Araştırma Makalesi
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Information and Communication Technologies Habits of Employees in the Education Service Sector in the Age of Digital Transformation

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 2, 289 - 316, 30.12.2022

Öz

The increase in information and communication technologies and the technological tools such as personal computers and mobile phones that it brings with it encourage people to engage in more cyberloafing behavior. When the literature on cyberloafing is examined, it is seen that there are a limited number of studies whose sample is university administrative staff. In this context, the aim of the study is to reveal the levels of cyberloafing behaviors exhibited by the administrative staff working in the education service sector, along with the use of information and communication technologies during working hours. The research was designed according to the quantitative research method and as a data collection tool, 2 dimensions as "significant cyberloafing" and "insignificant cyberloafing" developed by Blanchard & Henle (2008), 22 items, and two dimensions, 20 items by Hanaylı (2020). The cyberloafing scale, which was adapted into Turkish, was used. The sample of the research consists of 402 administrative personnel working in a state university that carries out education and training service activities in the Central Anatolia Region. In the analysis of the data obtained from the survey, descriptive analyses such as "standard deviation, arithmetic mean, percentage and frequency" as well as parametric tests t-test and Anova were used As a result of the analyzes made, it was found that the administrative staff showed a significant difference in the mean of insignificant cyberloafing by gender; mean scores of insignificant cyberloafing differed between those in managerial positions and those in non-managerial positions; there is a significant difference between the various groups in terms of the virtual idleness averages of the administrative staff in terms of the variable of working time in professional life; there is no significant difference in the mean of cyberloafing of the administrative staff working at the university in terms of marital status and the unit they work in; In terms of educational status variable, it has been determined that the cyberloafing averages of the administrative staff do not differ statistically in any group.

Kaynakça

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  • Anandarajan, M. ve Simmers, C. A. (2005) "Developing Human Capital through Personal Web Use in the Workplace: Mapping Employee Perceptions," Communications of the Association for Information Systems: Vol. 15, Article 41. DOI: 10.17705/1CAIS.01541
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  • Arslan, E. T. ve Demir, H. (2016). Sanal Kaytarma: Bir Kamu Kurumunda Hemşireler Üzerinde Ampirik Bir Araştırma. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 9(43): 1626-1637
  • Askew, K. L. (2012). The Relationship Between Cyberloafing and Task Performance and an Examination of the Theory of Planned Behavior as a Model of Cyberloafing. University of South Florida, Department of Psychology, Graduate Theses
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  • Beri, N., Anand, S. (2020). Consequences Of Cyberloafing –A Literature Review. European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, 7(6), 434-440.
  • Blau, G., Yang, Y., & Ward-Cook, K. (2006). Testing a measure of cyberloafing. Journal of Allied Health, 35(1), 9- 17.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E. K., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2016). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Pegem Akademi.
  • Candan, H., & İnce, M. (2016). Siber Kaytarma ve Örgütsel Bağlılık Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesine Yönelik Emniyet Çalışanları Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Niğde Üniversitesiİktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(1), 229-235.
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  • Doorn, O.V.N. (2011). Cyberloafing: A Multi-Dimensional Construct Placed in a Theoretical Framework. Masters Thesis, Eindhoven University of Technology, Department Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences.
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Dijital Dönüşüm Çağında Eğitim Hizmeti Sektöründe Çalışanların Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojilerini Kullanma Alışkanlıkları

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 2, 289 - 316, 30.12.2022

Öz

Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerindeki artış ve beraberinde getirdiği kişisel bilgisayar, cep telefonu gibi teknolojik araçlar insanları daha fazla sanal kaytarma davranışında bulunmaya teşvik etmektedir. Sanal kaytarma içerikli literatür incelendiğinde, örneklemi üniversite idari personeli olan çalışmaların sınırlı sayıda olduğu görülmüştür. Bu bağlamda yapılan çalışmanın amacı, eğitim hizmeti sektöründe çalışan idari personelin mesai saatleri içerisinde bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerini kullanması ile birlikte sergiledikleri sanal kaytarma davranış düzeylerini ortaya çıkarmaktır. Araştırma nicel araştırma yöntemine göre tasarlanmış olup veri toplama aracı olarak Blanchard ve Henle (2008) tarafından geliştirilen “önemli sanal kaytarma” ve “önemsiz sanal kaytarma” olmak üzere 2 boyut, 22 madde olarak geliştirilen ve Hanaylı (2020) tarafından iki boyut, 20 madde olarak Türkçeye uyarlanan sanal kaytarma ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini İç Anadolu Bölgesi’nde eğitim-öğretim hizmet faaliyeti yürüten bir devlet üniversitesinde çalışan 402 idari personel oluşturmaktadır. Anketten elde edilen verilerin analizinde betimsel analizler olan “standart sapma, aritmetik ortalama, yüzde ve frekans” analizlerinin yanı sıra parametrik testlerden t testi ve Anova’dan faydalanılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda idari personelin cinsiyete göre önemsiz sanal kaytarma ortalamalarında anlamlı bir farklılık gösterdiği; önemsiz sanal kaytarma ortalamalarının yönetici pozisyonunda olanlar ile yönetici pozisyonunda olmayanlar arasında farklılık gösterdiği; meslek hayatında çalışma süresi değişkeni açısından idari personelin sanal aylaklık ortalamaları bakımından ise çeşitli gruplar arasında anlamlı farklık olduğu; medeni durum ve çalışılan birim bakımından üniversitede çalışan idari personelin sanal kaytarma ortalamalarında anlamlı bir farklılık olmadığı; eğitim durumu değişkeni açısından idari personelin sanal kaytarma ortalamalarının hiçbir grupta istatistiksel olarak farklılık göstermediği tespit edilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Al-Zwamri AAF, Hussain N. The impact of smartphones on work productivity as perceived by employees at a government department in Salalah, Oman. Journal of Islamic Social Sciences and Humanities 2017; 10: 10-20.
  • Anandarajan M, Paravastu N, Simmers C. Perceptions of personal web usage in the workplace: A Q- Methodology Approach. Cyberpsychology and Behavior 2006; 325-335.https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2006.9.325
  • Anandarajan, M. & Claire.A.S (2005). Developing Human Capital through Personal Web Use in the Workplace: Mapping Employee Perceptions. Communications of the Association for Information Systems. 15. 776-791. 10.17705/1CAIS.01541.
  • Anandarajan, M. ve Simmers, C. A. (2005) "Developing Human Capital through Personal Web Use in the Workplace: Mapping Employee Perceptions," Communications of the Association for Information Systems: Vol. 15, Article 41. DOI: 10.17705/1CAIS.01541
  • Armstrong L, Philips JG, Saling LL. Potential determinates of heavier internet usage. International Journal of HumanComputer Studies 2000; 53(4): 537-550. https://doi.org/10.1006/ijhc.2000.0400
  • Arslan, E. T. ve Demir, H. (2016). Sanal Kaytarma: Bir Kamu Kurumunda Hemşireler Üzerinde Ampirik Bir Araştırma. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 9(43): 1626-1637
  • Askew, K. L. (2012). The Relationship Between Cyberloafing and Task Performance and an Examination of the Theory of Planned Behavior as a Model of Cyberloafing. University of South Florida, Department of Psychology, Graduate Theses
  • Belanger, F., & van Slyke, C. (2002), “Abuse or learning?” Communications of the ACM, 45, 64-65
  • Beri, N., Anand, S. (2020). Consequences Of Cyberloafing –A Literature Review. European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, 7(6), 434-440.
  • Blau, G., Yang, Y., & Ward-Cook, K. (2006). Testing a measure of cyberloafing. Journal of Allied Health, 35(1), 9- 17.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E. K., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2016). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Pegem Akademi.
  • Candan, H., & İnce, M. (2016). Siber Kaytarma ve Örgütsel Bağlılık Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesine Yönelik Emniyet Çalışanları Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Niğde Üniversitesiİktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(1), 229-235.
  • Caplan, S. E. (2002). Problematic Internet Use and Psychosocial Well-Being: Development ofa Theory-Based Cognitive–Behavioral Measurement Instrument. Computers in Human Behavior, 18(5), 553-575.
  • Chong AYL, Khong KW, Ma T, McCabe S, Wang Y. Analyzing key influences of tourists’ acceptance of online reviews in travel decision. Internet Research 2018; 28(3): 564-586. https://doi.org/10.1108/IntR-05-2017-0212.
  • Couldry, N. (2012) Media, society, world: Social theory and digital media practice. London: Polity Press 2012; p. 2. ISBN 9780745639208.227
  • Çınar, O., &Karcıoğlu, F. (2015). The relationship between cyber loafing and organizational citizenship behavior: A survey study in Erzurum/Turkey. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 207, 444-453.
  • Demir, M. & Tan, M. (2018). Relationship between demographic characteristic of employees and cyberloafing behavior. Journal of Tourism Theory and Research. 40-56. 10.24288/jttr.375791.
  • Doorn, O.V.N. (2011). Cyberloafing: A Multi-Dimensional Construct Placed in a Theoretical Framework. Masters Thesis, Eindhoven University of Technology, Department Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences.
  • Elciyar, K., & Simsek, A. (2021). An Investigation of Cyberloafing in a Large-Scale Technology Organization From the Perspective of the Theory of Interpersonal Behavior. Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies, 11(2), e202106. https://doi.org/10.30935/ojcmt/10823
  • Fakoor Saghih, A. M., & Nosrati, S. (2021). The antecedents of job embeddedness and their effects on cyberloafing among employees of public universities in eastern Iran. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 14(1), 77–93. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-11-2019-0489
  • Ferreira A, Plessis TD. Effect of online social networking on employee productivity. Peer Reviewed Article 2009; 11(1): 1- 16. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajim.v11i1.397
  • Fraenkel, J.R., Wallen, N.E., & Hyun, H.H. (2009). How to design and evaluate research in education. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Genç, E., & Aydoğan, E. (2016). "İşyerinde Sanal Tembellik Davranışı ve Etkin Zaman Yönetimi Ilişkisi: Bir Kamu Kurumunda Araştırma". Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(2), 558-571.
  • Greengard, S. (2000). The High Cost of Cyberslacking- Employees Waste Time Online. Workforce, 79(12):22-24.
  • Gupta, M., & Chakraborty, A. (2016). Impact of Cyberloafing on Team Potency & Team Conflict at the Workplace. Indian Journal Of Industrial Relations: Economics & Social Dev., 55(4), 696-709. Retrieved from http://52.172.152.24/index.php/ijir/article/view/208087
  • Guthrie, R. & Gray, P. (1996), “Junk computing: is it bad for an organization?”, Information Systems
  • Gültekin, D. ve Ulusoy, H.(2022). Sağlık Çalışanlarında Sanal Kaytarma ve Örgütsel Güven Arasındaki İlişkinin Belirlenmesi, Sağlık Yönetimi ve Liderlik Dergisi, (1), 70-97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35345/johmal.1091046
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  • Jandaghi, G., Alvani, S. M., Zarei Matin, H. ve Fakheri Kozekanan, S. (2015). Cyberloafing management in organisations. Iranian Journal of Management Studies, 8(3), 335-349.
  • Jeong, Y., Jung, H. and Lee, J. (2020), “Cyberslacking or smart work: smartphone usage log-analysis focused on app-switching behavior in work and leisure conditions”, International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, Vol. 36 No. 1, pp. 15-30.
  • Jia HH, Jia R, Karau S. Cyberloafing and personality: the impact of the big five traits and workplace situational factors. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies 2013; 20(3): 358-365. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051813488208
  • Johnson, P.R. & Indvik, Julie. (2003). The organizational benefits of reducing cyberslacking in the workplace. Journal of Organizational Culture, Communications, and Conflict. 8. 55-62.
  • Kaplan AM & Haenlein M., (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of social media. Business Horizons, 53(1): 59-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2009.09.003
  • Kaplan, M. ve Çetinkaya, A. Ş. (2014). “Sanal Kaytarma ve Demografik Özellikler Açısından Farklılıklar: Otel İşletmelerinde Bir Araştırma”. Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 25 (1), 26-34.
  • Kaptangil, Kerem & Aşan, Kübra & gargacı, Aysun. (2021). The effect of the cyberloafing behaviors of tourism business employees on business motivations and organizational identification. Tourism & Management Studies. 17. 31-43. 10.18089/tms.2021.170103.
  • Khansa, L., Barkhi, R., Ray, S. et al. İşyerinde siber aylaklık: hafifletme taktikleri ve bunların bireylerin davranışları üzerindeki etkisi. Inf Technol Manag 19, 197–215 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10799-017-0280-1
  • Koay, K.-Y. and Soh, P.C.-H. (2018), "Should cyberloafing be allowed in the workplace?", Human Resource Management International Digest, Vol. 26 No. 7, pp. 4-6. https://doi.org/10.1108/HRMID-05-2018-0107
  • Koay, K.Y., Soh, P.C.-H. and Chew, K.W. (2017), “Do employees’ private demands lead to cyberloafing? The mediating role of job stress”, Management Research Review, Vol. 40 No. 9, pp. 1025-1038.
  • Liberman, B., Seidman, G., Mckenna, K. Y., & Buffardi, L. E. (2011). Employee job attitudes and organizational characteristics as predictors of cyberloafing. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(6), 2192–2199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2011.06.015.
  • Lim VKG, Chen DJQ. Cyberloafing at the workplace: gain or drain on work? Behavior and Information Technology 2009; 1(11): 1-12.
  • Lim, V. K. G. (2002). The IT way of loafing on the job: Cyberloafing, neutralizing and organizational injustice. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23, 675–694. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.161.
  • Lim, V. K. G. and Chen, D. J. Q. (2009) Cyberloafing at the workplace: gain or drain on work?, Behaviour & Information Technology, DOI: 10.1080/01449290903353054.
  • Lim, Vivien & Teo, Thompson & Loo, Geok. (2002). How do I loaf here? Let me count the ways. Communications of the ACM. 45. 66-70. 10.1145/502269.502300
  • Macklem K. (2006) You got too much mail. Maclean's, 119 (5): 20 – 22.
  • Mazlum, M. M., & Atalay M. A. (2017). Sosyal Bilimlerde araştırma yönteminin belirlenmesi. Route Educational and Social Science Journal, 4(4), 1-21. DOI: 10.17121/ressjournal.705.
  • Mercado, Brittany & Giordano, Casey & Dilchert, Stephan. (2017). A meta-analytic investigation of cyberloafing. Career Development International. 22. 00-00. 10.1108/CDI-08-2017-0142.
  • Oravec, J. A. (2019). Cyberloafing and constructive recreation. InEncyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition(pp. 4316-4325). IGI Global.DOI: 10.4018 / 978-1-5225-7362-3.ch063
  • Oravec, J. A. (2002). Constructive approaches to Internet recreation in the workplace. Communications of the ACM, 45(1), 60–63. doi:10.1145/502269.502298
  • Örücü, E. & Yıldız, H. (2014). İşyerinde kişisel internet ve teknoloji kullanımı: sanal kaytarma. Ege Akademik Bakış Dergisi, 14(1), 99-114.
  • Özkalp, E., Aydın, U., Tekeli, S. (2012). ‘‘Sapkın Örgütsel Davranışlar ve Çalışma Yaşamında Yeni Bir Olgu: Sanal Kaytarma (Cyberloafing) ve İş İlişkilerinde Etkileri’’, Çimento Endüstrisi İşverenleri Sendikası Dergisi, 2 (26): 18-33.
  • Özkalp, E., & Yıldız, H. (2018). Olumlu ve Olumsuz Sanal Kaytarma Davranışlarının İşteki Stres Üzerindeki Etkisi 1. Is, Güc: Endüstri Iliskileri ve Insan Kaynaklari Dergisi, 20(1), 57-74.
  • Ramayah, T. (2010). Personal web usage and work inefficiency. Business Strategy Series, 11(5), 295–301. https://doi.org/10.1108/17515631011080704
  • Sao R., Chandak S., Patel B., & Bhadade P. (2020). Cyberloafing: Effects on employee job performance and behaviour, International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE);8 (5): ISSN: 2277-3878. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.E4832.018520
  • Seçkin, Z. & Kerse, G. (2017). Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Sanal Kaytarma Davranışları ve Bu Davranışların Çeşitli Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi: Ampirik Bir Araştırma. Aksaray Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 9 (1), 89-110.
  • She, Z. & Li, Q., (2022). When Too Little or Too Much Hurts: Evidence for a Curvilinear Relationship Between Cyberloafing and Task Performance in Public Organizations, J Bus Ethics https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-022-05038-9
  • Sheikh, A., Aghaz, A. and Mohammadi, M. (2019), “Cyberloafing and personality traits: an investigation among knowledge-workers across the Iranian knowledge-intensive sectors”, Behaviour and Information Technology, Vol. 38 No. 12, pp. 1213-1224.
  • Şimşek, A. & Şimşek, E. (2019). Beneficial and Detrimental Effects of Cyberloafing in the Workplace, Journal of Organizational Behavior Review, 1 (1) , 97-114. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/jobreview/issue/47368/597517.
  • Tandon, A., Kaur, P., Ruparel, N., Islam, J.U. and Dhir, A. (2022), "Cyberloafing and cyberslacking in the workplace: systematic literature review of past achievements and future promises", Internet Research, Vol. 32 No. 1, pp. 55-89. https://doi.org/10.1108/INTR-06-2020-0332.
  • Tatlı, Y. & Sadık, F. (2021). Öğretmen Adaylarının Ders Esnasında Siber Aylaklık Yapma Nedenlerinin İncelenmesi, OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 18 (43), 6530-6563. DOI: 10.26466/opus.933566.
  • Ulusoy, H. ve Benli, D. G. (2017). Akademisyenlerin sanal kaytarma davranışları: Bir kamu üniversitesi örneği. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 10(54), 924-934.
  • Ünal, Ö. F., Tekdemir, S., (2015). Sanal Kaytarma: Bir Kamu Kurumunda Ampirik Bir Araştırma, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, C.20, S.2, s.95-118
  • Van Doorn, O. N. (2011). Cyberloafing: A multi-dimensional construct placed in a theoretical framework. Department Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences Eindhoven University of Technology, Unpublished Master Thesis, Eindhoven: Netherlands
  • Vitak, J., Crouse, J. and La Rose, R. 2011. Personal internet use at work: Understanding cyberslacking, Computers in Human Behavior , 27 (5), 1751-1759
  • Wheatherbee, T. G. (2010). Counterproductive Use of Technology at Work: Information and Communications Technologies and Cyberdeviancy. Human Resource Management Review, 20,35-44.
  • Yıldız, B. & Yıldız, H., (2015). İş Yaşamındaki Sanal Kaytarma Davranışlarının Hukuki Yönden İncelenmesi (The Examination of the Legal Aspects of Cyberloafing Behaviors in the Business Life). Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi. 13. 1-17. 10.11611/JMER468.
  • Yılmaz, FGK, Yılmaz, R., Öztürk, HT, Sezer, B., & Karademir, T. (2015). Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin öğretme ve öğrenme ortamlarına başarılı bir şekilde entegrasyonunun önünde bir engel olarak siber aylaklık. İnsan Davranışında Bilgisayarlar, 45 , 290-298.
  • Yui, C., Wu, C, Y., & Kao, C, C. (2021). Exploring the Determinants of Cyberloafing in the Workplace: A Conservation of Resources (COR) Perspective. Ritsumeikan Journal of Asia-Pacific Studies, Volume 39, 28-57.
  • Zhong, J., Chen, Y., Yan, J., & Luo, J. (2022). The mixed blessing of cyberloafing on innovation performance during the COVID-19 pandemic. Computers in human behavior, 126, 106982. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.106982
Toplam 71 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Sayı
Yazarlar

Derya Kutlu 0000-0003-2258-9250

Zeliha Seçkin 0000-0003-0603-3236

Onur Doğan 0000-0002-8109-4728

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 22 Mayıs 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 24 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Kutlu, D., Seçkin, Z., & Doğan, O. (2022). Dijital Dönüşüm Çağında Eğitim Hizmeti Sektöründe Çalışanların Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojilerini Kullanma Alışkanlıkları. Kastamonu Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(2), 289-316. https://doi.org/10.21180/iibfdkastamonu.1119904