Öz
Yüzyılın başından itibaren, kıta felsefesi ve analitik felsefe arasındaki tartışmalı ayrımın ötesine geçmeye çalışan ve özellikle fenomenolojinin birleştirici bir rol oynadığı girişimlere daha çok rastlamaya başladık. İki gelenek arasındaki köprünün fenomenoloji üzerinden kurulması, fenomenoloji ve analitik felsefenin kökende ortak sorulardan yola çıkmış olmalarına, tarihsel gelişimleri boyunca yollarının çeşitli şekillerde tekrar tekrar kesişmesine ve kısmen de felsefeden beklentilerin benzerliğine bağlanabilir. Makale iki felsefe arasındaki gelgitli ilişkiyi “anlam” sorusu üzerinden ele alıyor ve son yıllarda özellikle zihin felsefesi alanında ortaya çıkan işbirliğinin arka planını açık kılmaya çalışıyor. İlk bölüm doğuşlarında aynı sorundan yola çıkan, ama biri dilsel anlamı ve dilsel analizi merkeze alan, diğeri dilsel anlamın içinde ortaya çıktığı dilsel bilinç yaşantılarının analizine dayanan iki felsefeyi karşı karşıya koyuyor. İkinci bölüm fenomenolojide anlamın, sadece ifade yaşantılarına özgü olarak değil de tüm bilinç yaşantılarına içkin bir şey olarak kavrandığını; anlam kavramının bu şekilde genişlemesinin, analitik felsefeden gelen bir ilhamla nasıl bir yönelimsellik yorumuna yol açtığını açıklıyor. Üçüncü ve son bölüm ise fenomenolojinin, dilsel anlam ile dolaysız deneyimde kurulan dilöncesi anlam arasında varolduğunu ileri sürdüğü genetik ilişkiyi ele alıyor. Ayrıca sadece dilsel anlamı açık kılmayı amaçlayan dilsel bir analizle sınırlı bir felsefenin, bir deneyim kuramıyla tamamlanması gerektiği öne sürüyor. Fenomenoloji, bilinçdünya korelasyonunun özsel yapılarını ve bunların genetik kuruluşunu betimleyen bir felsefe olmasıyla, dilsel anlam sorusunu önceleyen, dolayısıyla da olanaklı bir dil felsefesini tamamlayacak olan bir deneyim kuramını ortaya koyma görevini üstlenebilir. Analitik zihin felsefesinde yürütülen güncel tartışmalarda fenomenolojinin bu olası katkısı fark edilmiş görünmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Fenomenoloji analitik felsefe anlam dilsel anlam yönelimsellik
Kaynakça
- Beaney, Michael. “What is analytic philosophy?.” The Oxford Handbook of The History of Analytic Philosophy. Derleyen Michael Beaney, 3-29. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013. google scholar
- Bernet, Rudolf. Kern, Iso ve Marbach Eduard. An Introduction to Husserlian Phenomenology. Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1993. google scholar
- Critchley, Simon. Continental Philosophy: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001 google scholar
- Dastur, Françoise. Husserl Des mathematiques a l’histoire. Paris: PUF, 1999. google scholar
- Dummett, Michael. The Origins of Analytical Philosophy. London, New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2014. google scholar
- Embree, Lester ve Mohanty, J. N. Encylopedia of Phenomenology adlı kitaba giriş, 1-10. Dordrecht: Springer-Science+Business Media, 1997. google scholar
- F0llesdal, Dagfinn. "Husserl’s Notion of Noema." The Journal of Philosophy 66 (1969): 680-687. google scholar
- F0llesdal, Dagfinn. “Noema and Meaning in Husserl.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 50 (1990): 263-271 google scholar
- Frege, Gottlob. “Über Sinn und Bedeutung.” Zeitschrift für Philosophie und philosophische Kritik 100 (1892): 25-50. google scholar
- Frege, Gottlob. “Der Gedanke. Eine logische Untersuchung.” Beitrage zur Philosophie des deutschen Idealismus 2 (1918-1919), 58-77. google scholar
- Frege, Gottlob. Aritmetiğin Temelleri. Çeviren H. Bülent Gözkân. İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları, 2014. google scholar
- Frege, Gottlob. Ecrits logiques etphilosophiques. Çeviren Claude Imbert. Paris: Editions du Seuil, 1971. google scholar
- Gallgher, Shaun ve Zahavi, Dan. The Phenomenological Mind. London & New York: Routkedge, 2021. google scholar
- Glendinning, Simon. The Idea of Continental Philosophy: A Philosophical Chronicle. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2006. google scholar
- Glock, Hans-Johann. Analitik Felsefe Nedir?. Çeviren Osman Baran Kaplan. İstanbul: Albaraka Yayınları, 2020. google scholar
- Güven, Özgüç. "Analitik Felsefenin Tanımlayıcı Özellikleri Üzerine." Kutadgubilig: Felsefe- Bilim Araştırmaları 28 (Ekim 2015):11-23. google scholar
- Horgan, T. “From agentive phenomenology to Cognitive Phenomenology: A guide for the perplexed.” Cognitive Phenomenology. Derleyen T. Bayne ve M. Montague. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011. google scholar
- Husserl, Edmund. Hua III/1. Ideen zu einer reinen Phanomenologie und phanomenologischen Philosophie. Erstes Buch. Editör Karl Schuhmann. Den Haag: M. Nijhoff, 1976. google scholar
- Husserl, Edmund. Hua XVII. Formale und Transzendentale Logik: Versuch einer Kritik der logischen Vernunft, Editör P. Janssen. Den Haag: M. Njhoff, 1974. google scholar
- Husserl, Edmund. Hua XVIII. Logische Untersuchungen. Erster Band: Prolegomena zur reinen Logik. Editör Holenstein Elmar. Den Haag: M. Njhoff, 1975. google scholar
- Husserl, Edmund. Hua XIX/1. Logische Untersuchungen. Zweiter Band - I. Teil: Untersuchungen zur Phanomenologie und Theorie der Erkenntnis. Editör U. Panzer. Den Haag: M. Njhoff, 1984. google scholar
- Husserl, Edmund. L’origine de la geometrie. Çeviren J. Derrida. Paris : PUF, 2010. google scholar
- Joumier, Laurent. “De la logique a la phenomenologie.” Lire Husserl. Paris: Ellipses, 2007. google scholar
- Joumier, Laurent. “Quel fosse separe les logiciens psychologues des mathematiciens: Husserl, Frege et la question de l’objectivite du sens.” Husserl et Frege. Les ambiguıtes de l’antipsychologisme. Editör Robert Brisant, 75-91. Paris: J. Vrin, 2002 google scholar
- Kriegel, Uriah. Subjective Consciousness: A Self-Representational Approach. Oxford & New York : Oxford University Press, 2009. google scholar
- Kriegel, Uriah. The Sources of Intentionality. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014. google scholar
- Kuşcu E. S. “Analitik Felsefe: Dile Dönüşten Ontolojiye Dönüşe.” Kutadgubilig: Felsefe- Bilim Araştırmaları 31 (2016): 117-141. google scholar
- Leclercq, Bruno, “Le tournant linguistique et son contre-virage phenomenologique.” Les etudes philosophiques 100 (2012/1): 7-26. google scholar
- Leiter, Brian ve Rosen, Michael (Derleyen). The Oxford Handbook of Continental Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007. google scholar
- Mendelovici, A. The Phenomenal Basis of Intentionality. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018. google scholar
- Merleau-Ponty, Maurice. Algının Fenomenolojisi. Çeviren Emine Sarıkartal & Eylem Hacımuratoğlu. İstanbul: İthaki, 2016. google scholar
- Moran, Dermot. “Analytic Philosophy and Phenomenology.” Researchgate (Ocak 2001): 409-433. Erişim 17 Aralık 2023, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269333164_Analytic_Philosophy_and_Phenomenology google scholar
- Moran, Dermot. Introduction to Phenomenology. London & New York: Routledge, 2000. google scholar
- Romano, Claude. Au caur de la raison, la phenomenologie. Paris: Gallimard, 2010. google scholar
- Schrift, Alan D. (Derleyen). The history of Continental Philosophy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010. google scholar
- Smith, David Woodruff. “The Role of Phenomenology in Analytic Philosophy.” The Oxford Handbook of The History of Analytic Philosophy. Derleyen Michael Beaney, 1117-1142. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013. google scholar
- Smith, David Woodruff ve Amie L. Thomasson (Derleyen). Phenomenology and Philosophy of Mind. Oxford & New York: Clarendon Press, 2005. google scholar
- Spiegelberg, Herbert. The Phenomenological Mouvement: A Historical Introduction. Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994. google scholar
- Pitt, D. “The Phenomenology of Cognition, or What itis Like to Think That P?.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 69/1 (2004):1-36 google scholar
- Wagner, Pierre. “The linguistic turn and other misconceptions about analytic philosophy.” Eurozine. (10 Haziran 2010): 1-15. Erişim 06 Aralık 2023, https://www.eurozine.com/the-linguistic-turn-and-other-misconceptions-about-analytic-philosophy/ google scholar
- Zahavi, Dan. Husserl’s Legacy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017. google scholar
Öz
Nowadays, a bridge is being built between continental philosophy and analytic philosophy through phenomenology. This can be attributed to the fact that phenomenology and analytic philosophy are rooted in common questions, that their paths have crossed again and again in various ways throughout their historical development, and partly to the similarity of philosophical expectations. The article addresses the tidal relationship between the two philosophies through the question of "meaning" and tries to clarify the background of the cooperation that has emerged in the field of philosophy of mind in recent years. The first part confronts two philosophies, one centred on meaning and linguistic analysis, the other on the analysis of linguistic acts of consciousness in which meaning emerges, through the encounter between Frege and Husserl. The second part explains how in phenomenology meaning is conceived not only as something specific to linguistic acts, but also as something that is immanent to all acts of consciousness; and how this extension of the concept of meaning leads to an interpretation of intentionality inspired by analytic philosophy. The third and last part deals with the genetic relation that phenomenology assumes between linguistic meaning and the pre-linguistic sense constituted in our immediate experience. It also argues that a philosophy soleyl limited to linguistic analysis should be complemented by a theory of experience. Phenomenology, as a philosophy that describes the essential structures of the correlation between consciousness and the world as well as their genetic constitution, can undertake the task of presenting a theory of experience that precedes the question of linguistic meaning and can therefore complement a philosophy of language. This possible contribution of phenomenology is becoming more recognised in current debates in analytic philosophy of mind.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Phenomenology analytic philosophy sense meaning intentionality
Kaynakça
- Beaney, Michael. “What is analytic philosophy?.” The Oxford Handbook of The History of Analytic Philosophy. Derleyen Michael Beaney, 3-29. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013. google scholar
- Bernet, Rudolf. Kern, Iso ve Marbach Eduard. An Introduction to Husserlian Phenomenology. Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1993. google scholar
- Critchley, Simon. Continental Philosophy: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001 google scholar
- Dastur, Françoise. Husserl Des mathematiques a l’histoire. Paris: PUF, 1999. google scholar
- Dummett, Michael. The Origins of Analytical Philosophy. London, New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2014. google scholar
- Embree, Lester ve Mohanty, J. N. Encylopedia of Phenomenology adlı kitaba giriş, 1-10. Dordrecht: Springer-Science+Business Media, 1997. google scholar
- F0llesdal, Dagfinn. "Husserl’s Notion of Noema." The Journal of Philosophy 66 (1969): 680-687. google scholar
- F0llesdal, Dagfinn. “Noema and Meaning in Husserl.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 50 (1990): 263-271 google scholar
- Frege, Gottlob. “Über Sinn und Bedeutung.” Zeitschrift für Philosophie und philosophische Kritik 100 (1892): 25-50. google scholar
- Frege, Gottlob. “Der Gedanke. Eine logische Untersuchung.” Beitrage zur Philosophie des deutschen Idealismus 2 (1918-1919), 58-77. google scholar
- Frege, Gottlob. Aritmetiğin Temelleri. Çeviren H. Bülent Gözkân. İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları, 2014. google scholar
- Frege, Gottlob. Ecrits logiques etphilosophiques. Çeviren Claude Imbert. Paris: Editions du Seuil, 1971. google scholar
- Gallgher, Shaun ve Zahavi, Dan. The Phenomenological Mind. London & New York: Routkedge, 2021. google scholar
- Glendinning, Simon. The Idea of Continental Philosophy: A Philosophical Chronicle. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2006. google scholar
- Glock, Hans-Johann. Analitik Felsefe Nedir?. Çeviren Osman Baran Kaplan. İstanbul: Albaraka Yayınları, 2020. google scholar
- Güven, Özgüç. "Analitik Felsefenin Tanımlayıcı Özellikleri Üzerine." Kutadgubilig: Felsefe- Bilim Araştırmaları 28 (Ekim 2015):11-23. google scholar
- Horgan, T. “From agentive phenomenology to Cognitive Phenomenology: A guide for the perplexed.” Cognitive Phenomenology. Derleyen T. Bayne ve M. Montague. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011. google scholar
- Husserl, Edmund. Hua III/1. Ideen zu einer reinen Phanomenologie und phanomenologischen Philosophie. Erstes Buch. Editör Karl Schuhmann. Den Haag: M. Nijhoff, 1976. google scholar
- Husserl, Edmund. Hua XVII. Formale und Transzendentale Logik: Versuch einer Kritik der logischen Vernunft, Editör P. Janssen. Den Haag: M. Njhoff, 1974. google scholar
- Husserl, Edmund. Hua XVIII. Logische Untersuchungen. Erster Band: Prolegomena zur reinen Logik. Editör Holenstein Elmar. Den Haag: M. Njhoff, 1975. google scholar
- Husserl, Edmund. Hua XIX/1. Logische Untersuchungen. Zweiter Band - I. Teil: Untersuchungen zur Phanomenologie und Theorie der Erkenntnis. Editör U. Panzer. Den Haag: M. Njhoff, 1984. google scholar
- Husserl, Edmund. L’origine de la geometrie. Çeviren J. Derrida. Paris : PUF, 2010. google scholar
- Joumier, Laurent. “De la logique a la phenomenologie.” Lire Husserl. Paris: Ellipses, 2007. google scholar
- Joumier, Laurent. “Quel fosse separe les logiciens psychologues des mathematiciens: Husserl, Frege et la question de l’objectivite du sens.” Husserl et Frege. Les ambiguıtes de l’antipsychologisme. Editör Robert Brisant, 75-91. Paris: J. Vrin, 2002 google scholar
- Kriegel, Uriah. Subjective Consciousness: A Self-Representational Approach. Oxford & New York : Oxford University Press, 2009. google scholar
- Kriegel, Uriah. The Sources of Intentionality. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014. google scholar
- Kuşcu E. S. “Analitik Felsefe: Dile Dönüşten Ontolojiye Dönüşe.” Kutadgubilig: Felsefe- Bilim Araştırmaları 31 (2016): 117-141. google scholar
- Leclercq, Bruno, “Le tournant linguistique et son contre-virage phenomenologique.” Les etudes philosophiques 100 (2012/1): 7-26. google scholar
- Leiter, Brian ve Rosen, Michael (Derleyen). The Oxford Handbook of Continental Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007. google scholar
- Mendelovici, A. The Phenomenal Basis of Intentionality. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018. google scholar
- Merleau-Ponty, Maurice. Algının Fenomenolojisi. Çeviren Emine Sarıkartal & Eylem Hacımuratoğlu. İstanbul: İthaki, 2016. google scholar
- Moran, Dermot. “Analytic Philosophy and Phenomenology.” Researchgate (Ocak 2001): 409-433. Erişim 17 Aralık 2023, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269333164_Analytic_Philosophy_and_Phenomenology google scholar
- Moran, Dermot. Introduction to Phenomenology. London & New York: Routledge, 2000. google scholar
- Romano, Claude. Au caur de la raison, la phenomenologie. Paris: Gallimard, 2010. google scholar
- Schrift, Alan D. (Derleyen). The history of Continental Philosophy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010. google scholar
- Smith, David Woodruff. “The Role of Phenomenology in Analytic Philosophy.” The Oxford Handbook of The History of Analytic Philosophy. Derleyen Michael Beaney, 1117-1142. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013. google scholar
- Smith, David Woodruff ve Amie L. Thomasson (Derleyen). Phenomenology and Philosophy of Mind. Oxford & New York: Clarendon Press, 2005. google scholar
- Spiegelberg, Herbert. The Phenomenological Mouvement: A Historical Introduction. Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994. google scholar
- Pitt, D. “The Phenomenology of Cognition, or What itis Like to Think That P?.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 69/1 (2004):1-36 google scholar
- Wagner, Pierre. “The linguistic turn and other misconceptions about analytic philosophy.” Eurozine. (10 Haziran 2010): 1-15. Erişim 06 Aralık 2023, https://www.eurozine.com/the-linguistic-turn-and-other-misconceptions-about-analytic-philosophy/ google scholar
- Zahavi, Dan. Husserl’s Legacy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017. google scholar
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Felsefe Tarihi (Diğer) |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 29 Aralık 2023 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 19 Kasım 2023 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 29 Aralık 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Sayı: 59 |
