Araştırma Makalesi
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Türkiye'de Gençlerin Siyasal Katılımı: Motivasyon Olarak Sosyal Medya

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 605 - 625, 30.03.2021
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.804311

Öz

Literatür temelde gençlerin siyasete karşı ilgisiz olduklarının; siyasetle ilgilenmediklerinin ve sadece yaşam tarzlarını doğrudan etkileyen konulara dikkat ettiklerinin altını çizmektedir. Ancak bu varsayımlar, siyasal katılımın değişen örüntülerini/ şekillerini ve gençlerin bu süre zarfında ulaşabilecekleri kanalların karmaşıklığını yanlış değerlendirmektedir. İnternet, maliyeti düşürerek ve dünyanın her yerinden bilgiye erişim olanağı sağlayarak siyasi katılım yelpazesini genişletmiş ve yeni siyasi katılım yolları açmaktadır. Gençler, siyasi partilere üye olmayabilirler, ancak sivil toplum gruplarında aktiftirler; genel seçimlere gitmeyebilirler ancak belirli konular hakkında görüş bildirmektedirler. Bu durum, gençlerin siyasi olarak aktif olmaları ve harekete geçmeleri için yeni fırsatlar sunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı internetin ve sosyal medyanın Türkiye'deki gençlerin siyasal katılımı üzerindeki etkisini görmek ve sosyal medyayı siyasi partilerin ve sivil toplum örgütlerinin genç üyeleri arasında siyasi katılım için bir motivasyon olarak analiz etmektir. Çalışmanın argümanı sosyal medyanın, gençleri, siyasi partilerin faaliyetlerini görerek ve okuyarak siyasi partilere katılmaya motive ederken; sivil/ kamusal görevleri teşvik ederek gençleri sivil topluma katılmaya motive ettiği yönündedir. Bu çalışma bu varsayımı değerlendirmek için AK Parti, CHP ve GoFor'dan (Gençlik Örgütleri Forumu) 30 katılımcı (her birinden 10 katılımcı) ile mülakat yapılmıştır. Argümanımızı ölçmek için 14 sorudan oluşan yarı yapılandırılmış bir görüşme formu oluşturduk ve sorularımız AK Parti ve CHP gençlik kolları yönetici üyelerine ve Türkiye'deki sivil toplumun temsilcisi olarak GoFor'un (Gençlik Örgütleri Forumu) yönetici üyelerine sorduk. Mülakatların içeriği MaxQda yazılımı ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın bulguları, Türkiye’de siyasi meselelere önem veren ve siyaset/ siyasi gelişmeler hakkında okuyan, araştıran ve bunlarla ilgilenen gençlerin çevrimiçi arenada da siyasi meseleleri okuyan, araştıran ve bunlara katılanlar olduğunu göstermektedir. 

Destekleyen Kurum

Tübitak

Proje Numarası

2211-A Grant Programme

Teşekkür

Tübitak

Kaynakça

  • Anduiza, E., Cantijoch, M., & Gallego, A. (2009). Political participation and the Internet: A field essay. Information, Communication & Society, 12(6), 860-878. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691180802282720
  • Arnett, J. J. (2014). Emerging adulthood: The winding road from the late teens through the twenties. Oxford University Press.
  • Bang, H., & Sørensen, E. (2001). The everyday maker: building political rather than social capital. In Social capital and participation in everyday life (148-162). Routledge.
  • Baumgartner, J. C., & Morris, J. S. (2010). MyFaceTube politics: Social networking web sites and political engagement of young adults. Social Science Computer Review, 28(1), 24-44. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439309334325
  • Bennett WL. (2008). Changing citizenship in the digital age. In: Bennett WL (ed.) Civic Life Online: Learning How Digital Media Can Engage Youth. Boston, MA: MIT Press, 1-24.
  • Boyd, D. M. & Ellison. N. B. (2008). Social Network Sites: definition, history and scholarship. Journal of Computer-Mediatied Communication, (13), 210-230. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.x
  • Brady, H. E. (1999). Political participation. Measures of political attitudes, 2, 737-801.
  • Castells, M. (1997). The Power of Identity. Basil Blackwell, Oxford.
  • Dahlberg, L. (2004). The Habermasian public sphere: A specification of the idealized conditions of democratic communication. Studies in social and political thought, 10(10), 2-18.
  • Dalton, R. J. (2008). Citizenship norms and the expansion of political participation. Political Studies, 56(1), 76–98. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2007.00718.x
  • Della Porta, D., & Mosca, L. (2005). Global-net for global movements? A network of networks for a movement of movements. Journal of Public Policy, 25(1), 165-190. : https://doi.org/10.1017/S0143814X0
  • Delli Carpini, M. X. (2000). Gen. com: Youth, civic engagement, and the new information environment. Political communication, 17(4), 341-349. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584600050178942
  • Downs, A. (1957). An economic theory of political action in a democracy. Journal of political economy, 65(2), 135-150.
  • Easton, D., & Dennis, J. (1967). The child's acquisition of regime norms: Political efficacy. American Political Science Review, 61(1), 25-38. https://doi.org/10.2307/1953873
  • Erdoğan, E. (2003). Türk gençliği ve siyasal katılım: 1999-2003. İstanbul: Toplumsal Katılım ve Gelişim Vakfı.
  • Fernback, J. (1997). The individual within the collective: virtual ideology and the realization of collective principles in: S. G. Jones (Ed.) Virtual culture: identity and communication in cybersociety (London, SAGE).
  • Fierro Arias, D., & Moreno Hernández, A. (2007). Emerging adulthood in Mexican and Spanish youth: Theories and realities. Journal of Adolescent Research, 22(5), 476-503. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558407305774
  • Gil de Zúñiga, H., Jung, N., & Valenzuela, S. (2012). Social media use for news and individuals' social capital, civic engagement and political participation. Journal of computer-mediated communication, 17(3), 319-336. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2012.01574.x
  • Habermas, J. (1991). The structural transformation of the public sphere: An inquiry into a category of bourgeois society. MIT press.
  • Hooghe, M., & Dejaeghere, Y. (2007). Does the ‘monitorial citizen’ exist? An empirical investigation into the occurrence of postmodern forms of citizenship in the Nordic countries. Scandinavian Political Studies, 30(2), 249-271. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9477.2007.00180.x
  • Inglehart, R., & Catterberg, G. (2002). Trends in political action: The developmental trend and the post-honeymoon decline. International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 43(3-5), 300-316. https://doi.org/10.1177/002071520204300305
  • Inglehart, R. (1997). Modernization and postmodernization: Cultural, economic, and political change in 43 societies. Princeton University Press.
  • Jenkins, H., & Deuze, M. (2008). Convergence culture. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies. Sage Publications.
  • Jenkins, H., & Ito, M. (2015). Participatory culture in a networked era: A conversation on youth, learning, commerce, and politics. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Karaman, M. L. (1990) “Sivil Toplum Kavrami ve Türkiye Üzerine Degerlendirmeler: Bir Yeniden Bakis.” Türkiye Günlügü, 10: 4- 22.
  • Karaman, M. L., & Aras, B. (2000). The crisis of civil society in Turkey. Journal of Economic and Social Research, 2(2), 39-58.
  • Kentel, F. (2005). Türkiye'de genc olmak: konformizm ya da siyasetin yeniden insasI. Birikim, 196: 11–17.
  • Kirby, E. H., & Kawashima, K. (2009). The youth vote in 2008. CIRCLE Fact Sheet.
  • Kovacheva, S. (2005). Will youth rejuvenate the patterns of political participation. Revisiting youth political participation, 19-29.
  • Kraemer, K. L., King, J. L., Dunkle, D. E. & Lane, J. P. (1989). Management Information Systems: Change and Control in Organizational Computing. JosseyBass Publishers, San Francisco.
  • Kriesi, H. (2007). The role of European integration in national election campaigns. European Union Politics, 8(1), 83-108. https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116507073288
  • Manovich, L. (2003). New media from Borges to HTML. The new media reader, 1(2), 13-25.
  • Mossberger, K., Tolbert, C. J. & McNeal, R. S. (2008). Digital citizenship: The Internet, society, and participation, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Neyzi, L. (2001). Object or Subject? The Paradox of “Youth” in Turkey. International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 33, 411-432. https://doi.org/10.3917/autr.018.0101
  • Norris, P. (2002). Democratic Phoenix: Reinventing Political Activism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Norris, P. (Ed.). (1999). Critical citizens: Global support for democratic government. OUP Oxford.
  • Oktar, S. (2001). Demir Üçgen: Türkiye’de Gençliğin Katılımını Anlamak. Türk Gençliği ve Katılım: Katıl ve Geleceğini Yarat, İstanbul: ARI Düşünce ve Toplumsal Gelişim Derneği Yayınları.
  • Rossi, F. M. (2009). Youth political participation: is this the end of generational cleavage? International sociology, 24(4), 467-497. https://doi.org/10.1177/0268580909334498
  • Shah, D. V., McLeod, J. M., & Yoon, S. H. (2001). Communication, context, and community: An exploration of print, broadcast, and Internet influences. Communication research, 28(4), 464-506. https://doi.org/10.1177/009365001028004005
  • Quintelier, E., & Vissers, S. (2008). The effect of Internet use on political participation: An analysis of survey results for 16-year-olds in Belgium. Social Science Computer Review, 26(4), 411-427. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439307312631
  • Quintelier, E. (2007). Differences in political participation between young and old people. Contemporary politics, 13(2), 165-180. https://doi.org/10.1080/13569770701562658
  • Shirky, C. (2011). The political power of social media: Technology, the public sphere, and political change. Foreign affairs, 28-41.
  • Smith, A. W., Schlozman, K. L., Verba, S., & Brady, H. (2009). The Internet and civic engagement. Washington, DC: Pew Internet & American Life Project.
  • Van Dijk, J. (2020). The network society. Sage.
  • Valenzuela, S., Park, N., & Kee, K. F. (2009). Is there social capital in a social network site?: Facebook use and college students' life satisfaction, trust, and participation. Journal of computer-mediated communication, 14(4), 875-901. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.01474.x
  • Verba, S., & Nie. N. (1972). Participation in America. New York: Harper & Row.
  • Verba, S., Schlozman, K. L., & Brady, H. E. (1995). Voice and equality: Civic voluntarism in American politics. Harvard University Press.
  • Wang, Q. E., Myers, M. D., & Sundaram, D. (2013). Digital natives and digital immigrants. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 5(6), 409-419.
  • Zukin, C., Keeter, S., Andolina, M., Jenkins, K., & Carpini, M. X. D. (2006). A new engagement?: Political participation, civic life, and the changing American citizen. Oxford University Press.

Political Participation of Youth in Turkey: Social Media as a Motivation

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 605 - 625, 30.03.2021
https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.804311

Öz

The literature mainly underlines that young people are apathetic; they are not interested in politics, and they only give attention to the matters that directly affect their lifestyles. However, these assumptions miscalculate the changing patterns of political participation and the complexity of the channels that young people can reach in this time. The Internet has opened new ways of political participation by lowering the cost and providing the opportunity to access information from all over the world, enhancing the spectrum of political participation. Young people may not be members of political parties, but they are active in civil society groups; they may not hold general elections, but they do comment on certain issues. This situation provides new opportunities for young people to become politically active and mobilized. The main aim of this study is to see the impact of internet/ social media on the political participation of youth in Turkey, and to analyze the social media as a motivation of political participation among the young members of political parties and civil society. The main argument is that social media motivates young people to participate in political parties by seeing and reading about their activities while motivating young people to participate in civil society by encouraging civic duties. To investigate this, we made an interview with 30 executive members (10 from each organization), from AK Party, CHP, and GoFor (Gençlik Örgütleri Forumu) and analyze the content via MaxQda software. The finding of the study is that young people who tend to care about political issues and the ones who read, research, and become engaged in politics are also the ones reading, researching, and engaging in political issues in the online arena in Turkey.

Proje Numarası

2211-A Grant Programme

Kaynakça

  • Anduiza, E., Cantijoch, M., & Gallego, A. (2009). Political participation and the Internet: A field essay. Information, Communication & Society, 12(6), 860-878. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691180802282720
  • Arnett, J. J. (2014). Emerging adulthood: The winding road from the late teens through the twenties. Oxford University Press.
  • Bang, H., & Sørensen, E. (2001). The everyday maker: building political rather than social capital. In Social capital and participation in everyday life (148-162). Routledge.
  • Baumgartner, J. C., & Morris, J. S. (2010). MyFaceTube politics: Social networking web sites and political engagement of young adults. Social Science Computer Review, 28(1), 24-44. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439309334325
  • Bennett WL. (2008). Changing citizenship in the digital age. In: Bennett WL (ed.) Civic Life Online: Learning How Digital Media Can Engage Youth. Boston, MA: MIT Press, 1-24.
  • Boyd, D. M. & Ellison. N. B. (2008). Social Network Sites: definition, history and scholarship. Journal of Computer-Mediatied Communication, (13), 210-230. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.x
  • Brady, H. E. (1999). Political participation. Measures of political attitudes, 2, 737-801.
  • Castells, M. (1997). The Power of Identity. Basil Blackwell, Oxford.
  • Dahlberg, L. (2004). The Habermasian public sphere: A specification of the idealized conditions of democratic communication. Studies in social and political thought, 10(10), 2-18.
  • Dalton, R. J. (2008). Citizenship norms and the expansion of political participation. Political Studies, 56(1), 76–98. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2007.00718.x
  • Della Porta, D., & Mosca, L. (2005). Global-net for global movements? A network of networks for a movement of movements. Journal of Public Policy, 25(1), 165-190. : https://doi.org/10.1017/S0143814X0
  • Delli Carpini, M. X. (2000). Gen. com: Youth, civic engagement, and the new information environment. Political communication, 17(4), 341-349. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584600050178942
  • Downs, A. (1957). An economic theory of political action in a democracy. Journal of political economy, 65(2), 135-150.
  • Easton, D., & Dennis, J. (1967). The child's acquisition of regime norms: Political efficacy. American Political Science Review, 61(1), 25-38. https://doi.org/10.2307/1953873
  • Erdoğan, E. (2003). Türk gençliği ve siyasal katılım: 1999-2003. İstanbul: Toplumsal Katılım ve Gelişim Vakfı.
  • Fernback, J. (1997). The individual within the collective: virtual ideology and the realization of collective principles in: S. G. Jones (Ed.) Virtual culture: identity and communication in cybersociety (London, SAGE).
  • Fierro Arias, D., & Moreno Hernández, A. (2007). Emerging adulthood in Mexican and Spanish youth: Theories and realities. Journal of Adolescent Research, 22(5), 476-503. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558407305774
  • Gil de Zúñiga, H., Jung, N., & Valenzuela, S. (2012). Social media use for news and individuals' social capital, civic engagement and political participation. Journal of computer-mediated communication, 17(3), 319-336. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2012.01574.x
  • Habermas, J. (1991). The structural transformation of the public sphere: An inquiry into a category of bourgeois society. MIT press.
  • Hooghe, M., & Dejaeghere, Y. (2007). Does the ‘monitorial citizen’ exist? An empirical investigation into the occurrence of postmodern forms of citizenship in the Nordic countries. Scandinavian Political Studies, 30(2), 249-271. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9477.2007.00180.x
  • Inglehart, R., & Catterberg, G. (2002). Trends in political action: The developmental trend and the post-honeymoon decline. International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 43(3-5), 300-316. https://doi.org/10.1177/002071520204300305
  • Inglehart, R. (1997). Modernization and postmodernization: Cultural, economic, and political change in 43 societies. Princeton University Press.
  • Jenkins, H., & Deuze, M. (2008). Convergence culture. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies. Sage Publications.
  • Jenkins, H., & Ito, M. (2015). Participatory culture in a networked era: A conversation on youth, learning, commerce, and politics. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Karaman, M. L. (1990) “Sivil Toplum Kavrami ve Türkiye Üzerine Degerlendirmeler: Bir Yeniden Bakis.” Türkiye Günlügü, 10: 4- 22.
  • Karaman, M. L., & Aras, B. (2000). The crisis of civil society in Turkey. Journal of Economic and Social Research, 2(2), 39-58.
  • Kentel, F. (2005). Türkiye'de genc olmak: konformizm ya da siyasetin yeniden insasI. Birikim, 196: 11–17.
  • Kirby, E. H., & Kawashima, K. (2009). The youth vote in 2008. CIRCLE Fact Sheet.
  • Kovacheva, S. (2005). Will youth rejuvenate the patterns of political participation. Revisiting youth political participation, 19-29.
  • Kraemer, K. L., King, J. L., Dunkle, D. E. & Lane, J. P. (1989). Management Information Systems: Change and Control in Organizational Computing. JosseyBass Publishers, San Francisco.
  • Kriesi, H. (2007). The role of European integration in national election campaigns. European Union Politics, 8(1), 83-108. https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116507073288
  • Manovich, L. (2003). New media from Borges to HTML. The new media reader, 1(2), 13-25.
  • Mossberger, K., Tolbert, C. J. & McNeal, R. S. (2008). Digital citizenship: The Internet, society, and participation, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Neyzi, L. (2001). Object or Subject? The Paradox of “Youth” in Turkey. International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 33, 411-432. https://doi.org/10.3917/autr.018.0101
  • Norris, P. (2002). Democratic Phoenix: Reinventing Political Activism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Norris, P. (Ed.). (1999). Critical citizens: Global support for democratic government. OUP Oxford.
  • Oktar, S. (2001). Demir Üçgen: Türkiye’de Gençliğin Katılımını Anlamak. Türk Gençliği ve Katılım: Katıl ve Geleceğini Yarat, İstanbul: ARI Düşünce ve Toplumsal Gelişim Derneği Yayınları.
  • Rossi, F. M. (2009). Youth political participation: is this the end of generational cleavage? International sociology, 24(4), 467-497. https://doi.org/10.1177/0268580909334498
  • Shah, D. V., McLeod, J. M., & Yoon, S. H. (2001). Communication, context, and community: An exploration of print, broadcast, and Internet influences. Communication research, 28(4), 464-506. https://doi.org/10.1177/009365001028004005
  • Quintelier, E., & Vissers, S. (2008). The effect of Internet use on political participation: An analysis of survey results for 16-year-olds in Belgium. Social Science Computer Review, 26(4), 411-427. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439307312631
  • Quintelier, E. (2007). Differences in political participation between young and old people. Contemporary politics, 13(2), 165-180. https://doi.org/10.1080/13569770701562658
  • Shirky, C. (2011). The political power of social media: Technology, the public sphere, and political change. Foreign affairs, 28-41.
  • Smith, A. W., Schlozman, K. L., Verba, S., & Brady, H. (2009). The Internet and civic engagement. Washington, DC: Pew Internet & American Life Project.
  • Van Dijk, J. (2020). The network society. Sage.
  • Valenzuela, S., Park, N., & Kee, K. F. (2009). Is there social capital in a social network site?: Facebook use and college students' life satisfaction, trust, and participation. Journal of computer-mediated communication, 14(4), 875-901. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.01474.x
  • Verba, S., & Nie. N. (1972). Participation in America. New York: Harper & Row.
  • Verba, S., Schlozman, K. L., & Brady, H. E. (1995). Voice and equality: Civic voluntarism in American politics. Harvard University Press.
  • Wang, Q. E., Myers, M. D., & Sundaram, D. (2013). Digital natives and digital immigrants. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 5(6), 409-419.
  • Zukin, C., Keeter, S., Andolina, M., Jenkins, K., & Carpini, M. X. D. (2006). A new engagement?: Political participation, civic life, and the changing American citizen. Oxford University Press.
Toplam 49 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sosyoloji
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Özge Öz Döm 0000-0001-6569-2261

Yılmaz Bingöl 0000-0002-9077-6798

Proje Numarası 2211-A Grant Programme
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Mart 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Öz Döm, Ö., & Bingöl, Y. (2021). Political Participation of Youth in Turkey: Social Media as a Motivation. İnsan Ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 10(1), 605-625. https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.804311
İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi  Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.