Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 691 - 715, 27.04.2023

Anıl Çağlar Erkan

https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1230579

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

Enerji Güvenliği Karşılıklı Bağımlılık Hassasiyet ve Kırılganlık Batı Türkmenistan. Energy Security Interdependence Sensitivity and Vulnerability West Turkmenistan.

Kaynakça

  • Çalışkan, B. (2017, December 26). Türkmenistan'ın doğal gaz çikmazi. Retrieved December 20, 2022, from INSAMER Web Site: https://www.insamer.com/tr/turkmenistanin-dogalgaz-cikmazi_1088.html
  • Çoban, H. (2017). Eski çağda ilk evcil hayvanlar ve deve. Journal of Social and Humanities Sciences Research, IV(11), 554-560.
  • Akçadağ Alagöz, E. (2016). Çin'in enerji güvenliğinin iran ile ilişkilerine etkisi. The Turkish Yearbook of the International RElations(47), 33-56.
  • Akbaş, Z., & Furuncu, Y. (2016). Realtionship between energy dependence and national security: the case of Turkey. International Journal of Management and Applied Science, II(11), 193-196.
  • Allen, R. (2013). Energy transitions in history: The shift to coal. In R. W. Unger, Energy Transitions in History: Global Cases of Continuity and Change (pp. 11-15). Munich: RCC Perspectives.
  • Anadolu Ajansı. (2022, December 16). Türkiye-Azerbaycan-Türkmenistan devlet başkanlari zirvesi'ne ilişkin ortak bildiri. Retrieved December 21, 2022, from Anadolu Ajansı Web Site: https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/gundem/- turkiye-azerbaycan-turkmenistan-devlet-baskanlari-zirvesine-iliskin-ortak-bildiri/2765526
  • Arı, T. (2008). Uluslararası ilişkiler teorileri: çatişma, hegemonya, işbirliği. Bursa: Marmara Kitap Merkezi.
  • Ateşoğlu Güney, N., & Korkmaz, V. (2014). The energy interdepedence model between Russia and Europe: an evaluation of exoectations for change. Perceptions, XIX(3), 35-59.
  • Baldwin, D. (1980). Interdependence and power: A conceptional analyisis. International Organization, XXXIV(4), 471-506.
  • Bendini, R. (2013). Turkmenistan: Selected trade and economic issues. Brussels: European Union.
  • Bossuyt, R. (2018). Bringing Turkmen gas to the European market. United Nations Univrsity Policy Brief(4), 1-10.
  • BP. (2022). BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2022 71. Edition. London: BP.
  • CIA Factbook. (2022, December 13). Turkmenistan. Retrieved December 20, 2022, from CIA Factbook Web Site: https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/turkmenistan/#energy
  • Crescenzi, M. (2005). Economic interdependence and conflict in world politics. Lanham MD: Lexington Books.
  • Dixon, W. (1984). Interdependence as foreign policy behaviour. International Interactions, XI(1), 61-85.
  • Dolata, P. (2017). Energy security. R. Dover, H. Dylan, & M. Goodman içinde, The Palgrave Handbook of Security, Risk and Intelligence (s. 47-62). London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Erkan, A. Ç. (2021). Çin-Rusya enerji ilişkilerinde yeni dengeler. Ankara: Nobel Akademik.
  • Esakova, N. (2012). European energy security. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag fur Sozialwissenschaften.
  • Gökçe, O. Z. (2018). The role of energy interdependence in shaping world politics. Ankara: Sabancı Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Gürkaynak, M., & Yalçıner, S. (2009). Uluslararası politikada karşilikli bağimlilik ve küreselleşme üzerine bir inceleme. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, VI(23), 73-92.
  • Ibrahimov, r. (2017). Energy and power politics in the cases of Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan. Perceptions, XXII(2-3), 131-152.
  • IMF. (2019, April 10). IMF Staff Completes 2019 Article IV Mission to Turkmenistan Retrieved December 20, 2022, from IMF Web Site: https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2019/04/10/pr19112-turkmenistan-imf-staff- completes-2019-article-iv-mission
  • Kasım, K. (2021). The impact of Azerbaijan-Turkmenistan energy cooperation on the Caspian energy security. ASBİ Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, XXI(3), 945-960.
  • Kroll, J. (1993). The compexity of interdependence. International Studies Quarterly, XXXVII(3), 321-347.
  • Mabro, R. (2007). The oil weapon: can it be used today? Harward International Review, XXIX(3), 56-60.
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkmenistan. (2021, November 22). The Fifth Meeting of Turkmenistan-China Cooperation Committee Was Held. Retrieved December 21, 2022, from Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkmenistan Web Site: https://www.mfa.gov.tm/en/news/2892
  • Nance, M. T., & Boettcher, W. A. (2017). Conflict, cooperation and change in the politics of energy interdependence: an introduction. Energy Research & Social Science, 24, 1-5.
  • Nye, J. (1976). Interdependence and interdependence. Foreign Policy, 22, 130-161.
  • Nye, J. (tarih yok). O.
  • Nye, J. S., & Welch, D. A. (2018). Küresel çatişmayi ve işbirliğini anlamak (5. ed.). (R. Akman, Trans.) İstanbul: İş Bankası Yayınları.
  • Nye, J., & Keohane, R. O. (2012). Power and interdependence. Boston: Longman.
  • Pala, C. (2022, September 21). Türkmen ve Özbek doğalgazinin bati’ya taşinmasi ve Azerbaycan. Retrieved December 2022, from ANKASAM Web Site: https://www.ankasam.org/turkmen-ve-ozbek-dogalgazinin- batiya-tasinmasi-ve-azerbaycan/
  • Pamir, N. (2015). Enerjinin iktidari. İstanbul: Hayy Kitap.
  • Pirani, S. (2019). In central Asian gas: Prospects for the 2020s. Oxford: Oxford Institute for Energy Studies.
  • Raimondi, P. P. (2019). Central Asia oil and gas industry - The external powers’ energy interests in Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. Milano: Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM).
  • Sancarbaba, E. (2022). Türkmen doğal gazi avrupa için hala olasi bir seçenek. Synergy, IV(1), 14-16.
  • Sarı, Y. (2016). Türkmenistan'ın enerji politikalari. In K. Kasım, Türkmenistan (pp. 153-198). Ankara: Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Yayınları.
  • Stackelberg, V. (1934). Marktform und gleichgewicht. Vienna and Berlin: Springer Verlag.
  • Tabatska, D. (2015, December 16). Turkmenistan: The Diversifıcation of Gas Export Market. Retrieved December 21, 2022, from Natural Gas World Web Site: https://www.naturalgasworld.com/turkmenistan-the- diversification-of-gas-export-market-27160
  • Turan, İ. (2021). Turkmenıstan’s energy independence policy regarding Sino-Russian competition: the role of permanent neutrality in the new great game. Eurasian Journal of Researches in Social and Economics, VIII(2), 332-349.
  • U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). (2016, July 1). Turkmenistan. Retrieved December 20, 2022, from U.S. Energy Information Administration Web Site: https://www.eia.gov/international/analysis/country/TKM
  • Uludağ, M. B., Karagül, S., & Baba, G. (2013). Turkey's role in energy diplomacy from competition to cooperation: theoretical and factual projections. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, III(Special Issue), 102-114.
  • Vepayev, A., & Deniz, O. (2020). Production and consumption trends of natural gas of turkmenistan the years from 2009 to 2019. Journal of Scientific Perspectives, IV(4), 237-244.
  • Wagner, H. (1988). Economic interdependence, bargaining power and political influence. International Organization, XL(3), 461-483.
  • Yıldız, İ., & MacEachern, C. (2018). Historical aspects of energy. In İ. Dinçer, Comprehensive Energy Systems (pp. 24-48). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
  • Yergin, D. (1995). Petrol: Para ve güç çatişmasinin epik öyküsü (Trans: K. Tuncay). İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Yayınları.
  • Yergin, D. (2014). Enerjinin geleceği (Vol. I). (Ü. Şensoy, Trans.) İstanbul: Optimist Yayınları.
  • Zhuldyz, K. (2022, April 21). Turkmenistan-Russia energy cooperation in the context of natural gas trading. Retrieved December 20, 2022, from Akhmet Yassawi University Eurasian Research Institute: https://www.eurasian-research.org/publication/turkmenistan-russia-energy-cooperation-in-the-context- of-natural-gas-trading/

The West Alternative in Turkmenistan's Energy Security

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 691 - 715, 27.04.2023

Anıl Çağlar Erkan

https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1230579

Öz

It is indisputable that the concept of energy security developed and deepened in connection with the changing conditions of the period. It is possible to deal with the emergence of new threats that negatively affect energy security during the process or their transformation into another problem in this context. On the other hand, perhaps the only thing that has not changed is that energy security continues to be one of the main components of states’ national security. Also, as in the past, energy security is one of the most vital elements in the continuation of the wheels of the global economy. At this point, it becomes mandatory for states to take measures within the scope of energy security. Considering that energy relations reflect almost all the elements of interdependence, diversification strategies come first among the measures to be taken. Diversification strategies are highly effective in minimizing, if not eliminating, the energy security problems of both producer and consumer parties. Considering the negative impact of sensitivities and vulnerabilities on bargaining power in an environment of interdependence, the importance of diversification strategies will be understood more clearly. In light of all these, the relationship between Turkmenistan's westward orientation to ensure energy security is analyzed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Energy Security Interdependence Sensitivity and Vulnerability West Turkmenistan

Kaynakça

  • Çalışkan, B. (2017, December 26). Türkmenistan'ın doğal gaz çikmazi. Retrieved December 20, 2022, from INSAMER Web Site: https://www.insamer.com/tr/turkmenistanin-dogalgaz-cikmazi_1088.html
  • Çoban, H. (2017). Eski çağda ilk evcil hayvanlar ve deve. Journal of Social and Humanities Sciences Research, IV(11), 554-560.
  • Akçadağ Alagöz, E. (2016). Çin'in enerji güvenliğinin iran ile ilişkilerine etkisi. The Turkish Yearbook of the International RElations(47), 33-56.
  • Akbaş, Z., & Furuncu, Y. (2016). Realtionship between energy dependence and national security: the case of Turkey. International Journal of Management and Applied Science, II(11), 193-196.
  • Allen, R. (2013). Energy transitions in history: The shift to coal. In R. W. Unger, Energy Transitions in History: Global Cases of Continuity and Change (pp. 11-15). Munich: RCC Perspectives.
  • Anadolu Ajansı. (2022, December 16). Türkiye-Azerbaycan-Türkmenistan devlet başkanlari zirvesi'ne ilişkin ortak bildiri. Retrieved December 21, 2022, from Anadolu Ajansı Web Site: https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/gundem/- turkiye-azerbaycan-turkmenistan-devlet-baskanlari-zirvesine-iliskin-ortak-bildiri/2765526
  • Arı, T. (2008). Uluslararası ilişkiler teorileri: çatişma, hegemonya, işbirliği. Bursa: Marmara Kitap Merkezi.
  • Ateşoğlu Güney, N., & Korkmaz, V. (2014). The energy interdepedence model between Russia and Europe: an evaluation of exoectations for change. Perceptions, XIX(3), 35-59.
  • Baldwin, D. (1980). Interdependence and power: A conceptional analyisis. International Organization, XXXIV(4), 471-506.
  • Bendini, R. (2013). Turkmenistan: Selected trade and economic issues. Brussels: European Union.
  • Bossuyt, R. (2018). Bringing Turkmen gas to the European market. United Nations Univrsity Policy Brief(4), 1-10.
  • BP. (2022). BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2022 71. Edition. London: BP.
  • CIA Factbook. (2022, December 13). Turkmenistan. Retrieved December 20, 2022, from CIA Factbook Web Site: https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/turkmenistan/#energy
  • Crescenzi, M. (2005). Economic interdependence and conflict in world politics. Lanham MD: Lexington Books.
  • Dixon, W. (1984). Interdependence as foreign policy behaviour. International Interactions, XI(1), 61-85.
  • Dolata, P. (2017). Energy security. R. Dover, H. Dylan, & M. Goodman içinde, The Palgrave Handbook of Security, Risk and Intelligence (s. 47-62). London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Erkan, A. Ç. (2021). Çin-Rusya enerji ilişkilerinde yeni dengeler. Ankara: Nobel Akademik.
  • Esakova, N. (2012). European energy security. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag fur Sozialwissenschaften.
  • Gökçe, O. Z. (2018). The role of energy interdependence in shaping world politics. Ankara: Sabancı Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Gürkaynak, M., & Yalçıner, S. (2009). Uluslararası politikada karşilikli bağimlilik ve küreselleşme üzerine bir inceleme. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, VI(23), 73-92.
  • Ibrahimov, r. (2017). Energy and power politics in the cases of Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan. Perceptions, XXII(2-3), 131-152.
  • IMF. (2019, April 10). IMF Staff Completes 2019 Article IV Mission to Turkmenistan Retrieved December 20, 2022, from IMF Web Site: https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2019/04/10/pr19112-turkmenistan-imf-staff- completes-2019-article-iv-mission
  • Kasım, K. (2021). The impact of Azerbaijan-Turkmenistan energy cooperation on the Caspian energy security. ASBİ Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, XXI(3), 945-960.
  • Kroll, J. (1993). The compexity of interdependence. International Studies Quarterly, XXXVII(3), 321-347.
  • Mabro, R. (2007). The oil weapon: can it be used today? Harward International Review, XXIX(3), 56-60.
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkmenistan. (2021, November 22). The Fifth Meeting of Turkmenistan-China Cooperation Committee Was Held. Retrieved December 21, 2022, from Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkmenistan Web Site: https://www.mfa.gov.tm/en/news/2892
  • Nance, M. T., & Boettcher, W. A. (2017). Conflict, cooperation and change in the politics of energy interdependence: an introduction. Energy Research & Social Science, 24, 1-5.
  • Nye, J. (1976). Interdependence and interdependence. Foreign Policy, 22, 130-161.
  • Nye, J. (tarih yok). O.
  • Nye, J. S., & Welch, D. A. (2018). Küresel çatişmayi ve işbirliğini anlamak (5. ed.). (R. Akman, Trans.) İstanbul: İş Bankası Yayınları.
  • Nye, J., & Keohane, R. O. (2012). Power and interdependence. Boston: Longman.
  • Pala, C. (2022, September 21). Türkmen ve Özbek doğalgazinin bati’ya taşinmasi ve Azerbaycan. Retrieved December 2022, from ANKASAM Web Site: https://www.ankasam.org/turkmen-ve-ozbek-dogalgazinin- batiya-tasinmasi-ve-azerbaycan/
  • Pamir, N. (2015). Enerjinin iktidari. İstanbul: Hayy Kitap.
  • Pirani, S. (2019). In central Asian gas: Prospects for the 2020s. Oxford: Oxford Institute for Energy Studies.
  • Raimondi, P. P. (2019). Central Asia oil and gas industry - The external powers’ energy interests in Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. Milano: Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM).
  • Sancarbaba, E. (2022). Türkmen doğal gazi avrupa için hala olasi bir seçenek. Synergy, IV(1), 14-16.
  • Sarı, Y. (2016). Türkmenistan'ın enerji politikalari. In K. Kasım, Türkmenistan (pp. 153-198). Ankara: Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Yayınları.
  • Stackelberg, V. (1934). Marktform und gleichgewicht. Vienna and Berlin: Springer Verlag.
  • Tabatska, D. (2015, December 16). Turkmenistan: The Diversifıcation of Gas Export Market. Retrieved December 21, 2022, from Natural Gas World Web Site: https://www.naturalgasworld.com/turkmenistan-the- diversification-of-gas-export-market-27160
  • Turan, İ. (2021). Turkmenıstan’s energy independence policy regarding Sino-Russian competition: the role of permanent neutrality in the new great game. Eurasian Journal of Researches in Social and Economics, VIII(2), 332-349.
  • U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). (2016, July 1). Turkmenistan. Retrieved December 20, 2022, from U.S. Energy Information Administration Web Site: https://www.eia.gov/international/analysis/country/TKM
  • Uludağ, M. B., Karagül, S., & Baba, G. (2013). Turkey's role in energy diplomacy from competition to cooperation: theoretical and factual projections. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, III(Special Issue), 102-114.
  • Vepayev, A., & Deniz, O. (2020). Production and consumption trends of natural gas of turkmenistan the years from 2009 to 2019. Journal of Scientific Perspectives, IV(4), 237-244.
  • Wagner, H. (1988). Economic interdependence, bargaining power and political influence. International Organization, XL(3), 461-483.
  • Yıldız, İ., & MacEachern, C. (2018). Historical aspects of energy. In İ. Dinçer, Comprehensive Energy Systems (pp. 24-48). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
  • Yergin, D. (1995). Petrol: Para ve güç çatişmasinin epik öyküsü (Trans: K. Tuncay). İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Yayınları.
  • Yergin, D. (2014). Enerjinin geleceği (Vol. I). (Ü. Şensoy, Trans.) İstanbul: Optimist Yayınları.
  • Zhuldyz, K. (2022, April 21). Turkmenistan-Russia energy cooperation in the context of natural gas trading. Retrieved December 20, 2022, from Akhmet Yassawi University Eurasian Research Institute: https://www.eurasian-research.org/publication/turkmenistan-russia-energy-cooperation-in-the-context- of-natural-gas-trading/

Türkmenistan’ın Enerji Güvenliğinde Bati Alternatifi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 691 - 715, 27.04.2023

Anıl Çağlar Erkan

https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1230579

Öz

Enerji güvenliği konseptinin dönemin değişen koşullarıyla bağlantılı şekilde geliştiği ve derinleştiği tartışmasızdır. Süreç içerisinde enerji güvenliğini olumsuz etkileyen yeni tehditlerin ortaya çıkmasını ya da başka bir soruna dönüşmesini bu kapsamda ele almak mümkündür. Buna karşın belki de değişmeyen tek şey enerji güvenliğinin devletlerin ulusal güvenliklerinin ana bileşenlerinden birisi olmaya devam etmesidir. Ayrıca dün olduğu gibi bugün de enerji güvenliği küresel ekonominin çarklarının dönmeye devam etmesindeki en hayati unsurlardan birisi olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu noktada devletlerin enerji güvenliği kapsamında önlemler alması zorunlu hale gelmektedir. Karşılıklı bağımlılığın hemen hemen tüm unsurlarını yansıttığı göz önüne alındığında alınacak önlemlerin başında çeşitlendirme stratejileri gelmektedir. Çeşitlendirme stratejileri hem üretici hem de tüketici tarafların enerji güvenliği sorunlarını tamamen ortadan kaldırmasa da en alt düzeye indirilmesinde son derece etkilidir. Enerji ilişkileri karşılıklı bağımlılık ortamında hassasiyet ve kırılganlıkların pazarlık gücü üzerindeki olumsuz etkisi göz önüne alındığında çeşitlendirme stratejilerinin önemi daha net anlaşılacaktır. Tüm bunlar ışığında çalışmada Türkmenistan’ın enerji güvenliğini sağlamak amacıyla batıya yönelimiyle arasındaki ilişki analiz edilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Enerji Güvenliği Karşılıklı Bağımlılık Hassasiyet ve Kırılganlık Batı Türkmenistan

Kaynakça

  • Çalışkan, B. (2017, December 26). Türkmenistan'ın doğal gaz çikmazi. Retrieved December 20, 2022, from INSAMER Web Site: https://www.insamer.com/tr/turkmenistanin-dogalgaz-cikmazi_1088.html
  • Çoban, H. (2017). Eski çağda ilk evcil hayvanlar ve deve. Journal of Social and Humanities Sciences Research, IV(11), 554-560.
  • Akçadağ Alagöz, E. (2016). Çin'in enerji güvenliğinin iran ile ilişkilerine etkisi. The Turkish Yearbook of the International RElations(47), 33-56.
  • Akbaş, Z., & Furuncu, Y. (2016). Realtionship between energy dependence and national security: the case of Turkey. International Journal of Management and Applied Science, II(11), 193-196.
  • Allen, R. (2013). Energy transitions in history: The shift to coal. In R. W. Unger, Energy Transitions in History: Global Cases of Continuity and Change (pp. 11-15). Munich: RCC Perspectives.
  • Anadolu Ajansı. (2022, December 16). Türkiye-Azerbaycan-Türkmenistan devlet başkanlari zirvesi'ne ilişkin ortak bildiri. Retrieved December 21, 2022, from Anadolu Ajansı Web Site: https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/gundem/- turkiye-azerbaycan-turkmenistan-devlet-baskanlari-zirvesine-iliskin-ortak-bildiri/2765526
  • Arı, T. (2008). Uluslararası ilişkiler teorileri: çatişma, hegemonya, işbirliği. Bursa: Marmara Kitap Merkezi.
  • Ateşoğlu Güney, N., & Korkmaz, V. (2014). The energy interdepedence model between Russia and Europe: an evaluation of exoectations for change. Perceptions, XIX(3), 35-59.
  • Baldwin, D. (1980). Interdependence and power: A conceptional analyisis. International Organization, XXXIV(4), 471-506.
  • Bendini, R. (2013). Turkmenistan: Selected trade and economic issues. Brussels: European Union.
  • Bossuyt, R. (2018). Bringing Turkmen gas to the European market. United Nations Univrsity Policy Brief(4), 1-10.
  • BP. (2022). BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2022 71. Edition. London: BP.
  • CIA Factbook. (2022, December 13). Turkmenistan. Retrieved December 20, 2022, from CIA Factbook Web Site: https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/turkmenistan/#energy
  • Crescenzi, M. (2005). Economic interdependence and conflict in world politics. Lanham MD: Lexington Books.
  • Dixon, W. (1984). Interdependence as foreign policy behaviour. International Interactions, XI(1), 61-85.
  • Dolata, P. (2017). Energy security. R. Dover, H. Dylan, & M. Goodman içinde, The Palgrave Handbook of Security, Risk and Intelligence (s. 47-62). London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Erkan, A. Ç. (2021). Çin-Rusya enerji ilişkilerinde yeni dengeler. Ankara: Nobel Akademik.
  • Esakova, N. (2012). European energy security. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag fur Sozialwissenschaften.
  • Gökçe, O. Z. (2018). The role of energy interdependence in shaping world politics. Ankara: Sabancı Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Gürkaynak, M., & Yalçıner, S. (2009). Uluslararası politikada karşilikli bağimlilik ve küreselleşme üzerine bir inceleme. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, VI(23), 73-92.
  • Ibrahimov, r. (2017). Energy and power politics in the cases of Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan. Perceptions, XXII(2-3), 131-152.
  • IMF. (2019, April 10). IMF Staff Completes 2019 Article IV Mission to Turkmenistan Retrieved December 20, 2022, from IMF Web Site: https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2019/04/10/pr19112-turkmenistan-imf-staff- completes-2019-article-iv-mission
  • Kasım, K. (2021). The impact of Azerbaijan-Turkmenistan energy cooperation on the Caspian energy security. ASBİ Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, XXI(3), 945-960.
  • Kroll, J. (1993). The compexity of interdependence. International Studies Quarterly, XXXVII(3), 321-347.
  • Mabro, R. (2007). The oil weapon: can it be used today? Harward International Review, XXIX(3), 56-60.
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkmenistan. (2021, November 22). The Fifth Meeting of Turkmenistan-China Cooperation Committee Was Held. Retrieved December 21, 2022, from Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkmenistan Web Site: https://www.mfa.gov.tm/en/news/2892
  • Nance, M. T., & Boettcher, W. A. (2017). Conflict, cooperation and change in the politics of energy interdependence: an introduction. Energy Research & Social Science, 24, 1-5.
  • Nye, J. (1976). Interdependence and interdependence. Foreign Policy, 22, 130-161.
  • Nye, J. (tarih yok). O.
  • Nye, J. S., & Welch, D. A. (2018). Küresel çatişmayi ve işbirliğini anlamak (5. ed.). (R. Akman, Trans.) İstanbul: İş Bankası Yayınları.
  • Nye, J., & Keohane, R. O. (2012). Power and interdependence. Boston: Longman.
  • Pala, C. (2022, September 21). Türkmen ve Özbek doğalgazinin bati’ya taşinmasi ve Azerbaycan. Retrieved December 2022, from ANKASAM Web Site: https://www.ankasam.org/turkmen-ve-ozbek-dogalgazinin- batiya-tasinmasi-ve-azerbaycan/
  • Pamir, N. (2015). Enerjinin iktidari. İstanbul: Hayy Kitap.
  • Pirani, S. (2019). In central Asian gas: Prospects for the 2020s. Oxford: Oxford Institute for Energy Studies.
  • Raimondi, P. P. (2019). Central Asia oil and gas industry - The external powers’ energy interests in Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. Milano: Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM).
  • Sancarbaba, E. (2022). Türkmen doğal gazi avrupa için hala olasi bir seçenek. Synergy, IV(1), 14-16.
  • Sarı, Y. (2016). Türkmenistan'ın enerji politikalari. In K. Kasım, Türkmenistan (pp. 153-198). Ankara: Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Yayınları.
  • Stackelberg, V. (1934). Marktform und gleichgewicht. Vienna and Berlin: Springer Verlag.
  • Tabatska, D. (2015, December 16). Turkmenistan: The Diversifıcation of Gas Export Market. Retrieved December 21, 2022, from Natural Gas World Web Site: https://www.naturalgasworld.com/turkmenistan-the- diversification-of-gas-export-market-27160
  • Turan, İ. (2021). Turkmenıstan’s energy independence policy regarding Sino-Russian competition: the role of permanent neutrality in the new great game. Eurasian Journal of Researches in Social and Economics, VIII(2), 332-349.
  • U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). (2016, July 1). Turkmenistan. Retrieved December 20, 2022, from U.S. Energy Information Administration Web Site: https://www.eia.gov/international/analysis/country/TKM
  • Uludağ, M. B., Karagül, S., & Baba, G. (2013). Turkey's role in energy diplomacy from competition to cooperation: theoretical and factual projections. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, III(Special Issue), 102-114.
  • Vepayev, A., & Deniz, O. (2020). Production and consumption trends of natural gas of turkmenistan the years from 2009 to 2019. Journal of Scientific Perspectives, IV(4), 237-244.
  • Wagner, H. (1988). Economic interdependence, bargaining power and political influence. International Organization, XL(3), 461-483.
  • Yıldız, İ., & MacEachern, C. (2018). Historical aspects of energy. In İ. Dinçer, Comprehensive Energy Systems (pp. 24-48). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
  • Yergin, D. (1995). Petrol: Para ve güç çatişmasinin epik öyküsü (Trans: K. Tuncay). İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Yayınları.
  • Yergin, D. (2014). Enerjinin geleceği (Vol. I). (Ü. Şensoy, Trans.) İstanbul: Optimist Yayınları.
  • Zhuldyz, K. (2022, April 21). Turkmenistan-Russia energy cooperation in the context of natural gas trading. Retrieved December 20, 2022, from Akhmet Yassawi University Eurasian Research Institute: https://www.eurasian-research.org/publication/turkmenistan-russia-energy-cooperation-in-the-context- of-natural-gas-trading/
Toplam 48 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Anıl Çağlar Erkan 0000-0001-9693-6556

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Nisan 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 6 Ocak 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Erkan, A. Ç. (2023). The West Alternative in Turkmenistan’s Energy Security. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 12(2), 691-715. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1230579
AMA Erkan AÇ. The West Alternative in Turkmenistan’s Energy Security. MJSS. Nisan 2023;12(2):691-715. doi:10.33206/mjss.1230579
Chicago Erkan, Anıl Çağlar. “The West Alternative in Turkmenistan’s Energy Security”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 12, sy. 2 (Nisan 2023): 691-715. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1230579.
EndNote Erkan AÇ (01 Nisan 2023) The West Alternative in Turkmenistan’s Energy Security. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 12 2 691–715.
IEEE A. Ç. Erkan, “The West Alternative in Turkmenistan’s Energy Security”, MJSS, c. 12, sy. 2, ss. 691–715, 2023, doi: 10.33206/mjss.1230579.
ISNAD Erkan, Anıl Çağlar. “The West Alternative in Turkmenistan’s Energy Security”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 12/2 (Nisan 2023), 691-715. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1230579.
JAMA Erkan AÇ. The West Alternative in Turkmenistan’s Energy Security. MJSS. 2023;12:691–715.
MLA Erkan, Anıl Çağlar. “The West Alternative in Turkmenistan’s Energy Security”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, c. 12, sy. 2, 2023, ss. 691-15, doi:10.33206/mjss.1230579.
Vancouver Erkan AÇ. The West Alternative in Turkmenistan’s Energy Security. MJSS. 2023;12(2):691-715.
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