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Dijital Ebeveynlik Tutum Ölçeği: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Yıl 2018, Sayı: 46, 149 - 173, 19.04.2018
https://doi.org/10.21764/maeuefd.390626

Öz

Dijital ebeveynlik, çocuklarının dijital medya araçlarını kullanımlarına
yönelik ebeveynlerin ortaya koydukları tutum ve davranışlardır. Bu çalışmada,
ebeveynlerin dijital ebeveynlik yaklaşımlarına yönelik tutumlarının ölçülmesi
amacıyla geliştirilen ölçme aracının psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesi
amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmaya İstanbul’da yaşayan ve çocuklarını yaşları 6-18
arasında değişen 355 ebeveyn gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Çalışma grubunun yaş
ortalaması 40.9’dur. Çalışmanın güvenirlik analizlerinden test-tekrar test
uygulaması ise 34 katılımcı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan  açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda, toplam
varyansın % 46.109’unu açıklayan iki faktörlü bir yapıya ulaşılmıştır. Bu yapı
için gerçekleştirilen doğrulayıcı factor analizi aracılığıyla uyum değerlerinin
modeli doğruladığı belirlenmiştir (Ki-kare
χ2/sd= 3,305, GFI= .92, AGFI=.89, CFI=.87, RMSEA=.08
ve RMR=.05). Ölçeğin iç tutarlılık katsayıları .724 ile .776 arasında, iki yarı
test-güvenirlik katsayıları .631 ile .764 arasında değişmektedir. Geçen zamana
kıyasla güvenirliğin değerlendirilmesi için yapılan

Bağımlı Örneklem t-Testi sonuçlarına göre, her iki faktör açısından da çalışma
grubunun ön ve son test puanları arasında anlamlı fark olmadığı görülmüştür.
Bu sonuçlara ışığında Dijital Ebevynlik Tutum
Ölçeği’nin geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu görüşüne varılmıştır. 

Kaynakça

  • Albarracin, D., Wang, W., Li, H., & Noguchi, K. (2008). Structure of attitudes: Judgments, memory, and implications for change W.D. Crano ve R. Prislin (Ed). Attitudes and Attitude Change, içinde (19- 40). NY: Psychology Press, Taylor & Francis.Bollen, K. A. (1989). Structural equations with latent variables. NY: Wiley.Brown, M. & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. K. Bollen & J. Long, (Eds), Testing Structural Equation Models (s.136–162). London: Sage Publications.
Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayınları.Büyükşahin-Çevik, U., & Çelikkaleli, Ö. (2010). Ergenlerin arkadaş bağlılığı ve internet bağımlılığının cinsiyet ebeveyn tutumu ve anne baba eğitim düzeylerine göre incelenmesi. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 19(3).Byrne, B. M. (1994). Structural equation modeling with EQS and EQS/Windows. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.Byron, T. (2008). Safer children in a digital world: The report of the Byron Review: Be safe, be aware,havefun.http://dera.ioe.ac.uk/7332/7/Final%20Report%20Bookmarked_Redacted.pdfCan, A. (2013). SPSS ile bilimsel araştırma sürecinde nicel very analizi. Ankara: Pegem Akademi. Canan F., Yıldırım O., Ustunel-Yıldırım, T., Gjergji, S., Kaleli-Hisarvant, A., Gunes C., & Ataoglu, A. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 17(1), 40-45.https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2012.0733Clark, L. S., 2011. Parental mediation theory for the digital age. Communication Theory, 21(4), 323–343. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2885.2011.01391.xÇelik, H. C. & Kahyaoğlu, M. (2007). İlköğretim öğretmen adaylarının teknolojiye yönelik tutumlarının kümeleme analizi. Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(4), 571-586.Dilmaç, B., & Aydoğan, D. (2010). Parental attitudes as a predictor of cyber bullying among primary school children. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 67, 167-171.Field, A. (2009). Discovering Statics Using SPSS. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.
Hamer, M., Stamatakis, E. & Mistras, G. (2009). Psychological distress, television viewing and physical activity in children aged 4 to 12 year. Pediatrics, 123 (5), 1263-1268. Higgins, S., Xiao, Z., & Katsipataki, M. (2012). The impact of digital technology on learning: A summary for the education endowment foundation. Durham, UK: Education Endowment Foundation and Durham University.Hu, L.T., & Bentler, P.M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structural Analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55. İskoçya Hükümeti Raporu (2015). Literature Review on the Impact of Digital Technology on Learning and Teaching. Scottish Government. http://dera.ioe.ac.uk/24843/1/00489224.pdfIten, N., & Petko, D. (2016). Learning with serious games: Is fun playing the game a predictor of learning success?. British Journal of Educational Technology, 47(1), 151-163.İnan-Kaya, G., Mutlu-Bayraktar, D., & Yılmaz, Ö. (Baskıda). Digital parenting: Perceptions on digital risks. Kildare, C. A., & Middlemiss, W. (2017). Impact of parents mobile device use on parent-child interaction: A literature review. Computers in Human Behavior, 75, 579-593.Kostyrka‐Allchorne, K., Cooper, N. R., & Simpson, A. (2017). Touchscreen generation: children's current media use, parental supervision methods and attitudes towards contemporary media. Acta Paediatrica, 106(4), 654-662.Lampard, A.M., Jurkowski, J.M., & Davison, K.K. (2013) Social-cognitive predictors of low-income parents' restriction of screen time among preschool-aged children. Health Education & Behavior, 40 (5), 526-530.Lauricella, A. R., Wartella, E., & Rideout, V. J. (2015). Young children's screen time: The complex role of parent and child factors. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 36, 11-17.Livingstone, S., Haddon, L., Görzig, A., & Ólafsson, K. (2011). Risks and safety on the Internet: e perspective of European children. EU Kids Online, LSE: Full findings. London, England. Livingstone, S. and Haddon, L. (2009). EU Kids Online: Final report. Deliverable D6.5 for the EC Safer Internet Plus Programme. London: EU Kids Online, LSE. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/24372/ Livingstone, S., Mascheroni, G. and Staksrud, E. (2015). Developing a framework for researching children’s online risks and opportunities in Europe. London: EU Kids Online. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/64470/ Livingstone, S., Nandi, A., Banaji, S. & Stoilova, M. (2017). Young adolescents and digital media: uses, risks and opportunities in low- and middle-income countries: a rapid evidence review. Gage, London, UK. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/83753/ Livingstone, S., Ólafsson, K., Helsper, E. J., Lupiáñez-Villanueva, F., Veltri, G. A., & Folkvord, F. (2017). Maximizing opportunities and minimizing risks for children online: The role of digital skills in emerging strategies of parental mediation. Journal of Communication, 67(1), 82-105.Makri-Botsari, E. & Karagianni, P. (2014). Cyber-bullying in Greek adolescents: The role of parents. Procedia—Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 3241–3253.Meydan, C.H. & Şeşen, H. (2011). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesi AMOS uygulamaları. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık. Nathanson, A. I. (1999). Identifying and explaining the relationship between parental mediation and children's aggression. Communication Research, 26(2), 124-143.Neumann, M. M. (2014). An examination of touch screen tablets and emergent literacy in Australian pre-school children. Australian Journal of Education, 58(2), 109-122.Nikken, P., & Jansz, J. (2014). Developing scales to measure parental mediation of young children's internet use. Learning, Media and Technology, 39(2), 250-266.Nikken, P., & Schols, M. (2015). How and why parents guide the media use of young children. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(11), 3423-3435.Ortiz, R.W., Green, T. & Lim, H. (2011) Families and home computer use: Exploring parent perceptions of the importance of current technology. Urban Education, 46 (2), 202-215.Padilla-Walker, L.M. (2006). Peers I can monitor, it's media that really worries me!”: Parental cognitions as predictors of proactive parental strategy choice. Journal of Adolescent Research, 21(1), 56-82.Palaiologou, I. (2016) Children under five and digital technologies: implications for early years pedagogy. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 24(1), 5-24, DOI: 10.1080/1350293X.2014.929876 Park, S., & Lee, Y. (2017). Associations of body weight perception and weight control behaviors with problematic internet use among Korean adolescents. Psychiatry Research, 251, 275-280.Rideout, V.J. (2013). Zero to eight: Children's media use in America 2013. Common Sense Media: San Francisco, CA .Roseberry, S., Hirsh‐Pasek, K., & Golinkoff, R. M. (2014). Skype me! Socially contingent interactions help toddlers learn language. Child Development, 85(3), 956-970.Schermelleh-Engel, K. & Moosbrugger, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 23-74.Rosen, L. D., Whaling, K., Carrier, L. M., Cheever, N. A., & Rokkum, J. (2013). The media and technology usage and attitudes scale: An empirical investigation. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(6), 2501-2511.Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2004). A beginner's guide to structural equation modeling, Second edition. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Staksrud, E. & Livingstone, S. (2009). Children and online risk: powerless victims or resourceful participants? Information, Communication and Society, 12 (3), 364-387. DOI: 10.1080/13691180802635455
Steiger, J. H. (1990). Structural model evaluation and modification: An interval estimation approach. Multivariate Behavioural Research, 25, 173-180.Subrahmanyam, K., Kraut, R. E., Greenfield, P. M., & Gross, E. F. (2000). The impact of home computer use on children's activities and development. The Future of Children, 10(2),123-144.Şeker, H., & Gençdoğan, B. (2006). Psikolojide ve eğitimde ölçme aracı geliştirme. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.Tavşancıl, E. (2010). Tutumların ölçülmesi ve SPSS ile veri analizi. Ankara: Nobel Yayın DağıtımTezbaşaran, A. (1996). Likert tipi ölçek geliştirme kılavuzu. Ankara: Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları.Valcke, M., Bonte, S., DeWever, B., & Rots, I. (2010). Internet parenting styles and the impact on internet use of primary school children. Computers & Education, 55(2), 454–464.Wartella, E., Rideout, V., Lauricella, A. R., & Connell, S. (2013). Parenting in the age of digital technology. Report for the Center on Media and Human Development School of Communication Northwestern University. https://contemporaryfamilies.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Wartella.pdfWe are social. (2017). Digital in 2017 global report. https://wearesocial.com/special-reports/digital-in-2017-global-overviewWong, Y. C. (2010). Cyber-parenting: Internet benefits, risks and parenting issues. Journal of Technology in Human Services, 28(4), 252-273.Yang, F., Helgason, A.R., Sigfusdottir, I.D., & Kristjansson, A.L. (2013) Electronic screen use and mental well-being of 10-12 year old children. European Journal of Public Health, 23 (3), 492-498. Yavuz, S. & Coşkun, A. E. (2008). Sınıf öğretmenliği öğrencilerinin eğitimde teknoloji kullanımına ilişkin tutum ve düşünceleri. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 34, 276-286.Zaman, B., & Nouwen, M. (2016). Parental controls: advice for parents, researchers and industry (EU kids online). http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/65388/

Digital Parenting Attitude Scale: Validity and Reliability Study

Yıl 2018, Sayı: 46, 149 - 173, 19.04.2018
https://doi.org/10.21764/maeuefd.390626

Öz








Digital parenting is defined as parents’ attitudes and practices in regulating their children’s digital media use. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of a scale that was developed to measure parents’ digital parenting attitudes. The participants of the study were 355 volunteer parents, whose children aged between 6 and 18 and living in Istanbul. The mean age of the participants was 40.9. Additionally, 34 volunteers participated in test-retest reliability analysis that was repeated in three weeks period. The results of explanatory factor analysis revealed a two-dimensional structure that explained the 46.109 % of the total variance. The confirmatory factor analysis results demonstrated an acceptable fit of the model (χ2/sd= 3,305, GFI= .92, AGFI=.89, CFI=.87, RMSEA=.08 ve RMR=.05). Internal consistency coefficients of the scale were between .724 and .776 and split-half reliability coefficients were between .631 and 764. The test-retest analysis revealed reliability of the measure in time. According to these results, Digital Parenting Attitude Scale was assumed to be a valid and reliable measure for assessing parents’ attitudes in regulating their children’s use of digital media devices.    

Kaynakça

  • Albarracin, D., Wang, W., Li, H., & Noguchi, K. (2008). Structure of attitudes: Judgments, memory, and implications for change W.D. Crano ve R. Prislin (Ed). Attitudes and Attitude Change, içinde (19- 40). NY: Psychology Press, Taylor & Francis.Bollen, K. A. (1989). Structural equations with latent variables. NY: Wiley.Brown, M. & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. K. Bollen & J. Long, (Eds), Testing Structural Equation Models (s.136–162). London: Sage Publications.
Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayınları.Büyükşahin-Çevik, U., & Çelikkaleli, Ö. (2010). Ergenlerin arkadaş bağlılığı ve internet bağımlılığının cinsiyet ebeveyn tutumu ve anne baba eğitim düzeylerine göre incelenmesi. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 19(3).Byrne, B. M. (1994). Structural equation modeling with EQS and EQS/Windows. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.Byron, T. (2008). Safer children in a digital world: The report of the Byron Review: Be safe, be aware,havefun.http://dera.ioe.ac.uk/7332/7/Final%20Report%20Bookmarked_Redacted.pdfCan, A. (2013). SPSS ile bilimsel araştırma sürecinde nicel very analizi. Ankara: Pegem Akademi. Canan F., Yıldırım O., Ustunel-Yıldırım, T., Gjergji, S., Kaleli-Hisarvant, A., Gunes C., & Ataoglu, A. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 17(1), 40-45.https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2012.0733Clark, L. S., 2011. Parental mediation theory for the digital age. Communication Theory, 21(4), 323–343. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2885.2011.01391.xÇelik, H. C. & Kahyaoğlu, M. (2007). İlköğretim öğretmen adaylarının teknolojiye yönelik tutumlarının kümeleme analizi. Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(4), 571-586.Dilmaç, B., & Aydoğan, D. (2010). Parental attitudes as a predictor of cyber bullying among primary school children. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 67, 167-171.Field, A. (2009). Discovering Statics Using SPSS. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.
Hamer, M., Stamatakis, E. & Mistras, G. (2009). Psychological distress, television viewing and physical activity in children aged 4 to 12 year. Pediatrics, 123 (5), 1263-1268. Higgins, S., Xiao, Z., & Katsipataki, M. (2012). The impact of digital technology on learning: A summary for the education endowment foundation. Durham, UK: Education Endowment Foundation and Durham University.Hu, L.T., & Bentler, P.M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structural Analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55. İskoçya Hükümeti Raporu (2015). Literature Review on the Impact of Digital Technology on Learning and Teaching. Scottish Government. http://dera.ioe.ac.uk/24843/1/00489224.pdfIten, N., & Petko, D. (2016). Learning with serious games: Is fun playing the game a predictor of learning success?. British Journal of Educational Technology, 47(1), 151-163.İnan-Kaya, G., Mutlu-Bayraktar, D., & Yılmaz, Ö. (Baskıda). Digital parenting: Perceptions on digital risks. Kildare, C. A., & Middlemiss, W. (2017). Impact of parents mobile device use on parent-child interaction: A literature review. Computers in Human Behavior, 75, 579-593.Kostyrka‐Allchorne, K., Cooper, N. R., & Simpson, A. (2017). Touchscreen generation: children's current media use, parental supervision methods and attitudes towards contemporary media. Acta Paediatrica, 106(4), 654-662.Lampard, A.M., Jurkowski, J.M., & Davison, K.K. (2013) Social-cognitive predictors of low-income parents' restriction of screen time among preschool-aged children. Health Education & Behavior, 40 (5), 526-530.Lauricella, A. R., Wartella, E., & Rideout, V. J. (2015). Young children's screen time: The complex role of parent and child factors. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 36, 11-17.Livingstone, S., Haddon, L., Görzig, A., & Ólafsson, K. (2011). Risks and safety on the Internet: e perspective of European children. EU Kids Online, LSE: Full findings. London, England. Livingstone, S. and Haddon, L. (2009). EU Kids Online: Final report. Deliverable D6.5 for the EC Safer Internet Plus Programme. London: EU Kids Online, LSE. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/24372/ Livingstone, S., Mascheroni, G. and Staksrud, E. (2015). Developing a framework for researching children’s online risks and opportunities in Europe. London: EU Kids Online. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/64470/ Livingstone, S., Nandi, A., Banaji, S. & Stoilova, M. (2017). Young adolescents and digital media: uses, risks and opportunities in low- and middle-income countries: a rapid evidence review. Gage, London, UK. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/83753/ Livingstone, S., Ólafsson, K., Helsper, E. J., Lupiáñez-Villanueva, F., Veltri, G. A., & Folkvord, F. (2017). Maximizing opportunities and minimizing risks for children online: The role of digital skills in emerging strategies of parental mediation. Journal of Communication, 67(1), 82-105.Makri-Botsari, E. & Karagianni, P. (2014). Cyber-bullying in Greek adolescents: The role of parents. Procedia—Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 3241–3253.Meydan, C.H. & Şeşen, H. (2011). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesi AMOS uygulamaları. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık. Nathanson, A. I. (1999). Identifying and explaining the relationship between parental mediation and children's aggression. Communication Research, 26(2), 124-143.Neumann, M. M. (2014). An examination of touch screen tablets and emergent literacy in Australian pre-school children. Australian Journal of Education, 58(2), 109-122.Nikken, P., & Jansz, J. (2014). Developing scales to measure parental mediation of young children's internet use. Learning, Media and Technology, 39(2), 250-266.Nikken, P., & Schols, M. (2015). How and why parents guide the media use of young children. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(11), 3423-3435.Ortiz, R.W., Green, T. & Lim, H. (2011) Families and home computer use: Exploring parent perceptions of the importance of current technology. Urban Education, 46 (2), 202-215.Padilla-Walker, L.M. (2006). Peers I can monitor, it's media that really worries me!”: Parental cognitions as predictors of proactive parental strategy choice. Journal of Adolescent Research, 21(1), 56-82.Palaiologou, I. (2016) Children under five and digital technologies: implications for early years pedagogy. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 24(1), 5-24, DOI: 10.1080/1350293X.2014.929876 Park, S., & Lee, Y. (2017). Associations of body weight perception and weight control behaviors with problematic internet use among Korean adolescents. Psychiatry Research, 251, 275-280.Rideout, V.J. (2013). Zero to eight: Children's media use in America 2013. Common Sense Media: San Francisco, CA .Roseberry, S., Hirsh‐Pasek, K., & Golinkoff, R. M. (2014). Skype me! Socially contingent interactions help toddlers learn language. Child Development, 85(3), 956-970.Schermelleh-Engel, K. & Moosbrugger, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 23-74.Rosen, L. D., Whaling, K., Carrier, L. M., Cheever, N. A., & Rokkum, J. (2013). The media and technology usage and attitudes scale: An empirical investigation. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(6), 2501-2511.Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2004). A beginner's guide to structural equation modeling, Second edition. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Staksrud, E. & Livingstone, S. (2009). Children and online risk: powerless victims or resourceful participants? Information, Communication and Society, 12 (3), 364-387. DOI: 10.1080/13691180802635455
Steiger, J. H. (1990). Structural model evaluation and modification: An interval estimation approach. Multivariate Behavioural Research, 25, 173-180.Subrahmanyam, K., Kraut, R. E., Greenfield, P. M., & Gross, E. F. (2000). The impact of home computer use on children's activities and development. The Future of Children, 10(2),123-144.Şeker, H., & Gençdoğan, B. (2006). Psikolojide ve eğitimde ölçme aracı geliştirme. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.Tavşancıl, E. (2010). Tutumların ölçülmesi ve SPSS ile veri analizi. Ankara: Nobel Yayın DağıtımTezbaşaran, A. (1996). Likert tipi ölçek geliştirme kılavuzu. Ankara: Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları.Valcke, M., Bonte, S., DeWever, B., & Rots, I. (2010). Internet parenting styles and the impact on internet use of primary school children. Computers & Education, 55(2), 454–464.Wartella, E., Rideout, V., Lauricella, A. R., & Connell, S. (2013). Parenting in the age of digital technology. Report for the Center on Media and Human Development School of Communication Northwestern University. https://contemporaryfamilies.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Wartella.pdfWe are social. (2017). Digital in 2017 global report. https://wearesocial.com/special-reports/digital-in-2017-global-overviewWong, Y. C. (2010). Cyber-parenting: Internet benefits, risks and parenting issues. Journal of Technology in Human Services, 28(4), 252-273.Yang, F., Helgason, A.R., Sigfusdottir, I.D., & Kristjansson, A.L. (2013) Electronic screen use and mental well-being of 10-12 year old children. European Journal of Public Health, 23 (3), 492-498. Yavuz, S. & Coşkun, A. E. (2008). Sınıf öğretmenliği öğrencilerinin eğitimde teknoloji kullanımına ilişkin tutum ve düşünceleri. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 34, 276-286.Zaman, B., & Nouwen, M. (2016). Parental controls: advice for parents, researchers and industry (EU kids online). http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/65388/
Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Gamze İnan Kaya

Duygu Mutlu Bayraktar Bu kişi benim

Özgür Yılmaz

Yayımlanma Tarihi 19 Nisan 2018
Gönderilme Tarihi 6 Şubat 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Sayı: 46

Kaynak Göster

APA İnan Kaya, G., Mutlu Bayraktar, D., & Yılmaz, Ö. (2018). Dijital Ebeveynlik Tutum Ölçeği: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi(46), 149-173. https://doi.org/10.21764/maeuefd.390626

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