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THE HEDGEHOG’S DILEMMA IN ORGANIZATIONS: THE PROS AND CONS OF WORKPLACE FRIENDSHIP

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 201 - 217, 30.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.17218/hititsosbil.741565

Öz

There are numerous studies about the benefits of workplace friendship in organizations. Therefore, it may be assumed that well-established friendships in organizations promote effective information sharing, communication skills, increase teamwork and workplace morale among employees at work. Additionally, workplace friendships have positive effects for the organizations such as lower turnover rates, employee burnout and lower levels of intention to leave. On the other hand, just like experiencing the hedgehog’s dilemma, higher levels of workplace friendship or intimacy among group of individuals in organizations may lead to negative consequences such as the supervisor/subordinate friendship may raise the anger or feelings of unfair treatment by other individuals or may lead to untrue performance assessments. Besides, workplace friendships may cause failures to report misfits and counterproductive work behaviors accurately in the organizations. So, workflow might deteriorate and it may lead to conflicts in teamwork in organizations. In sum, in this conceptual paper, workplace friendship will be focused on and the advantages and the disadvantages of it will be outlined. Then, in the conclusion section, the recommendations will be made about how to reduce the negative effects of workplace friendships in organizations.

Kaynakça

  • Asgharian, R., Yusoff, R., YaserMazhari, M., Mardani, A., & HazratSoltan, E. K. (2013). Examining the effect of workplace friendships and job embeddedness on turnover intention (The case of Mashhad as a tourist destination in Iran). International Journal of Business and Management Invention, 2(7), 17-25. Bader, H. A., Hashim, I. H., & Zaharim, N. M. (2013). Workplace friendships among bank employees in eastern Libya. Digest of Middle East Studies, 22(1), 94-116. Bartels, J., Van Vuuren, M., & Ouwerkerk, J. W. (2019). My colleagues are my friends: The role of Facebook contacts in employee identification. Management Communication Quarterly, 33(3), 307-328. Berman, E. M., West, J. P., & Richter, Jr, M. N. (2002). Workplace relations: Friendship patterns and consequences (according to managers). Public Administration Review, 62(2), 217-230. Bouffard, W. (2014). The Hedgehog’s Dilemma. Puttin’ Cologne on the Rickshaw, Internet blog. Retrieved from http://puttincologneontherickshaw.com/authors-blog/the-hedgehogs-dilemma/. Bunnell, T. (2017). Friendship, Geographies of International Encyclopedia of Geography: People, the Earth, Environment and Technology: People, the Earth, Environment and Technology, 1-6. Wiley Online Library. Retrieved from https:// onlinelibrary. wiley.com/ doi/abs/10.1002/9781118786352.wbieg0165 Chen, C. Y., Mao, H. Y., & Hsieh, A. T. (2012). Role ambiguity, employee gender, and workplace friendship. Psychological reports, 110(3), 719-730. Chung, S., Lount Jr, R. B., Park, H. M., & Park, E. S. (2017). Friends with performance benefits: A meta-analysis on the relationship between friendship and group performance. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 44(1), 63-79. Colbert, A. E., Bono, J. E., & Purvanova, R. K. (2016). Flourishing via workplace relationships: Moving beyond instrumental support. Academy of Management Journal, 59(4), 1199-1223. De Vries, M. F. K. (2011). The hedgehog effect: The secrets of building high performance teams. John Wiley & Sons, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A. Dickie, C. (2009). Exploring Workplace Friendships in Business: Cultural Variations of Employee Behaviour. Research & Practice in Human Resource Management, 17(1). Gordon, J., & Hartman, R. L. (2009). Affinity-seeking strategies and open communication in peer workplace relationships. Atlantic Journal of Communication, 17(3), 115-125. Greco, S., Holmes, M., & McKenzie, J. (2015). Friendship and happiness from a sociological perspective. In Friendship and happiness (pp. 19-35). Springer, Dordrecht. Hommelhoff, S. (2019). Having workplace friends is not always fun. Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie A&O. Huizar, O. A. M. (2019). Hedgehogs. The University of Texas at El Paso, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 13883852. Published by ProQuest LLC. Khaleel, M., Chelliah, S., Khalid, J., Jamil, M., & Manzoor, F. (2016). Employee engagement as an outcome of friendship at workplace: Moderating role of job embeddedness. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 6(6), 1-6. Kiesel, A. K. G. (2011). Finding the right balance between social relations and profession: Do friendships at work really work out? Unpublished Master's thesis, University of Twente. Mao, H. Y., & Hsieh, A. T. (2017). Friendship at work and error disclosure. BRQ Business Research Quarterly, 20(4), 213-225. Mao, H. Y., Hsieh, A. T., & Chen, C. Y. (2012). The relationship between workplace friendship and perceived job significance. Journal of Management & Organization, 18(2), 247-262. Mao, H. Y. (2006). The relationship between organizational level and workplace friendship. The international journal of human Resource Management, 17(10), 1819-1833. Methot, J. R., Melwani, S., & Rothman, N. B. (2017). The space between us: A social-functional emotions view of ambivalent and indifferent workplace relationships. Journal of Management, 43(6), 1789-1819. Methot, J. R., Lepine, J. A., Podsakoff, N. P., & Christian, J. S. (2015). Are workplace friendships a mixed blessing? Exploring tradeoffs of multiplex relationships and their associations with job performance. Personnel Psychology, 69(2), 311-355. Morrison, R. L., & Nolan, T. (2007). Too Much of a Good Thing? Difficulties with Workplace Friendships. University of Auckland Business Review, 9(2), 32. Lee, J. J., & Ok Ph D, C. (2011). Effects of workplace friendship on employee job satisfaction, organizational citizenship behavior, turnover intention, absenteeism, and task performance. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent. cgi?article =1053 & context= gradconf_hospitality. Pillemer, J., & Rothbard, N. P. (2018). Friends without benefits: Understanding the dark sides of workplace friendship. Academy of Management Review, 43(4), 635-660. Riordan, C. M., & Griffeth, R. W. (1995). The opportunity for friendship in the workplace: An underexplored construct. Journal of Business and Psychology, 10(2), 141-154. Sandroni, A. (2019). The hedgehog’s dilemma. Journal of Mathematical Economics, 82, 184-196. Sharma, R. (2016). Enhancing Organisational commitment through workplace relationships. International Journal of Management (IJM), 7(3). Sias, P. M., Gallagher, E. B., Kopaneva, I., & Pedersen, H. (2012). Maintaining workplace friendships: Perceived politeness and predictors of maintenance tactic choice. Communication Research, 39(2), 239-268. Sias, P. M. (2005). Workplace relationship quality and employee information experiences. Communication Studies, 56(4), 375-395. Sias, P. M., & Cahill, D. J. (1998). From coworkers to friends: The development of peer friendships in the workplace. Western Journal of Communication (includes Communication Reports), 62(3), 273-299. Song, S. H. (2006). Workplace friendship and employees’ productivity: LMX theory and the case of the Seoul city government. International Review of Public Administration, 11(1), 47-58.

Örgütlerde Kirpi İkilemi: İşyeri Arkadaşlıklarının Olumlu ve Olumsuz Yönleri

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 201 - 217, 30.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.17218/hititsosbil.741565

Öz

Örgütlerdeki işyeri arkadaşlıklarının faydalarıyla ilgili çok fazla çalışma bulunmaktadır. Bu yüzden, işyerinde iyi temeller üzerine kurulmuş olan işyeri arkadaşlıklarının etkin bilgi paylaşımını ve iletişim becerilerinin desteklediğini, ekip çalışmasını ve çalışanların moralini artırdığı düşünülebilir. Buna ek olarak, işyeri arkadaşlıklarının düşük iş gücü devir oranları, daha düşük seviyelerde çalışan tükenmişliği ve işten ayrılma niyeti gibi olumlu örgütsel etkilere sahiptir. Öte yandan, tıpkı kirpi ikilemindeki gibi yüksek düzeylerdeki arkadaşlıklar ve grup içi yakınlıklar, örgütlerde olumsuz sonuçlara neden olabilir ve ast/üst düzeyindeki arkadaşlıklar diğer bireylerin öfke duymalarına veya adil olmayan muameleye tabi tutulduklarını ve gerçeği yansıtmayan performans değerlemelerinin olduğunu düşünmelerine yol açabilir. Bununla birlikte işyeri arkadaşlıkları örgütlerde ters giden bir şeylerin ve amaca yönelik olmayan çalışma davranışlarını düzgün bir şekilde bildirilmesinde zafiyete neden olabilir. Bu nedenle, iş akışı bozulabilir ve örgütlerdeki takım çalışmalarında çatışmalara neden olabilir. Özetle bu çalışmada işyeri arkadaşları ele alınacak ve olumlu ve olumsuz yönleri irdelenecektir. Daha sonra, sonuç bölümünde, örgütlerde işyeri arkadaşlıklarının olumsuz yönlerinin azaltılmasına yönelik önerilerde bulunulacaktır.

Kaynakça

  • Asgharian, R., Yusoff, R., YaserMazhari, M., Mardani, A., & HazratSoltan, E. K. (2013). Examining the effect of workplace friendships and job embeddedness on turnover intention (The case of Mashhad as a tourist destination in Iran). International Journal of Business and Management Invention, 2(7), 17-25. Bader, H. A., Hashim, I. H., & Zaharim, N. M. (2013). Workplace friendships among bank employees in eastern Libya. Digest of Middle East Studies, 22(1), 94-116. Bartels, J., Van Vuuren, M., & Ouwerkerk, J. W. (2019). My colleagues are my friends: The role of Facebook contacts in employee identification. Management Communication Quarterly, 33(3), 307-328. Berman, E. M., West, J. P., & Richter, Jr, M. N. (2002). Workplace relations: Friendship patterns and consequences (according to managers). Public Administration Review, 62(2), 217-230. Bouffard, W. (2014). The Hedgehog’s Dilemma. Puttin’ Cologne on the Rickshaw, Internet blog. Retrieved from http://puttincologneontherickshaw.com/authors-blog/the-hedgehogs-dilemma/. Bunnell, T. (2017). Friendship, Geographies of International Encyclopedia of Geography: People, the Earth, Environment and Technology: People, the Earth, Environment and Technology, 1-6. Wiley Online Library. Retrieved from https:// onlinelibrary. wiley.com/ doi/abs/10.1002/9781118786352.wbieg0165 Chen, C. Y., Mao, H. Y., & Hsieh, A. T. (2012). Role ambiguity, employee gender, and workplace friendship. Psychological reports, 110(3), 719-730. Chung, S., Lount Jr, R. B., Park, H. M., & Park, E. S. (2017). Friends with performance benefits: A meta-analysis on the relationship between friendship and group performance. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 44(1), 63-79. Colbert, A. E., Bono, J. E., & Purvanova, R. K. (2016). Flourishing via workplace relationships: Moving beyond instrumental support. Academy of Management Journal, 59(4), 1199-1223. De Vries, M. F. K. (2011). The hedgehog effect: The secrets of building high performance teams. John Wiley & Sons, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A. Dickie, C. (2009). Exploring Workplace Friendships in Business: Cultural Variations of Employee Behaviour. Research & Practice in Human Resource Management, 17(1). Gordon, J., & Hartman, R. L. (2009). Affinity-seeking strategies and open communication in peer workplace relationships. Atlantic Journal of Communication, 17(3), 115-125. Greco, S., Holmes, M., & McKenzie, J. (2015). Friendship and happiness from a sociological perspective. In Friendship and happiness (pp. 19-35). Springer, Dordrecht. Hommelhoff, S. (2019). Having workplace friends is not always fun. Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie A&O. Huizar, O. A. M. (2019). Hedgehogs. The University of Texas at El Paso, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 13883852. Published by ProQuest LLC. Khaleel, M., Chelliah, S., Khalid, J., Jamil, M., & Manzoor, F. (2016). Employee engagement as an outcome of friendship at workplace: Moderating role of job embeddedness. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 6(6), 1-6. Kiesel, A. K. G. (2011). Finding the right balance between social relations and profession: Do friendships at work really work out? Unpublished Master's thesis, University of Twente. Mao, H. Y., & Hsieh, A. T. (2017). Friendship at work and error disclosure. BRQ Business Research Quarterly, 20(4), 213-225. Mao, H. Y., Hsieh, A. T., & Chen, C. Y. (2012). The relationship between workplace friendship and perceived job significance. Journal of Management & Organization, 18(2), 247-262. Mao, H. Y. (2006). The relationship between organizational level and workplace friendship. The international journal of human Resource Management, 17(10), 1819-1833. Methot, J. R., Melwani, S., & Rothman, N. B. (2017). The space between us: A social-functional emotions view of ambivalent and indifferent workplace relationships. Journal of Management, 43(6), 1789-1819. Methot, J. R., Lepine, J. A., Podsakoff, N. P., & Christian, J. S. (2015). Are workplace friendships a mixed blessing? Exploring tradeoffs of multiplex relationships and their associations with job performance. Personnel Psychology, 69(2), 311-355. Morrison, R. L., & Nolan, T. (2007). Too Much of a Good Thing? Difficulties with Workplace Friendships. University of Auckland Business Review, 9(2), 32. Lee, J. J., & Ok Ph D, C. (2011). Effects of workplace friendship on employee job satisfaction, organizational citizenship behavior, turnover intention, absenteeism, and task performance. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent. cgi?article =1053 & context= gradconf_hospitality. Pillemer, J., & Rothbard, N. P. (2018). Friends without benefits: Understanding the dark sides of workplace friendship. Academy of Management Review, 43(4), 635-660. Riordan, C. M., & Griffeth, R. W. (1995). The opportunity for friendship in the workplace: An underexplored construct. Journal of Business and Psychology, 10(2), 141-154. Sandroni, A. (2019). The hedgehog’s dilemma. Journal of Mathematical Economics, 82, 184-196. Sharma, R. (2016). Enhancing Organisational commitment through workplace relationships. International Journal of Management (IJM), 7(3). Sias, P. M., Gallagher, E. B., Kopaneva, I., & Pedersen, H. (2012). Maintaining workplace friendships: Perceived politeness and predictors of maintenance tactic choice. Communication Research, 39(2), 239-268. Sias, P. M. (2005). Workplace relationship quality and employee information experiences. Communication Studies, 56(4), 375-395. Sias, P. M., & Cahill, D. J. (1998). From coworkers to friends: The development of peer friendships in the workplace. Western Journal of Communication (includes Communication Reports), 62(3), 273-299. Song, S. H. (2006). Workplace friendship and employees’ productivity: LMX theory and the case of the Seoul city government. International Review of Public Administration, 11(1), 47-58.
Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Can Biçer 0000-0001-7270-7417

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Biçer, C. (2020). THE HEDGEHOG’S DILEMMA IN ORGANIZATIONS: THE PROS AND CONS OF WORKPLACE FRIENDSHIP. Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 13(1), 201-217. https://doi.org/10.17218/hititsosbil.741565
AMA Biçer C. THE HEDGEHOG’S DILEMMA IN ORGANIZATIONS: THE PROS AND CONS OF WORKPLACE FRIENDSHIP. hititsosbil. Haziran 2020;13(1):201-217. doi:10.17218/hititsosbil.741565
Chicago Biçer, Can. “THE HEDGEHOG’S DILEMMA IN ORGANIZATIONS: THE PROS AND CONS OF WORKPLACE FRIENDSHIP”. Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 13, sy. 1 (Haziran 2020): 201-17. https://doi.org/10.17218/hititsosbil.741565.
EndNote Biçer C (01 Haziran 2020) THE HEDGEHOG’S DILEMMA IN ORGANIZATIONS: THE PROS AND CONS OF WORKPLACE FRIENDSHIP. Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 13 1 201–217.
IEEE C. Biçer, “THE HEDGEHOG’S DILEMMA IN ORGANIZATIONS: THE PROS AND CONS OF WORKPLACE FRIENDSHIP”, hititsosbil, c. 13, sy. 1, ss. 201–217, 2020, doi: 10.17218/hititsosbil.741565.
ISNAD Biçer, Can. “THE HEDGEHOG’S DILEMMA IN ORGANIZATIONS: THE PROS AND CONS OF WORKPLACE FRIENDSHIP”. Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 13/1 (Haziran 2020), 201-217. https://doi.org/10.17218/hititsosbil.741565.
JAMA Biçer C. THE HEDGEHOG’S DILEMMA IN ORGANIZATIONS: THE PROS AND CONS OF WORKPLACE FRIENDSHIP. hititsosbil. 2020;13:201–217.
MLA Biçer, Can. “THE HEDGEHOG’S DILEMMA IN ORGANIZATIONS: THE PROS AND CONS OF WORKPLACE FRIENDSHIP”. Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, c. 13, sy. 1, 2020, ss. 201-17, doi:10.17218/hititsosbil.741565.
Vancouver Biçer C. THE HEDGEHOG’S DILEMMA IN ORGANIZATIONS: THE PROS AND CONS OF WORKPLACE FRIENDSHIP. hititsosbil. 2020;13(1):201-17.