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The Age of Popular Protests

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 25, 607 - 617, 28.11.2021
https://doi.org/10.20990/kilisiibfakademik.980371

Öz

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to examine the difference between the global protests, which have increased unexpectedly in the last decade, from the global protests in the past. In this way, it is to show the main points between the global protests and to reveal how the mass demonstrations taking place around the world have changed numerically and regionally.
Design/Methodology: In the research, qualitative and quantitative research methods were used and the global protests that took place around the world, especially the developments that took place in the last ten years, were supported by graphics and maps. This study is a research article and literature review technique was used.
Findings: While every mass protest over the past decade has its own context, these global mass protests are based on common grievances such as economic hardship, ineffective governance, political crisis, ethnic and religious discrimination, and corruption. The interesting thing is that while our world is witnessing new technological inventions and discoveries every day, this dissatisfaction is increasing. At this point, not only the number of countries where these mass demonstrations took place has increased significantly in the last ten years, but also the number of participants in these demonstrations is increasing day by day. In addition, mass demonstrations are increasing not only in underdeveloped countries but also in developed and developing countries.
Limitations: The study examines the developments of the global protests that occurred around the world in the 10-year period between 2009-2019. In addition, it tries to examine the similarities between the protests from a global perspective by aiming to explain the global protests that took place in general.
Originality/Value: The originality of the research is that it examines the development of global protests, especially taking into account the last ten years, and tries to explain the difference between these protests and global protests in the past. In addition, the study tries to support the arguments it defends with graphics and maps obtained from statistical data.

Kaynakça

  • Aelst, V., & Walgrave, S. (2001). Who is that (wo)man in the street? From the normalisation of protest to the normalisation of the protester. European Journal of Political Research, 39(4), 461-486. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.00582
  • Arıboğan, D. Ü. (2019). Duvar: Tarih geri dönüyor. İnkılap Kitapevi.
  • Artner, A. (2004). Anti-globalization movements: The developments in Asia. Contemporary Politics, 10(3-4), 243-255. https://doi.org/10.1080/1356977042000316709
  • Auley, J. Mc. (2019, November, 16). ‘Yellow vest’ anniversary: What happened to the movement that shook France?. The Washington Post. https://tinyurl.com/u8599be
  • Ayres, J. M. (2004). Framing collective action against neoliberalism: The case of the ‘anti globalization’ movement. Journal of World-Systems Research, 10(1), 11-34. https://doi.org/10.5195/jwsr.2004.311
  • Black lives matter. (2020, August, 13). Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Black-Lives-Matter
  • Brannen, S. J., & Haig, C. S., & Schmidt, K. (2020). The age of mass protests: Understanding an escalating global trend. The Center for Strategic and International Studies Report, Washington, D.C. https://csis-website-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/publication/200303_MassProtests_V2.pdf?uL3KRAKjoHfmcnFENNWTXdUbf0Fk0Qke
  • Brzezinski, Z. (2008, December 16). The global political awakening. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/16/opinion/16iht-YEbrzezinski.1.18730411.html
  • Buttel, F. H. (2003). Some observations on the anti-globalisation movements. Australian Journal of Social Issues, 38(1), 95-116. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1839-4655.2003.tb01138.x
  • Casquete, J. (2006). The power of demonstrations. Social Movement Studies, 5(1), 45-60. https://doi.org/10.1080/14742830600621183
  • Center, M., & Arendt, D. (2020, September 1). Corporate resilience: How to anticipate mass protest and disruption. https://www.asisonline.org/security-management-magazine/articles/2020/09/corporate-resilience-how-to-anticipate-mass-protest-and-disruption/
  • Diuk, N. (2014). Euromaidan: Ukraine's self-organizing revolution. World Affairs, 176(6), 9-16. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43555086
  • Giugni , M., & Grasso, M. T. (2019). Protest politics and social movement activism in the age of globalization, In M. Giugni, & M. T. Grasso (Eds.), Street citizens. Cambridge University Press, 1-26, https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108693455.002
  • Global Protest Tracker. (2020). https://carnegieendowment.org/publications/interactive/protest-tracker
  • Gümrükçü, S. B. (2010). The rise of a social movement: The emergence of anti-globalization movements in Turkey. Turkish Studies, 11(2), 163-180. https://doi.org/10.1080/14683849.2010.483849
  • Haddad, M. (2021). Mapping major protests around the world. Aljazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/3/30/mapping-major-protests-around-the-world
  • Hong Kong protest: ‘Nearly two million’ join demonstration. (2019, June, 17). BBC. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-48656471
  • Köse, T. (2019, November, 18). The age of mass protests and the new logic of politics. Daily Sabah. https://www.dailysabah.com/columns/talhakose/2019/11/28/the-age-of-mass-protests-and-the-new-logic-of-politics
  • Lebanon protests. (2019). How whatsapp tax anger revealed a much deeper crisis. (7, November, 2019). BBC. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-50293636
  • Pinckney, J., & Rivers, M. (2020, March 25). Nonviolent action in the time of coronavirus. U.S. Institute of Peace, https://tinyurl.com/y93qxzdo
  • Porta, D. D. (2006). The global justice movement: An introduction. In D. Della Porta (Ed.), The global justice movement: Cross-national and transnational perspectives. Paradigm.
  • Porta, D. D., & Kriesi, H. (1999). Social movements in a globalising world: An introduction. In D. Della Porta, H. Kriesi, & D. Rucht (Eds.), Social movements in a globalising world (pp. 3-22). Macmillan.
  • Rénique, G. (2009). Latin America: The new neoliberalism and popular mobilization. Socialism and Democracy, 23(3), 1-26, https://doi.org/10.1080/08854300903290801
  • Roache, M. (2019, June, 4). While thousands march, President Trump dismisses London protests as ‘fake news’. Time. https://time.com/5600472/protest-trump-state-visit-uk/
  • Sherwood, D., & Miranda, N. A. R. (2019, October, 25). One million Chileans march in Santiago, city grinds to halt. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-chile-protests-idUSKBN1X4225
  • Smith, J. (2001). Globalizing resistance: The battle of seattle and the future of social movements. Mobilization: An International Quarterly, 6(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.17813/maiq.6.1.y63133434t8vq608
  • Tilly, C., & Tarrow, S. (2015). Contentious politics. Oxford University Press.
  • Uzgel, İ. (2018, October, 1). Küreselleşme karşıtı Trump ve ‘İlkeli Realizm’. Gazete Duvar. https://www.gazeteduvar.com.tr/yazarlar/2018/10/01/trump-ve-kuresellesme-karsiti-olarak-ilkeli-realizm-kavrami
  • Wallet, E. (2016). Borders, fences and walls: State of insecurity?. Routhledge.
  • Wanlund, B. (2020). Global protest movements: Can they lead to lasting change?, CQ Researcher, 30(17), 1-30. https://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/document.php?id=cqresrre2020050100

Küresel Protestolar Çağı

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 25, 607 - 617, 28.11.2021
https://doi.org/10.20990/kilisiibfakademik.980371

Öz

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, özellikle son on yılda dünya genelinde beklenmedik şekilde büyük bir artış gösteren küresel protestoların geçmişte meydana gelen küresel protestolardan farkını incelemektir. Böylelikle küresel protestolar arasındaki temel noktaları göstermek ve dünya çapında gerçekleşen kitlesel gösterilerin sayısal ve bölgesel olarak nasıl değiştiğini ortaya koymaktır.
Tasarım/Yöntem: Araştırmada nitel ve nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden yararlanılmış ve dünya çapında meydana gelen küresel protestolar özellikle son on yılda meydana gelen gelişmeler grafik ve haritalarla desteklenmiştir. Bu çalışma araştırma makalesi niteliğinde olup literatür incelemesi tekniği kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Son on yıllık dönemde meydana gelen her kitlesel protestonun kendine özgü birbağlamı olmasına rağmen, bu küresel kitlesel protestolar ekonomik zorluklar, etkisiz yönetim, siyasi kriz, etnik ve dini ayrımcılık ve yolsuzluk gibi ortak şikâyetlere dayanmaktadır. Dünyamız her geçen gün yeni teknolojik icatlara ve keşiflere sahne olurken, bu memnuniyetsizlik giderek artıyor. Geldiğimiz noktada, son on yılda sadece bu kitlesel gösterilerin gerçekleştiği ülke sayısı önemli ölçüde artmakla kalmamış, aynı zamanda bu gösterilere katılanların sayısı da her geçen gün artmaktadır. Ayrıca kitlesel gösteriler sadece az gelişmiş ülkelerde değil, gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerde de artmaktadır.
Sınırlılıklar: Çalışma genel olarak dünya genelinde meydana gelen küresel protestoların 2009-2019 arası 10 yıllık dönemdeki gelişmelerini incelemektedir. Bunun yanında meydana gelen küresel protestoları genel olarak açıklama amacı taşıyarak protestolar arasındaki benzerlikleri küresel bir bakış açısıyla incelemeye çalışmaktadır.
Özgünlük/Değer: Araştırmanın özgünlüğü küresel protestoların gelişimini özellikle son on yıllık dönemi dikkate alarak incelemesi ve bu protestoların geçmiş zamanlardaki küresel protestolardan farkını ortaya koyarak açıklamaya çalışmasıdır. Bunun yanında çalışma istatiksel verilerden elde edilen grafik ve haritalarla savunduğu argümanları desteklemeye çalışmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Aelst, V., & Walgrave, S. (2001). Who is that (wo)man in the street? From the normalisation of protest to the normalisation of the protester. European Journal of Political Research, 39(4), 461-486. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.00582
  • Arıboğan, D. Ü. (2019). Duvar: Tarih geri dönüyor. İnkılap Kitapevi.
  • Artner, A. (2004). Anti-globalization movements: The developments in Asia. Contemporary Politics, 10(3-4), 243-255. https://doi.org/10.1080/1356977042000316709
  • Auley, J. Mc. (2019, November, 16). ‘Yellow vest’ anniversary: What happened to the movement that shook France?. The Washington Post. https://tinyurl.com/u8599be
  • Ayres, J. M. (2004). Framing collective action against neoliberalism: The case of the ‘anti globalization’ movement. Journal of World-Systems Research, 10(1), 11-34. https://doi.org/10.5195/jwsr.2004.311
  • Black lives matter. (2020, August, 13). Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Black-Lives-Matter
  • Brannen, S. J., & Haig, C. S., & Schmidt, K. (2020). The age of mass protests: Understanding an escalating global trend. The Center for Strategic and International Studies Report, Washington, D.C. https://csis-website-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/publication/200303_MassProtests_V2.pdf?uL3KRAKjoHfmcnFENNWTXdUbf0Fk0Qke
  • Brzezinski, Z. (2008, December 16). The global political awakening. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/16/opinion/16iht-YEbrzezinski.1.18730411.html
  • Buttel, F. H. (2003). Some observations on the anti-globalisation movements. Australian Journal of Social Issues, 38(1), 95-116. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1839-4655.2003.tb01138.x
  • Casquete, J. (2006). The power of demonstrations. Social Movement Studies, 5(1), 45-60. https://doi.org/10.1080/14742830600621183
  • Center, M., & Arendt, D. (2020, September 1). Corporate resilience: How to anticipate mass protest and disruption. https://www.asisonline.org/security-management-magazine/articles/2020/09/corporate-resilience-how-to-anticipate-mass-protest-and-disruption/
  • Diuk, N. (2014). Euromaidan: Ukraine's self-organizing revolution. World Affairs, 176(6), 9-16. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43555086
  • Giugni , M., & Grasso, M. T. (2019). Protest politics and social movement activism in the age of globalization, In M. Giugni, & M. T. Grasso (Eds.), Street citizens. Cambridge University Press, 1-26, https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108693455.002
  • Global Protest Tracker. (2020). https://carnegieendowment.org/publications/interactive/protest-tracker
  • Gümrükçü, S. B. (2010). The rise of a social movement: The emergence of anti-globalization movements in Turkey. Turkish Studies, 11(2), 163-180. https://doi.org/10.1080/14683849.2010.483849
  • Haddad, M. (2021). Mapping major protests around the world. Aljazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/3/30/mapping-major-protests-around-the-world
  • Hong Kong protest: ‘Nearly two million’ join demonstration. (2019, June, 17). BBC. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-48656471
  • Köse, T. (2019, November, 18). The age of mass protests and the new logic of politics. Daily Sabah. https://www.dailysabah.com/columns/talhakose/2019/11/28/the-age-of-mass-protests-and-the-new-logic-of-politics
  • Lebanon protests. (2019). How whatsapp tax anger revealed a much deeper crisis. (7, November, 2019). BBC. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-50293636
  • Pinckney, J., & Rivers, M. (2020, March 25). Nonviolent action in the time of coronavirus. U.S. Institute of Peace, https://tinyurl.com/y93qxzdo
  • Porta, D. D. (2006). The global justice movement: An introduction. In D. Della Porta (Ed.), The global justice movement: Cross-national and transnational perspectives. Paradigm.
  • Porta, D. D., & Kriesi, H. (1999). Social movements in a globalising world: An introduction. In D. Della Porta, H. Kriesi, & D. Rucht (Eds.), Social movements in a globalising world (pp. 3-22). Macmillan.
  • Rénique, G. (2009). Latin America: The new neoliberalism and popular mobilization. Socialism and Democracy, 23(3), 1-26, https://doi.org/10.1080/08854300903290801
  • Roache, M. (2019, June, 4). While thousands march, President Trump dismisses London protests as ‘fake news’. Time. https://time.com/5600472/protest-trump-state-visit-uk/
  • Sherwood, D., & Miranda, N. A. R. (2019, October, 25). One million Chileans march in Santiago, city grinds to halt. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-chile-protests-idUSKBN1X4225
  • Smith, J. (2001). Globalizing resistance: The battle of seattle and the future of social movements. Mobilization: An International Quarterly, 6(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.17813/maiq.6.1.y63133434t8vq608
  • Tilly, C., & Tarrow, S. (2015). Contentious politics. Oxford University Press.
  • Uzgel, İ. (2018, October, 1). Küreselleşme karşıtı Trump ve ‘İlkeli Realizm’. Gazete Duvar. https://www.gazeteduvar.com.tr/yazarlar/2018/10/01/trump-ve-kuresellesme-karsiti-olarak-ilkeli-realizm-kavrami
  • Wallet, E. (2016). Borders, fences and walls: State of insecurity?. Routhledge.
  • Wanlund, B. (2020). Global protest movements: Can they lead to lasting change?, CQ Researcher, 30(17), 1-30. https://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/document.php?id=cqresrre2020050100
Toplam 30 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Uluslararası İlişkiler
Bölüm KONFERANS BİLDİRİLERİ
Yazarlar

Mesut Şöhret 0000-0003-4052-9286

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Kasım 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 25

Kaynak Göster

APA Şöhret, M. (2021). The Age of Popular Protests. Akademik Araştırmalar Ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD), 13(25), 607-617. https://doi.org/10.20990/kilisiibfakademik.980371
AMA Şöhret M. The Age of Popular Protests. Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD). Kasım 2021;13(25):607-617. doi:10.20990/kilisiibfakademik.980371
Chicago Şöhret, Mesut. “The Age of Popular Protests”. Akademik Araştırmalar Ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD) 13, sy. 25 (Kasım 2021): 607-17. https://doi.org/10.20990/kilisiibfakademik.980371.
EndNote Şöhret M (01 Kasım 2021) The Age of Popular Protests. Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD) 13 25 607–617.
IEEE M. Şöhret, “The Age of Popular Protests”, Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD), c. 13, sy. 25, ss. 607–617, 2021, doi: 10.20990/kilisiibfakademik.980371.
ISNAD Şöhret, Mesut. “The Age of Popular Protests”. Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD) 13/25 (Kasım 2021), 607-617. https://doi.org/10.20990/kilisiibfakademik.980371.
JAMA Şöhret M. The Age of Popular Protests. Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD). 2021;13:607–617.
MLA Şöhret, Mesut. “The Age of Popular Protests”. Akademik Araştırmalar Ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD), c. 13, sy. 25, 2021, ss. 607-1, doi:10.20990/kilisiibfakademik.980371.
Vancouver Şöhret M. The Age of Popular Protests. Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD). 2021;13(25):607-1.