Araştırma Makalesi
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COVID-19 KORKUSU, RUH SAĞLIĞI VE DİNİ BAŞA ÇIKMA ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: RİSK GRUBUNDAKİ YAŞLILAR ÜZERİNE AMPİRİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 61, 26 - 49, 26.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.14783/maruoneri.1352438

Öz

Bu araştırma, salgın ile başa çıkma sürecinde dinin rolüne odaklanarak yaşlı bireylerden müteşekkil bir örneklem üzerinde Covid-19 korkusu, depresyon, anksiyete, stres ve dini başa çıkma arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya çıkarmayı hedeflemektedir. Araştırmada temel değişkenler arasında meydana gelen korelasyonel ilişki, tarama metoduyla yapılan nicel bir araştırma deseninde irdelenmiştir. Diğer taraftan araştırma grubunun bazı sosyo- demografik özellikleri ile Covid-19 korkusu arasındaki farklılaşmalar, araştırmanın amaçları kapsamında ele alınmıştır. Doğu Karadeniz bölgesinde yaşayan, tesadüfi yöntemle seçilen 60 yaş üzeri 398 yaşlı birey ile gerçekleştirilen araştırmada ilgili değişkenler arasındaki farklılaşmalar tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgular, kronik hastalığa sahip olan ve Covid-19 sebebiyle yakınını kaybeden bireylerin Covid-19 korku düzeylerinin daha yüksek olduğunu göstermektedir. Araştırmada Covid-19 korkusu ile depresyon, anksiyete ve stres düzeyleri arasında; ayrıca Covid-19 korkusu ile olumsuz dini başa çıkma arasında anlamlı ilişki olduğu görülmektedir. Diğer taraftan depresyon, anksiyete ve stres düzeyleri ile olumsuz dini başa çıkma arasında anlamlı ilişki bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir. Buradan hareketle olumsuz ruh sağlığı göstergelerinin daha çok olumsuz dini başa çıkma stilleri ile ilişkili olduğu ifade edilebilir.

Kaynakça

  • Akın, S., & Kubat Bakır, G. (2019). Yaşlılıkta Kronik Hastalıkların Yönetimi ile İlişkili Faktörler. Sağlık ve Toplum, 29(2).
  • Ano, G. G., & Vasconcelles, E. B. (2005). Religious coping and psychological adjustment to stress: A meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 61(4), 461-480. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20049
  • Ayten, A. (2012). Tanrı’ya Sığınmak: Dini Başa Çıkma Üzerine Psiko-Sosyal Bir Araştırma. İz Yayıncılık.
  • Ayten, A., & Sağır, Z. (2014). Dindarlık, Dinî Başa Çıkma ve Depresyon İlişkisi: Suriyeli Sığınmacılar Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Marmara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 47(47), https://doi.org/10.15370/muifd.86222
  • Bakır, N., Irmak Vural, P., & Demir, C. (2021). Relationship of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Levels with Religious Coping Strategies Among Turkish Pregnant Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Religion and Health, 60(5), 3379-3393. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-021-01391-7
  • Bakioğlu, F., Korkmaz, O., & Ercan, H. (2020). Fear of COVID-19 and Positivity: Mediating Role of Intolerance of Uncertainty, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00331
  • Banerjee, D. (2020). The impact of Covid‐19 pandemic on elderly mental health. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 35(12), 1466-1467. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.5320
  • Brooke, J., & Jackson, D. (2020). Older People and COVID-19 isolation, risk and ageism. Journal of Clinical Nursing. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15274
  • Çeti̇n, Ç., & Güzeloğlu, T. (2022). Covid 19 Pandemi Döneminde Dini Başa Çıkma Tarzları ile Ruh Sağlığı Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Fırat Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 27(1)
  • DeRossett, T., LaVoie, D. J., & Brooks, D. (2021). Religious Coping Amidst a Pandemic: Impact on COVID-19-Related Anxiety. Journal of Religion and Health, 60(5), 3161-3176. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-021-01385-5
  • Doğan, M., & Karaca, F. (2021). Covid-19 Salgın Sürecinde Aktif Çalışan Sağlık Çalışanlarında Ölüm Kaygısı ile Dini Başa Çıkma Arasındaki İlişki Üzerine Bir Araştırma. İlahiyat Tetkikleri Dergisi, 55, https://doi.org/10.29288/ilted.885721
  • Ekşi, H., & Sayın, M. (2016). The adaptation of Religious Coping Scale into Turkish language: A study of bilingual equivalance, validity and reliability. AGP Humanities and Social Sciences Conference, Berlin.
  • Gallè, F., Sabella, E. A., Roma, P., Ferracuti, S., Da Molin, G., Diella, G., Montagna, M. T., Orsi, G. B., Liguori, G., & Napoli, C. (2021). Knowledge and Lifestyle Behaviors Related to COVID-19 Pandemic in People over 65 Years Old from Southern Italy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(20), https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010872
  • Gedik, M. (2022). Covid-19 Sürecinde Yaşlı Bireylere Yönelik Dini-Manevi Destek Hizmetlerin Gereksinimi. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 24(2), https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.1019818
  • Guner, T. A., Erdogan, Z., & Demir, I. (2021). The Effect of Loneliness on Death Anxiety in the Elderly During the COVID-19 Pandemic. OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying,. https://doi.org/10.1177/00302228211010587
  • Gürsu, O., & Bayındır, S. (2021). Covid-19 Hastalığını Geçiren Sağlık Çalışanlarının Başa Çıkma Sürecinde Din ve Maneviyat. Turkish Academic Research Review, 6(1),. https://doi.org/10.30622/tarr.873732
  • Hacimusalar, Y., Kahve, A. C., Yasar, A. B., & Aydin, M. S. (2020). Anxiety and hopelessness levels in COVID-19 pandemic: A comparative study of healthcare professionals and other community sample in Turkey. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 129, 181-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.07.024
  • Haktanır, A., Seki, T., & Dilmaç, B. (2022). Adaptation and evaluation of Turkish version of the fear of COVID-19 Scale. Death Studies, 46(3), 719-727. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2020.1773026
  • Holm, N. G. (2018). Din Psikolojisine Giriş (A. Bahadır, Çev.; 3. Baskı). İnsan Yayınları.
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THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN FEAR OF COVID-19, MENTAL HEALTH, AND RELIGIOUS COPING: AN EMPIRICAL RESEARCH AMONG VULNERABLE OLDER INDIVIDUALS

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 61, 26 - 49, 26.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.14783/maruoneri.1352438

Öz

This study specifically concentrates on investigating the role of religion in coping with Covid-19 and examines the association between fear of Covid-19, depression, anxiety, stress, and religious coping within a sample of elderly individuals. Employing a quantitative research design with a survey methodology, the study examines the correlational relationship between the primary variables. Additionally, the research objectives include addressing the variations in fear of Covid-19 in relation to certain socio-demographic characteristics within the research group. The sample consists of 398 randomly selected elderly individuals aged 60 and above residing in the Eastern Black Sea region. By analyzing the relevant variables, the study identifies notable distinctions. The findings derived from the research reveal that individuals with chronic illnesses and those who have experienced the loss of a relative due to Covid-19 exhibit higher levels of fear of the virus. Moreover, the study establishes significant associations between fear of Covid-19 and levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, as well as between fear of Covid-19 and negative religious coping. Additionally, a noteworthy correlation is observed between depression, anxiety, and stress levels and negative religious coping. Consequently, it can be inferred that negative mental health indicators are primarily linked to negative religious coping styles.

Kaynakça

  • Akın, S., & Kubat Bakır, G. (2019). Yaşlılıkta Kronik Hastalıkların Yönetimi ile İlişkili Faktörler. Sağlık ve Toplum, 29(2).
  • Ano, G. G., & Vasconcelles, E. B. (2005). Religious coping and psychological adjustment to stress: A meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 61(4), 461-480. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20049
  • Ayten, A. (2012). Tanrı’ya Sığınmak: Dini Başa Çıkma Üzerine Psiko-Sosyal Bir Araştırma. İz Yayıncılık.
  • Ayten, A., & Sağır, Z. (2014). Dindarlık, Dinî Başa Çıkma ve Depresyon İlişkisi: Suriyeli Sığınmacılar Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Marmara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 47(47), https://doi.org/10.15370/muifd.86222
  • Bakır, N., Irmak Vural, P., & Demir, C. (2021). Relationship of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Levels with Religious Coping Strategies Among Turkish Pregnant Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Religion and Health, 60(5), 3379-3393. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-021-01391-7
  • Bakioğlu, F., Korkmaz, O., & Ercan, H. (2020). Fear of COVID-19 and Positivity: Mediating Role of Intolerance of Uncertainty, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00331
  • Banerjee, D. (2020). The impact of Covid‐19 pandemic on elderly mental health. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 35(12), 1466-1467. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.5320
  • Brooke, J., & Jackson, D. (2020). Older People and COVID-19 isolation, risk and ageism. Journal of Clinical Nursing. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15274
  • Çeti̇n, Ç., & Güzeloğlu, T. (2022). Covid 19 Pandemi Döneminde Dini Başa Çıkma Tarzları ile Ruh Sağlığı Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Fırat Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 27(1)
  • DeRossett, T., LaVoie, D. J., & Brooks, D. (2021). Religious Coping Amidst a Pandemic: Impact on COVID-19-Related Anxiety. Journal of Religion and Health, 60(5), 3161-3176. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-021-01385-5
  • Doğan, M., & Karaca, F. (2021). Covid-19 Salgın Sürecinde Aktif Çalışan Sağlık Çalışanlarında Ölüm Kaygısı ile Dini Başa Çıkma Arasındaki İlişki Üzerine Bir Araştırma. İlahiyat Tetkikleri Dergisi, 55, https://doi.org/10.29288/ilted.885721
  • Ekşi, H., & Sayın, M. (2016). The adaptation of Religious Coping Scale into Turkish language: A study of bilingual equivalance, validity and reliability. AGP Humanities and Social Sciences Conference, Berlin.
  • Gallè, F., Sabella, E. A., Roma, P., Ferracuti, S., Da Molin, G., Diella, G., Montagna, M. T., Orsi, G. B., Liguori, G., & Napoli, C. (2021). Knowledge and Lifestyle Behaviors Related to COVID-19 Pandemic in People over 65 Years Old from Southern Italy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(20), https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010872
  • Gedik, M. (2022). Covid-19 Sürecinde Yaşlı Bireylere Yönelik Dini-Manevi Destek Hizmetlerin Gereksinimi. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 24(2), https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.1019818
  • Guner, T. A., Erdogan, Z., & Demir, I. (2021). The Effect of Loneliness on Death Anxiety in the Elderly During the COVID-19 Pandemic. OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying,. https://doi.org/10.1177/00302228211010587
  • Gürsu, O., & Bayındır, S. (2021). Covid-19 Hastalığını Geçiren Sağlık Çalışanlarının Başa Çıkma Sürecinde Din ve Maneviyat. Turkish Academic Research Review, 6(1),. https://doi.org/10.30622/tarr.873732
  • Hacimusalar, Y., Kahve, A. C., Yasar, A. B., & Aydin, M. S. (2020). Anxiety and hopelessness levels in COVID-19 pandemic: A comparative study of healthcare professionals and other community sample in Turkey. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 129, 181-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.07.024
  • Haktanır, A., Seki, T., & Dilmaç, B. (2022). Adaptation and evaluation of Turkish version of the fear of COVID-19 Scale. Death Studies, 46(3), 719-727. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2020.1773026
  • Holm, N. G. (2018). Din Psikolojisine Giriş (A. Bahadır, Çev.; 3. Baskı). İnsan Yayınları.
  • Huang, Y., & Zhao, N. (2020). Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 epidemic in China: A web-based cross-sectional survey. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.19.20025395
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  • Kaplan, H., Sevinç, K., & İşbilen, N. (2020). Doğal Afetleri Anlamlandırma ve Başa Çıkma: Covid-19 Salgını Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Turkish Studies, 15(4), 579-598.
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  • Kızılgeçit, M., & Çi̇ni̇ci̇, M. (2020). Koronavirüs (Covid-19) Sürecinde Yapay Sinir Ağları Yöntemiyle Bireylerin Dini Başa Çıkma Düzeylerinin Tahmini. İlahiyat Tetkikleri Dergisi, 54, https://doi.org/10.29288/ilted.774693
  • Kumar, A., & Nayar, K. R. (2021). COVID 19 and its mental health consequences. Journal of Mental Health, 30(1), 1-2. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2020.1757052
  • Lampraki, C., Hoffman, A., Roquet, A., & Jopp, D. S. (2022). Loneliness during COVID-19: Development and influencing factors. Plos One, 17(3), e0265900. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265900
  • Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, Appraisal, and Coping. Springer.
  • Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(3), 335-343. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-u
  • Mahamid, F. A., & Bdier, D. (2021). The Association Between Positive Religious Coping, Perceived Stress, and Depressive Symptoms During the Spread of Coronavirus (COVID-19) Among a Sample of Adults in Palestine: Across Sectional Study. Journal of Religion and Health, 60(1), 34-49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-020-01121-5
  • Mei, H., Li, N., Li, J., Zhang, D., Cao, Z., Zhou, Y., Cao, J., & Zhou, A. (2021). Depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms in pregnant women before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 149, 110586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110586
  • Melamed, O. C., Selby, P., & Taylor, V. H. (2022). Mental Health and Obesity During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Current Obesity Reports, 11(1), 23-31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-021-00466-6
  • Mertens, G., Gerritsen, L., Duijndam, S., Salemink, E., & Engelhard, I. M. (2020). Fear of the coronavirus (COVID-19): Predictors in an online study conducted in March 2020. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 74, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102258
  • Morgan, G. A. vd. Ibm Spss for Introductory Statistics Use and Intepretation. New York: Routledge, 2011.
  • Morley, J. E., & Vellas, B. (2020). COVID-19 and Older Adult. The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging, 24(4), 364-365. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-020-1349-9
  • Murat, A., & Kızılgeçit, M. (2017). Dini Başa Çıkma ve Psikopatoloji İlişkisi (Rize Örneği). Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(11)
  • Okan, N., & Ören, A. (2021). Covid-19 Sürecinde Yaşanılan Olumsuz Duygularda Dini Başa Çıkma’nın Rolü. İlahiyat Tetkikleri Dergisi, 56. https://doi.org/10.29288/ilted.973524
  • Okuyan, C. B., & Karasu, F. (2021). Covıd-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Kronik Hastalığa Sahip Olan Yaşlıların Sağlık Riski ve Bu Süreç İçin Öneriler. Sağlık Akademisi Kastamonu, 6(3), https://doi.org/10.25279/sak.746709
  • Özdin, S., & Bayrak Özdin, Ş. (2020). Levels and predictors of anxiety, depression and health anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkish society: The importance of gender. The International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 66(5), 504-511. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020927051
  • Özer, Z., Aksoy, M., & Turan, G. B. (2021). The Relationship Between Death Anxiety and Religious Coping Styles in Patients Diagnosed With COVID-19: A Sample in the East of Turkey. Journal of Death and Dying, 00302228211065256. https://doi.org/10.1177/00302228211065256
  • Özteke Kozan, H. İ., & Kesici, Ş. (2021). Death anxiety among older adults with chronic illnesses during Covid-19: A qualitative approach. Journal of Community Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22744
  • Pargament, K. I. (1997). The psychology of religion and coping: Theory, research, practice. Guilford Press.
  • Pargament, K. I., Koenig, H. G., Tarakeshwar, N., & Hahn, J. (2004). Religious Coping Methods as Predictors of Psychological, Physical and Spiritual Outcomes among Medically Ill Elderly Patients: A Two-year Longitudinal Study. Journal of Health Psychology, 9(6), 713-730. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105304045366
  • Pargament, K. I., Smith, B. W., Koenig, H. G., & Perez, L. (1998). Patterns of Positive and Negative Religious Coping with Major Life Stressors. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 37(4), 710-724. https://doi.org/10.2307/1388152
  • Pargament, K. I. vd. “The Religious Dimension of Coping: Advances in Theory, Research, and Practice”. Handbook of the Psychology of Religion and Spirituality. ed. Raymond F. Paloutzian - Crystal L Park. New York ; London: Guilford, 2005
  • Park, C. L. (2005). Religion as a Meaning-Making Framework in Coping with Life Stress. Journal of Social Issues, 61(4), 707-729. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.2005.00428.x
  • Pant, S., Subedi, M. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on the elderly. Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences. 7 (2), 32-28.
  • Peteet, J. R. (2020). COVID-19 Anxiety. Journal of Religion and Health, 59(5), 2203-2204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-020-01041-4
  • Pirutinsky, S., Cherniak, A. D., & Rosmarin, D. H. (2020). COVID-19, Mental Health, and Religious Coping Among American Orthodox Jews. Journal of Religion and Health, 59(5), 2288-2301. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-020-01070-z
  • Rosmarin, D. H., Bigda-Peyton, J. S., Öngur, D., Pargament, K. I., & Björgvinsson, T. (2013). Religious coping among psychotic patients: Relevance to suicidality and treatment outcomes. Psychiatry Research, 210(1), 182-187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2013.03.023
  • Sami̇, S. (2021). Covid-19 Nedeniyle Yakınlarını Kaybeden Bireylerde Yas Süreci ve Dini Başa Çıkma. İlahiyat Tetkikleri Dergisi, 55, 421-444.
  • Sandalci, B., Güven, G. S., & Uyaroğlu, O. A. (2020). COVID-19’da Kronik Hastalıkların Rolü, Önemi ve Öneriler. Flora İnfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi, 25(2), https://doi.org/10.5578/flora.69700
  • Sarıçam, H. (2018). The Psychometric Properties of Turkish Version of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) in Community and Clinical Samples. Journal of Cognitive-Behavioral Psychotherapy and Research, 7(1), 19-30.
  • Satici, B., Gocet-Tekin, E., Deniz, M. E., & Satici, S. A. (2021). Adaptation of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Its Association with Psychological Distress and Life Satisfaction in Turkey. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 19(6), 1980-1988. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00294-0
  • Sorokin, M. Y., Kasyanov, E. D., Rukavishnikov, G. V., Makarevich, O. V., Neznanov, N. G., Lutova, N. B., & Mazo, G. E. (2020). Structure of anxiety associated with the COVID-19 pandemic in the Russian-speaking sample: Results from on-line survey (s. 2020.04.28.20074302). medRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.28.20074302
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  • Thomas, J., & Barbato, M. (2020). Positive Religious Coping and Mental Health among Christians and Muslims in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Religions, 11(10), https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11100498
  • Turan, Y., Bostan, S., & Baynal, F. (2022). The Effect Of Covid-19 Pandemic On Religion. Ordu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 12(1), https://doi.org/10.48146/odusobiad.995556
  • Tükel, R. (2020). Covid-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Ruh Sağlığı. Türk Tabipler Birliği.
  • Tzur Bitan, D., Grossman-Giron, A., Bloch, Y., Mayer, Y., Shiffman, N., & Mendlovic, S. (2020). Fear of COVID-19 scale: Psychometric characteristics, reliability and validity in the Israeli population. Psychiatry Research, 289, 113100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113100
  • Wang Z. H. vd. “Impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on anxiety among the elderly in community.” Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi, 3179-3185.
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  • Yalçın, İ. (2021). COVID-19 Korkusu ile Ruh Sağlığı Değişkenleri Arasındaki İlişkide Koruyucu ve Risk Faktörlerinin Moderatör Etkisi. https://dspace.ankara.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/20.500.12575/72777
  • Yıldırım, M., Arslan, G., & Alkahtani, A. M. (2021). Do fear of COVID-19 and religious coping predict depression, anxiety, and stress among the Arab population during health crisis? Death Studies, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2021.1882617
  • Yıldırım, M., Kızılgeçit, M., Seçer, İ., Karabulut, F., Angın, Y., Dağcı, A., Vural, M. E., Bayram, N. N., & Çinici, M. (2021). Meaning in Life, Religious Coping, and Loneliness During the Coronavirus Health Crisis in Turkey. Journal of Religion and Health, 60(4), 2371-2385. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-020-01173-7
  • Yılmaz, Banu. “Toplumsal Bunalım”. Mülkiye Dergisi 42/4 (11 Aralık 2018), 645-650.
  • Yohannes, A. M. (2021). COPD patients in a COVID-19 society: Depression and anxiety. Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 15(1), 5-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/17476348.2020.1787835
Toplam 70 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Din Psikolojisi
Bölüm Makale Başvuru
Yazarlar

Hızır Hacıkeleşoğlu 0000-0001-7831-0090

Muhammet Enes Vural 0000-0003-0297-3765

Harun Geçer 0000-0002-9736-9730

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 25 Ocak 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Ocak 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 19 Sayı: 61

Kaynak Göster

APA Hacıkeleşoğlu, H., Vural, M. E., & Geçer, H. (2024). COVID-19 KORKUSU, RUH SAĞLIĞI VE DİNİ BAŞA ÇIKMA ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: RİSK GRUBUNDAKİ YAŞLILAR ÜZERİNE AMPİRİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA. Öneri Dergisi, 19(61), 26-49. https://doi.org/10.14783/maruoneri.1352438

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