Öz
İşgücü piyasasında işçi-işveren eşleşmesinin etkinliği işsiz kalma süresini ve doğal işsizlik oranını etkilemektedir. İşçi-işveren eşleşmesinin etkinliğini belirleyen unsurlardan biri işgücü piyasasında hangi iş arama kanallarının ne yoğunlukta kullanıldığıdır. Bu çalışmada hane halkı İşgücü Anketi mikro verileri kullanılarak Türkiye’de iş arama kanallarının kullanımının bireysel özelliklere ve zamana göre nasıl değiştiği doğrusal olmayan ekonometrik tahmin yöntemleri ile incelenmektedir. Bulgular, özellikle İŞKUR kanalı ile iş arama davranışının zaman içinde yaygınlaştığını göstermektedir. Kadınların İŞKUR ve özel istihdam ofislerine başvurma olasılıklarının erkeklere göre daha yüksek olduğu; öte yandan doğrudan başvuru ve eş-dost aracılığı ile iş aramaya daha az yöneldikleri saptanmaktadır. Yaş gruplarına bakıldığında doğrudan işverene başvuruların 25 yaş altındaki gençler arasında, eş dost aracılığıyla gayrı resmi kanallardan iş aramanın ise 45 yaş ve üstündeki işsizler arasında daha yaygın olduğu görülmektedir. İş arama süresine göre bakıldığında, kısa süreli işsizlere göre (0-2 ay) daha uzun süreli işsiz olanların neredeyse tüm iş kanallarını kullanma olasılıkları daha fazladır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Addison, J. T., Portugal, P. (2002). Job search methods and outcomes. Oxford Economic Papers, 54(3), 505-533. google scholar
- Bachmann, R., Baumgarten, D. (2013). How do the unemployed search for a job?-Evidence from the EU Labour Force Survey. IZA Journal of European Labor Studies, 2(1), 1-25. google scholar
- Barron, J. M., Mellow, W. (1979). Search effort in the labor market. Journal of Human Resources, 389-404. google scholar
- Barron, J. M., Black, D. A., Loewenstein, M. A. (1989). Job matching and on-the-job training. Journal of labor Economics, 7(1), 1-19. google scholar
- Caliendo, M., Schmidl, R., Uhlendorff, A. (2011). Social networks, job search methods and reservation wages: evidence for Germany. Interna-tional Journal of Manpower, 32(7), 796-824. google scholar
- Carlsson, M., Eriksson, S., Rooth, D. O. (2018). Job search methods and wages: are natives and immigrants different? The Manchester School, 86(2), 219-247. google scholar
- DeLoach, S. B., Kurt, M. (2013). Discouraging workers: Estimating the impacts of macroeconomic shocks on the search intensity of the unemployed. Journal of Labor Research, 34(4), 433-454. google scholar
- Dost, Z.D. (2014). İşsizlikle Mücadelede İş Arama Yöntemleri ve Türkiye İş Kurumu’nun Değerlendirilmesi, Uzmanlık Tezi, Türkiye İş Ku-rumu,Ankara google scholar
- Gregg, P., Wadsworth, J. (1996). How effective are state employment agencies? Jobcentre use and job matching in Britain. Oxford bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 58(3), 443-467. google scholar
- Holzer, H. J. (1988). Search method use by unemployed youth. Journal of labor economics, 6(1), 1-20. google scholar
- İŞKUR (2019). 2019 İstatistik Yıllığı.15 Şubat 2021 tarihinde https://www.iskur.gov.tr/kurumsal-bilgi/istatistikler/ adresinden erişildi. google scholar
- Karacsony, P., Izsak, T., & Vasa, L. (2020). Attitudes of Z generation to job searching through social media. Economics & Sociology, 13(4), 227-240. google scholar
- Mukoyama, T., Patterson, C., & Şahin, A. (2018). Job search behavior over the business cycle. American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 10(1), 190-215. google scholar
- Mussida, C., Zanin, L. (2020). Determinants of the Choice of Job Search Channels by the Unemployed Using a Multivariate Probit Model. Social Indicators Research, 152(1), 369-420. google scholar
- Ponzo, M., Scoppa, V. (2010). The use of informal networks in Italy: Efficiency or favoritism?. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 39(1), 89-99. google scholar
- Roper, S. (1988). Recruitment methods and vacancy duration. Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 35(1), 51-64. google scholar
- Şentürk, İ. (2019). Türkiye’de İşsizlerin İş Arama Yoğunluğu. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 14(3), 615-630. google scholar
- Tutar, K. (2015). Türkiye İşgücü Piyasasında İş Arama Kanallarının Niteliği. İş ve Hayat, 1(2), 93-106. google scholar
- Taşçı, H. M. (2008). Search and determinants of job search intensity in Turkey. METU Studies in Development, 35(2), 399. google scholar
- Weber, A., Mahringer, H. (2008). Choice and success of job search methods. Empirical Economics, 35(1), 153-178. google scholar
- Yankow, J. J. (2017). Employed job search among young workers: Do women still search differently than men in the internet age? International Advances in Economic Research, 23(2), 245-259. google scholar
Öz
The effectiveness of labor market matching affects the duration and natural rate of unemployment. In return, availability and prevalence of job search channels are important determinants of the effectiveness of the matching process. This study uses the Household Labor Force Survey (2014-2019) micro data to investigate the relationship between individual characteristics and choice of job search channel. The findings from the nonlinear econometric model show the use of the Turkish Employment Agency as a job search channel to have significantly increased over time. The results also show women to be more likely to apply to the Turkish Employment Agency or to private employment offices compared to men and to be less likely to apply to employers directly and search with the help of friends. Large heterogeneity also occurs across age groups. The results show directly applying to employers to be more common among young individuals under the age of 25, and looking for a job with the help of friends and relatives to be more common among individuals over 45. Finally, those who’ve been unemployed for 3 months or more are more likely to use any job search channel compared to those who have been unemployed for less than two months.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Addison, J. T., Portugal, P. (2002). Job search methods and outcomes. Oxford Economic Papers, 54(3), 505-533. google scholar
- Bachmann, R., Baumgarten, D. (2013). How do the unemployed search for a job?-Evidence from the EU Labour Force Survey. IZA Journal of European Labor Studies, 2(1), 1-25. google scholar
- Barron, J. M., Mellow, W. (1979). Search effort in the labor market. Journal of Human Resources, 389-404. google scholar
- Barron, J. M., Black, D. A., Loewenstein, M. A. (1989). Job matching and on-the-job training. Journal of labor Economics, 7(1), 1-19. google scholar
- Caliendo, M., Schmidl, R., Uhlendorff, A. (2011). Social networks, job search methods and reservation wages: evidence for Germany. Interna-tional Journal of Manpower, 32(7), 796-824. google scholar
- Carlsson, M., Eriksson, S., Rooth, D. O. (2018). Job search methods and wages: are natives and immigrants different? The Manchester School, 86(2), 219-247. google scholar
- DeLoach, S. B., Kurt, M. (2013). Discouraging workers: Estimating the impacts of macroeconomic shocks on the search intensity of the unemployed. Journal of Labor Research, 34(4), 433-454. google scholar
- Dost, Z.D. (2014). İşsizlikle Mücadelede İş Arama Yöntemleri ve Türkiye İş Kurumu’nun Değerlendirilmesi, Uzmanlık Tezi, Türkiye İş Ku-rumu,Ankara google scholar
- Gregg, P., Wadsworth, J. (1996). How effective are state employment agencies? Jobcentre use and job matching in Britain. Oxford bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 58(3), 443-467. google scholar
- Holzer, H. J. (1988). Search method use by unemployed youth. Journal of labor economics, 6(1), 1-20. google scholar
- İŞKUR (2019). 2019 İstatistik Yıllığı.15 Şubat 2021 tarihinde https://www.iskur.gov.tr/kurumsal-bilgi/istatistikler/ adresinden erişildi. google scholar
- Karacsony, P., Izsak, T., & Vasa, L. (2020). Attitudes of Z generation to job searching through social media. Economics & Sociology, 13(4), 227-240. google scholar
- Mukoyama, T., Patterson, C., & Şahin, A. (2018). Job search behavior over the business cycle. American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 10(1), 190-215. google scholar
- Mussida, C., Zanin, L. (2020). Determinants of the Choice of Job Search Channels by the Unemployed Using a Multivariate Probit Model. Social Indicators Research, 152(1), 369-420. google scholar
- Ponzo, M., Scoppa, V. (2010). The use of informal networks in Italy: Efficiency or favoritism?. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 39(1), 89-99. google scholar
- Roper, S. (1988). Recruitment methods and vacancy duration. Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 35(1), 51-64. google scholar
- Şentürk, İ. (2019). Türkiye’de İşsizlerin İş Arama Yoğunluğu. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 14(3), 615-630. google scholar
- Tutar, K. (2015). Türkiye İşgücü Piyasasında İş Arama Kanallarının Niteliği. İş ve Hayat, 1(2), 93-106. google scholar
- Taşçı, H. M. (2008). Search and determinants of job search intensity in Turkey. METU Studies in Development, 35(2), 399. google scholar
- Weber, A., Mahringer, H. (2008). Choice and success of job search methods. Empirical Economics, 35(1), 153-178. google scholar
- Yankow, J. J. (2017). Employed job search among young workers: Do women still search differently than men in the internet age? International Advances in Economic Research, 23(2), 245-259. google scholar
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Çalışma Ekonomisi |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Aralık 2023 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 23 Haziran 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Sayı: 85 |
