Araştırma Makalesi
Yıl 2016,
Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 226 - 245, 01.12.2016
Öz
This study provides a review of the factors and actors that can hinder and resist to change or reform in economic and political system. lThe study reviews and explains the preference toward change or resistance within an expected costs expected benefits framework. Basically, individuals are assumed to resist to change and reform if they do not foresee specific net private benefits from the change or refom in question. In reviewing the resistance to change or reform, the study takes the welfare-improving change as benchmark and evaluates the position, attitudes, and characteristics of various decision-makers in the society around this benchmark. The study is expected to motivate additional discussions, organize thoughts, and prompt empirical tests of the assertions made regarding resistance to change or reform.
Anahtar Kelimeler
change reform government reform active resistance passive resistance
Kaynakça
- Acemoglu, Daron and James Robinson. 2012. Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty. Crown Business. New York. Aktan, Coskun Can. 2005. Perspectives on Economics, Politics and Ethics. Ankara: Seçkin Yayınları. Aktan, Coskun Can. 1999. Toplumsal Dönüşüm ve Türkiye, İstanbul: Milliyet Yayınları. Alchian, Armen A. 1950. “Uncertainty, Evolution, and Economic Theory”. Journal of Political Economy. Vol. 58. No. 3 (Jun.). pp. 211-221. Alesina, Alberto and Allan Drazen. 1991. “Why are Stabilizations Delayed?”. The American Economic Review. Vol. 81. No. 5. (Dec.). pp. 1170-1188. Alesina, Alberto, Silvia Ardagna, and Francesco Trebbi. 2006. “Who Adjusts and When? The Political Economy of Reforms”. IMF Staff Papers. Vol. 53. Special Issue. pp. 1-29. Becker, Gary S. 1983. “A Theory of Competition among Pressure Groups for Political Influence”. Quarterly Journal of Economics. 98(3). pp. 371–400. Becker, Gary S. 1985. “Public Policies, Pressure Groups and Dead Weight Costs”, Journal of Public Economics. Vol: 28. Issue 3. Pages 329-347. Ben-Bassat, Avi. 2011. "Conflicts, Interest Groups, and Politics in Structural Reforms". The Journal of Law and Economics. 54. No. 4 (November): 937-952. Berksoy, Turgay and Ibrahim Demir. 2004. “Political Tax Cycles: Political Effects on Tax Burden”. In: Turkiye’de Vergi Kayip ve Kaçaklari, Önlenmesi Yollari (Tax Evasion, Tax Erosion, and Prevention Methods in Turkey). XIX. Turkiye Maliye Sempozyumu. 10-14 May. Belek/Antalya. Yaklasim Yayincilik. Agustos. 513-532. Bussiere, Matthieu and Christian Mulder. 1999. “Political Instability and Economic Vulnerability”. IMF Working Paper. WP. 99/46. 1-37. Congleton, Roger D. 2003. “Informational Limits to Democratic Public Policy”, 11-09-03. www.soc.nii.ac.jp/jepa/2003/40t2.pdf Congleton, R., Hillman, A. L. and Konrad, K. (editors). 2008. 40 Years Of Rent-Seeking Research. Springer. Heidelberg. Dziuda, Wioletta and Antoine Loeper. 2016. "Dynamic Collective Choice with Endogenous Status Quo". Journal of Political Economy. No. 4 (August). 1148-1186. Dodd, Lawrence C. 1976. Coalitions in Parliamentary Government. NJ: Princeton University Press. Downs, Anthony. 1957. An Economic Theory of Democracy. New York: Harper. Espín-Sánchez, José Antonio. 2015. “Institutional Inertia: Persistent Inefficient Institutions in Spain”. DT SEHA Working Paper 64. Available at: http://repositori.uji.es/xmlui/handle/10234/140945 Fernandez, Raquez and Dani Rodrik. 1991. “Status Quo Bias in the Presence of Individual-Specific Uncertainty”. American Economic Review. Vol. 81, Issue 5, (Dec.). 1146-1155. Galbraith, John K. 1992. The Culture of Contentment, Houghton Mifflin. New York. Heinrich, Torsten and Henning Schwardt. 2013. “Institutional Inertia and Institutional Change in an Expanding Normal-Form Game”. Games. 3. 4. 398-425. doi:10.3390/g4030398 Helm, Carsten and Michael Neugart. 2013. “Coalition Governments and Policy Reform with Asymmetric Information”. Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics. Volume 169. Number 3. September. pp. 383-406(24). Hodgson, Geoffrey M. 2004. “Reclaiming habit for institutional economics”. Journal of Economic Psychology. 25. 651–660. James, William. 1893. Psychology: Briefer course. Holt. New York. Jensen, Michael and William H. Meckling. 1976. “Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure”. Journal of Financial Economics. 1976. Vol. 3. Issue 4. pages 305-360. Jost, John T. 2015. “Resistance to Change: A Social Psychological Perspective”. Social Research. Vol 82. No 3. 607-636. Keynes, John Maynard. 1936. The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. MacMillan. London. Kingston, Christopher and Gonzalo Caballero Miguez. 2009. “Comparing theories of institutional change”. Journal of Institutional Economics. Vol. 5. Issue 02. Pages 151-180. Landes, W. and Posner, R. 1975. “The Independent Judiciary in an Interest-Group Perspective”. Journal of Law and Economics. 18(3), 875-901. Lazear, Edward. 2012. “Leadership: A Personnel Economics Approach,” Labour Economics”. Volume 19. Issue 1. January. Pages 92-101. Lazear, Edward P. and Kathryn L. Shaw. 2007. “Personnel Economics: The Economist’s View of Human Resources”. Journal of Economic Perspectives. Volume 21. Number 4. Fal. Pages 91–114. Lindvall J. 2010. “Power sharing and reform capacity”. Journal of Theoretical Politics. 22(3): 1–18. Lindvall, J. 2017 (forthcoming). The reform capacity of coalition governments. Oxford: Oxford University. Mises, Ludvig von. 1944. The Omnipotent Government The Rise of the Total State and Total War. Yale University Press. New Haven. Niskanen, William. 1971. Bureaucracy and Representative Government, Chicago: Aldine-Atherton. Nordhaus, William D. 1975. “The Political Business Cycle”. The Review of Economic Studies. Vol. 42. No. 2 (Apr.). pp. 169-190. North, Douglass C. 1990. Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. Olson, Mancur. 1965. The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups. Harvard University Press. Cambridge. Olson, Mancur. 1982. The Rise and Decline of Nations: Economic Growth, Stagflation, and Social Rigidities. Yale University Press. New Haven. O’Toole, James. 1995. Leading Change, Overcoming the Ideology of Comfort and the Tyranny of Custom, San Francisco: Jossey Basas Publ. Pareto, V. 1906/1972. Manual of Political Economy. (Translated by Ann S. Schwier. Edited by Ann S. Schwier and Alfred N. Page). MacMillan. Robin, Corey. 2011. The Reactionary Mind: Conservatism from Edmund Burke to Sarah Palin. Oxford University Press. Oxford. Rostow, W. W. 1959. “The Stages of Economic Growth”. The Economic History Review. New Series. Vol. 12, No. 1. pp. 1-16. Russell, Bertrand. 1912. The Problems of Philosophy. Henry Holt and Company. New York. Samuelson, William and Richard ZeckHauser. 1988. “Status Quo Bias in Decision Making”. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty. (1). 7-59. Schumpeter, Joseph A. Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy. Harper and Row. New York. 1942. Somin, Ilya and Sanford Levinson. 2009. "Democracy, Political Ignorance, and Constitutional Reform," University of Pennsylvania Law Review Online. Vol. 157: Iss. 1, Article 5. Available at: http://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/penn_law_review_online/vol157/iss1/5 Somin, Ilya. 2013/2016. Democracy and Political Ignorance Why Smaller Government is Smarter. (2nd ed.). Standford Law Books. Standford University Press. Stanford, California. Tollison, Robert D. 2012. “The economic theory of rent seeking”. Public Choice. Vol. 152. No.1/2. The intellectual legacy of Gordon Tullock (July). pp. 73-82.
Yıl 2016,
Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 226 - 245, 01.12.2016
Öz
Kaynakça
- Acemoglu, Daron and James Robinson. 2012. Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty. Crown Business. New York. Aktan, Coskun Can. 2005. Perspectives on Economics, Politics and Ethics. Ankara: Seçkin Yayınları. Aktan, Coskun Can. 1999. Toplumsal Dönüşüm ve Türkiye, İstanbul: Milliyet Yayınları. Alchian, Armen A. 1950. “Uncertainty, Evolution, and Economic Theory”. Journal of Political Economy. Vol. 58. No. 3 (Jun.). pp. 211-221. Alesina, Alberto and Allan Drazen. 1991. “Why are Stabilizations Delayed?”. The American Economic Review. Vol. 81. No. 5. (Dec.). pp. 1170-1188. Alesina, Alberto, Silvia Ardagna, and Francesco Trebbi. 2006. “Who Adjusts and When? The Political Economy of Reforms”. IMF Staff Papers. Vol. 53. Special Issue. pp. 1-29. Becker, Gary S. 1983. “A Theory of Competition among Pressure Groups for Political Influence”. Quarterly Journal of Economics. 98(3). pp. 371–400. Becker, Gary S. 1985. “Public Policies, Pressure Groups and Dead Weight Costs”, Journal of Public Economics. Vol: 28. Issue 3. Pages 329-347. Ben-Bassat, Avi. 2011. "Conflicts, Interest Groups, and Politics in Structural Reforms". The Journal of Law and Economics. 54. No. 4 (November): 937-952. Berksoy, Turgay and Ibrahim Demir. 2004. “Political Tax Cycles: Political Effects on Tax Burden”. In: Turkiye’de Vergi Kayip ve Kaçaklari, Önlenmesi Yollari (Tax Evasion, Tax Erosion, and Prevention Methods in Turkey). XIX. Turkiye Maliye Sempozyumu. 10-14 May. Belek/Antalya. Yaklasim Yayincilik. Agustos. 513-532. Bussiere, Matthieu and Christian Mulder. 1999. “Political Instability and Economic Vulnerability”. IMF Working Paper. WP. 99/46. 1-37. Congleton, Roger D. 2003. “Informational Limits to Democratic Public Policy”, 11-09-03. www.soc.nii.ac.jp/jepa/2003/40t2.pdf Congleton, R., Hillman, A. L. and Konrad, K. (editors). 2008. 40 Years Of Rent-Seeking Research. Springer. Heidelberg. Dziuda, Wioletta and Antoine Loeper. 2016. "Dynamic Collective Choice with Endogenous Status Quo". Journal of Political Economy. No. 4 (August). 1148-1186. Dodd, Lawrence C. 1976. Coalitions in Parliamentary Government. NJ: Princeton University Press. Downs, Anthony. 1957. An Economic Theory of Democracy. New York: Harper. Espín-Sánchez, José Antonio. 2015. “Institutional Inertia: Persistent Inefficient Institutions in Spain”. DT SEHA Working Paper 64. Available at: http://repositori.uji.es/xmlui/handle/10234/140945 Fernandez, Raquez and Dani Rodrik. 1991. “Status Quo Bias in the Presence of Individual-Specific Uncertainty”. American Economic Review. Vol. 81, Issue 5, (Dec.). 1146-1155. Galbraith, John K. 1992. The Culture of Contentment, Houghton Mifflin. New York. Heinrich, Torsten and Henning Schwardt. 2013. “Institutional Inertia and Institutional Change in an Expanding Normal-Form Game”. Games. 3. 4. 398-425. doi:10.3390/g4030398 Helm, Carsten and Michael Neugart. 2013. “Coalition Governments and Policy Reform with Asymmetric Information”. Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics. Volume 169. Number 3. September. pp. 383-406(24). Hodgson, Geoffrey M. 2004. “Reclaiming habit for institutional economics”. Journal of Economic Psychology. 25. 651–660. James, William. 1893. Psychology: Briefer course. Holt. New York. Jensen, Michael and William H. Meckling. 1976. “Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure”. Journal of Financial Economics. 1976. Vol. 3. Issue 4. pages 305-360. Jost, John T. 2015. “Resistance to Change: A Social Psychological Perspective”. Social Research. Vol 82. No 3. 607-636. Keynes, John Maynard. 1936. The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. MacMillan. London. Kingston, Christopher and Gonzalo Caballero Miguez. 2009. “Comparing theories of institutional change”. Journal of Institutional Economics. Vol. 5. Issue 02. Pages 151-180. Landes, W. and Posner, R. 1975. “The Independent Judiciary in an Interest-Group Perspective”. Journal of Law and Economics. 18(3), 875-901. Lazear, Edward. 2012. “Leadership: A Personnel Economics Approach,” Labour Economics”. Volume 19. Issue 1. January. Pages 92-101. Lazear, Edward P. and Kathryn L. Shaw. 2007. “Personnel Economics: The Economist’s View of Human Resources”. Journal of Economic Perspectives. Volume 21. Number 4. Fal. Pages 91–114. Lindvall J. 2010. “Power sharing and reform capacity”. Journal of Theoretical Politics. 22(3): 1–18. Lindvall, J. 2017 (forthcoming). The reform capacity of coalition governments. Oxford: Oxford University. Mises, Ludvig von. 1944. The Omnipotent Government The Rise of the Total State and Total War. Yale University Press. New Haven. Niskanen, William. 1971. Bureaucracy and Representative Government, Chicago: Aldine-Atherton. Nordhaus, William D. 1975. “The Political Business Cycle”. The Review of Economic Studies. Vol. 42. No. 2 (Apr.). pp. 169-190. North, Douglass C. 1990. Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. Olson, Mancur. 1965. The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups. Harvard University Press. Cambridge. Olson, Mancur. 1982. The Rise and Decline of Nations: Economic Growth, Stagflation, and Social Rigidities. Yale University Press. New Haven. O’Toole, James. 1995. Leading Change, Overcoming the Ideology of Comfort and the Tyranny of Custom, San Francisco: Jossey Basas Publ. Pareto, V. 1906/1972. Manual of Political Economy. (Translated by Ann S. Schwier. Edited by Ann S. Schwier and Alfred N. Page). MacMillan. Robin, Corey. 2011. The Reactionary Mind: Conservatism from Edmund Burke to Sarah Palin. Oxford University Press. Oxford. Rostow, W. W. 1959. “The Stages of Economic Growth”. The Economic History Review. New Series. Vol. 12, No. 1. pp. 1-16. Russell, Bertrand. 1912. The Problems of Philosophy. Henry Holt and Company. New York. Samuelson, William and Richard ZeckHauser. 1988. “Status Quo Bias in Decision Making”. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty. (1). 7-59. Schumpeter, Joseph A. Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy. Harper and Row. New York. 1942. Somin, Ilya and Sanford Levinson. 2009. "Democracy, Political Ignorance, and Constitutional Reform," University of Pennsylvania Law Review Online. Vol. 157: Iss. 1, Article 5. Available at: http://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/penn_law_review_online/vol157/iss1/5 Somin, Ilya. 2013/2016. Democracy and Political Ignorance Why Smaller Government is Smarter. (2nd ed.). Standford Law Books. Standford University Press. Stanford, California. Tollison, Robert D. 2012. “The economic theory of rent seeking”. Public Choice. Vol. 152. No.1/2. The intellectual legacy of Gordon Tullock (July). pp. 73-82.
Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
|---|---|
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Aralık 2016 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2016 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2 |