MLA Efe, Ahmet. “An Assessment on the Problems and Possible Solutions of Artificial Intelligence Tools and Techniques on Execution, Monitoring and Reporting of Impact Investments”. Girişimcilik İnovasyon Ve Pazarlama Araştırmaları Dergisi, c. 7, sy. 13, 2023, ss. 1-24, doi:10.31006/gipad.1263598.
Vancouver Efe A. An Assessment on the Problems and Possible Solutions of Artificial Intelligence Tools and Techniques on Execution, Monitoring and Reporting of Impact Investments. GİPAD. 2023;7(13):1-24.
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