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Tek Yıllık Çim (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) Yem Bitkisinin Nispi Yem Değeri, Enerji ve Besin İçeriğinin Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 1172 - 1183, 12.12.2022

Öz

Bu çalışma, hasat sayısının tek yıllık çim (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) yem değerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma materyali olarak Erzincan ili Hürrempalangası Köyü'ndeki özel bir aile çiftliğinde yetiştirilen tek yıllık çim kullanılmıştır. Tek yıllık çim deneme döneminde iki kez hasat edilmiştir. Bitkiler çiçeklenme döneminde hasat edildikten ve balyalandıktan sonra matkap ve sonda kullanılarak numuneler alınmıştır. Numunelerin hasat zamanına göre kimyasal içerikleri ile metabolik enerji (ME), net enerji laktasyon (NEL), toplam sindirilebilir besin maddeleri (TSBM) ve nispi yem değeri (NYD) parametreleri belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler varyans analizine tabi tutulmuş ve ortalamalar arasındaki farklar T testi ile tespit edilmiştir. Farklı dönemlerde hasat edilen bitkiler besin madde içerikleri açısından meydana gelen farklılıklar istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur (P<0.05). NEL, ME ve TSBM içerikleri, çim otunun besin madde bileşimleri kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. TSBM ve NYD açısından hasatlar arasındaki fark önemli bulunmuştur (P<0.01). Tek yıllık çimin birinci ve ikinci hasatta ortalama HP, NDF, NEL, ME ve TSBM içerikleri sırasıyla; %12,74 ve %18,72, 111,56 ve 98,79, 1593,9 ve 1589,4 Kcal/kg DM, 2352,2 ve 2345,5 Kcal/kg DM ve %59,19 ve %57,02 olmuştur. Sonuç olarak, kimyasal bileşimi ve NYD parametreleri dikkate alındığında yüksek bir yem kaynağı potansiyeline sahip olan tek yıllık çimin kaba yem kaynağı olarak ruminant rasyonlarında kullanılabileceği söylenebilir. 

Kaynakça

  • Abaş, İ., Özpınar, H., Kutay, H.C., Karaman, R. Determination of the metabolizable energy (ME) and net energy lactation (NEL) contents of some feeds in the marmara region by in vitro gas technique. Turk Journal Veterinary Animal Sci. 2005; 29: 751-757.
  • Akgün, İ., Tosun, M., Şengül, S. Comparison of agronomic characters of festulolium, festuca pratensis huds. and Lolium multiflorum Lam. genotypes under high elevation conditions in Turkey. Bangladesh J. Bot. 2008; 37(1): 1-6.
  • Anonymous. http://www.ruminantbesleme.com/ruminant-yemlerinde-enerji-degerlerinin-ham-besin-maddelerinden-hesaplanmasi/ Access (12.02.2019). 2017.
  • AOAC. Official method of analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemist spp. 66-88. 15th.edition Washington, DC. USA. 1990.
  • Ayaşan, T., Çetinkaya, N., Aykanat, S., Çelik, C. Nutrient contents and in vitrodigestibility of different parts of corn plant. South African Journal of Animal Sci. 2020a; 50(2): 302-309.
  • Ayaşan, T., Sucu, E., Ülger, İ., Hızlı, H., Cubukcu, P., Özcan, B.D. Determination of in vitro rumen digestibility and potential feed value of tiger nut varieties. South African Journal of Animal Sci. 2020b; 50(5): 738-744.
  • Barchiesi-Ferrari, C., Alomar, D., Miranda, H. Pepsin-cellulase digestibility of pasture silage: Effect of pasture type, maturity stage, and variations in the enzymatic method. Chilean J. Agric. Res., 2011; 71(2): 249-257.
  • Baytekin, H., Kızılşimşek, M., Demiroğlu, G. Grass and split types editor: R. Avcıoğlu, R. Hatipoğlu, Y. Karadağ. Forage Crops General Section Volume III. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs General Directorate of Agricultural Production and Development, Izmir, p. 561-572. 2009.
  • Canbolat, Ö., Karaman, Ş. Comparison of in vitro gas production, metabolizable energy, organic matter digestibility and microbial protein production of some legume hays. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Uludag University, 2009; 15(2): 188-195.
  • Colf, J.V.D. The production potential of Kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) pasturesover-sown with ryegrass (Lolium spp.). Master Thesis Study, University of Pretetoria, 42-67 South Africa. 2010.
  • Çarpıcı, E.M., Çelik, N. Forage yield and quality of common vetch mixtures with triticale and annual ryegrass. Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 2014; 19(1): 66-69.
  • Çetin, R. Determined of forage yield and quality effects in annual ryegrass (Lolium Multiflorum L.) nitrogen fertilizer under Kazova-Tokat ecological conditions. MSc., Gaziosmanpaşa University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Department of Field Crops, Tokat. 2017.
  • Çolak, E. The effect of different nitrogen fertilizer doses on yield, quality and some agricultural traits of italian ryegrass (Lolium italicum L.) cultivars. Ph.D. Thesis, Ankara University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Department of Field Crop, Ankara. 2015.
  • Dovel, R.L., Rainey, J., Charlton, B.A. Effects of planting date and variety on annual ryegrass performance. In the Klamath Basın. Research in the Klamath Basin, 1999 Annual Report, 70-76. 1999.
  • Eseceli, H., Ayaşan, T., Esen, V.K., Esen, S. Nutrient and mineral contents, and in vitro digestibility of kermes oak (Quercus coccifera L.) and mock privet (Phillyrea latifolia L.). Alinteri J. of Agr. Sci. 2020; 35(29): 100-106.
  • Gemalmaz, E., Bilal, T. Alternative roughage sources. Lalahan Cabbage Livestock Research Institute, 2016; 56(2): 63-69.
  • Göktepe, A.E. Determination of relative feed value and in vitro digestibility of caramba (Lolium multiflorumcv. Caramba). MSc., Ondokuz Mayis University, Health Sciences Institute, Samsun. 2015.
  • Gürsoy, A. The Effect of sulphur applications on yeild and some quality characteristics of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) in alcaline conditions. MSc, Atatürk University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Erzurum. 2011.
  • Gürsoy, E. Determination of chemical composition, relative feed values and in vitro gas production parameters of some legume and grass forages grown as naturally in the pastures of Erzurum province. Ph. D. Thesis, Atatürk University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Department of Animal Science, Erzurum. 2013.
  • Gürsoy, E., Macit, M. Comparison of relative feed values of some grasses grown in grassland and meadow of Erzurum province. YYU J AGR SCI. 27, 2017; (3): 309 – 317.
  • Kara, E. Evaluation of yield and quality of some annual grass and legume forage crops and their mixtures growing as winter crop under Aydin ecological conditions. MSc., Adnan Menderes University, Institute of Science, Aydın. 2016.
  • Karakurt, E., Ekiz, H. Effects of the mixture rates of bersem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) and Italian rygrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) on the forage yield. Journal of Ankara University Faculty of Agriculture, 1996; 5(2): 25-30.
  • Katiç, S., Milić, D., Karagiç, D., Vasiljeviç, S., Glamocic, D.andJajiç, I. Variation of protein, cellulose and mineral contents of lucerne as influenced by cultivar and cut. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, 2009; 25 (5-6): 1189-1195.
  • Kavut, Y.T., Geren, H. Effects of different harvest dates and mixture rates on the yield and some quality characteristics of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) with hairy vetch (Vicia villosa L.) mixtures. Medıterranean Agrıcultural Sciences, 2018; 31(3): 283-287.
  • Kuşvuran, A. The effects of different nitrogen doses on herbage and seed yields of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum cv. Caramba). Afr. J. Biotechnol, 2011; 10(60): 12916-12924.
  • Kuşvuran, A. Tansı, V. The effects of different row spacing on herbage and seed yields of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum cv. Caramba). Bulg. J. Agric. Sci. 2011; 17(6): 744-754.
  • Kuşvuran, A., Kaplan, M., Nazlı, R.İ. Effects of ratio and row spacing in hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz.) and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) inter cropping system on yield and quality under semiarid climate conditions. Turkish Journal of Field Crops. 2014; 19(1): 118-128.
  • Kutlu, H.R. Feed evaluation and analysis methods. Çukurova University Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science. Lecture notes, p. 208. 2008.
  • Lale, V. Determination of herbage yield and quality of some Italian rygrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) varieties in Bingöl conditions. MSc, Bingöl University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Department of Field Crop, Bingöl. 2020.
  • McCormick, M. E., Forbes, S., McKean, D., Walz, R. Improving nutritional value of summer baleage crops for lactating Holstein cows. SE Research Station Annual Field Day Sum. pg 18-20. 2008.
  • Meeske, R., Botha, P.R., Van Der Merwe, G.D., Greyling, J.F., Hopkins, C., Marais, J.P. Milk production potential of two ryegrass cultivars with different total non-structural carbohydrate contents. South African Journal of Animal Science, 2009; 39(1):15-21.
  • Moore, J.E. Forage quality indices: Development and Application. In: Forage Quality, Evaluation and Utilization. (ed. Fahey, Jr. G.C.). ASA, CSSA, SSSA, Madison, WI, 977-998. 1994.
  • Özdemir, S., Budaklı, Ç.E., Aşık, B.B. The effects of different nitrogen doses on forage yield and quality of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum wester woldicum Caramba). KSU J. Agric Nat. 2019; 22(1): 131-137.
  • Özelçam, H., Kırkpınar, F., Tan, K. Chemical composition, in vivo digestibility and metabolizable energy values of Caramba (Lolium multiflorum cv. Caramba) fresh, silage and hay. Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci. 2015; 28(10): 1427-1432.
  • Redfearn, D., Zhang, H., Caddel, J. Forage quality interpretations. Oklahoma Coop. Extension Service 2006; F-2117. http://pods.dasnr.okstate. edu/ d°Cushare/dsweb/Get/D°Cument 2557/F2117web.pdf, 2009. 2006.
  • Rohweder, D.A., Barnes, R.F. Jorgensen n. proposed hay grading standards based on laboratory analyses fore valuating quality. J. of Anim. Sci. 1978; 47: 747-759.
  • Serin, Y., Tan, M., Şeker, H. The effects of nitrogen fertilization and planting rate on grass and crude protein yield and raw protein ratio in single-year turf (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). Turkey 3. Meadow and Forage Crops Congress (17 to 19 June 1996), Erzurum. 1996; 732-738.
  • Soya, H., Avcıoğlu, R., Geren, H. Yem bitkileri. Hasad yayın, 1997; 1-220.
  • Şimşek, S. Determination of the effects of different rates of Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonnica Crantz) + annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) mixtures on yield and quality under Kırşehir conditions, MSc, Ahi Evran University Institute of Science, Kirsehir. 2015.
  • Teutsch, C., Smith, R. Does annual ryegrass fit into Virginia’s pasture systems? Cropand soil environmental news, September 2001. USA.
  • TUİK. Year 2017 Turkey Statistical Institute data. ‘https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=92&locale=tr’ Access (01.12.2017). 2017a.
  • TUİK. Year 2017 Turkey Statistical Institute data. ‘https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/hayvancilikapp/hayvancilik.zul’ Access (01.12.2017). 2017b.
  • Türk, M., Pak, M., Bıçakçı, E. The effects of different nitrogen fertilizer doses on the yield and quality of some annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) cultivars. Isparta University of Applied Sciences Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, 2019; 14(2): 219-225.
  • Van Dyke, N.J., Anderson, P.M. Interpreting a forage analysis. Alabama cooperative extension. Circular ANR-890. 2000.
  • Van Soest, P.J., Robertson, J.D., Lewis, B.A. Methods for dietary fibre, neutral detergent fibre and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 1991; 74: 3583–3597.
  • Yavuz, T., Sürmen, M., Albayrak, S., Çankaya, N. Determination of forage yield and quality characteristics of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) lines. Journal Agricultural of Sciences, 2017; 23(2): 234-241.
  • Zhang, T., Ramakrishnon, R., Livny, M. Birch: An efficient data clustering method for very large databases. Proceedings of the ACM SIGMOD Conference on Management of Data. p. 103–114, Montreal, Canada. 1996.

Determınatıon of Relatıve Feed Value, Energy and Nutrıent Contents of Annual Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.)

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 1172 - 1183, 12.12.2022

Öz

This study was carried out to determine the effect of the number of harvests on the feed value of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). The annual ryegrass grown in a private family farm in Hürrempalangası Village, Erzincan was used as the research material. The ryegrass was harvested twice in the experimental period. After the plants were harvested in the flowering period and baled, samples were collected using a drill and probe. The samples were analyzed according to the harvest time in terms of chemical content, metabolizable energy (ME), net energy lactation (NEL), total digestible nutrients (TDN), and relative feed value (RFV). The obtained data were subjected to analysis of variance, and the differences between the means were determined by Duncan multiple comparison tests. The difference between the plants harvested in different periods was statistically significant in terms of nutrient contents (p<0.05). The NEL, ME, and TDN contents were calculated using the nutrient composition of the ryegrass. The difference between the harvests in terms of TDN and RFV was significant (p<0.01). The mean CP, RFV, NEL, ME, and TDN contents of the annual ryegrass were found to be 12.74% and 18.72%, 111. 56 and 98.79, 1593.9 and 1589.4 Kcal/kg DM, 2352.2 and 2345.5 Kcal/kg DM, and 59.19% and 57.02% in the first and second harvest, respectively. In conclusion, considering the climate of Erzincan, chemical composition and RFV parameters of the annual ryegrass, it can be asserted that the annual ryegrass has a high potential for a forage source and may be used in ruminant rations.

Kaynakça

  • Abaş, İ., Özpınar, H., Kutay, H.C., Karaman, R. Determination of the metabolizable energy (ME) and net energy lactation (NEL) contents of some feeds in the marmara region by in vitro gas technique. Turk Journal Veterinary Animal Sci. 2005; 29: 751-757.
  • Akgün, İ., Tosun, M., Şengül, S. Comparison of agronomic characters of festulolium, festuca pratensis huds. and Lolium multiflorum Lam. genotypes under high elevation conditions in Turkey. Bangladesh J. Bot. 2008; 37(1): 1-6.
  • Anonymous. http://www.ruminantbesleme.com/ruminant-yemlerinde-enerji-degerlerinin-ham-besin-maddelerinden-hesaplanmasi/ Access (12.02.2019). 2017.
  • AOAC. Official method of analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemist spp. 66-88. 15th.edition Washington, DC. USA. 1990.
  • Ayaşan, T., Çetinkaya, N., Aykanat, S., Çelik, C. Nutrient contents and in vitrodigestibility of different parts of corn plant. South African Journal of Animal Sci. 2020a; 50(2): 302-309.
  • Ayaşan, T., Sucu, E., Ülger, İ., Hızlı, H., Cubukcu, P., Özcan, B.D. Determination of in vitro rumen digestibility and potential feed value of tiger nut varieties. South African Journal of Animal Sci. 2020b; 50(5): 738-744.
  • Barchiesi-Ferrari, C., Alomar, D., Miranda, H. Pepsin-cellulase digestibility of pasture silage: Effect of pasture type, maturity stage, and variations in the enzymatic method. Chilean J. Agric. Res., 2011; 71(2): 249-257.
  • Baytekin, H., Kızılşimşek, M., Demiroğlu, G. Grass and split types editor: R. Avcıoğlu, R. Hatipoğlu, Y. Karadağ. Forage Crops General Section Volume III. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs General Directorate of Agricultural Production and Development, Izmir, p. 561-572. 2009.
  • Canbolat, Ö., Karaman, Ş. Comparison of in vitro gas production, metabolizable energy, organic matter digestibility and microbial protein production of some legume hays. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Uludag University, 2009; 15(2): 188-195.
  • Colf, J.V.D. The production potential of Kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) pasturesover-sown with ryegrass (Lolium spp.). Master Thesis Study, University of Pretetoria, 42-67 South Africa. 2010.
  • Çarpıcı, E.M., Çelik, N. Forage yield and quality of common vetch mixtures with triticale and annual ryegrass. Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 2014; 19(1): 66-69.
  • Çetin, R. Determined of forage yield and quality effects in annual ryegrass (Lolium Multiflorum L.) nitrogen fertilizer under Kazova-Tokat ecological conditions. MSc., Gaziosmanpaşa University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Department of Field Crops, Tokat. 2017.
  • Çolak, E. The effect of different nitrogen fertilizer doses on yield, quality and some agricultural traits of italian ryegrass (Lolium italicum L.) cultivars. Ph.D. Thesis, Ankara University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Department of Field Crop, Ankara. 2015.
  • Dovel, R.L., Rainey, J., Charlton, B.A. Effects of planting date and variety on annual ryegrass performance. In the Klamath Basın. Research in the Klamath Basin, 1999 Annual Report, 70-76. 1999.
  • Eseceli, H., Ayaşan, T., Esen, V.K., Esen, S. Nutrient and mineral contents, and in vitro digestibility of kermes oak (Quercus coccifera L.) and mock privet (Phillyrea latifolia L.). Alinteri J. of Agr. Sci. 2020; 35(29): 100-106.
  • Gemalmaz, E., Bilal, T. Alternative roughage sources. Lalahan Cabbage Livestock Research Institute, 2016; 56(2): 63-69.
  • Göktepe, A.E. Determination of relative feed value and in vitro digestibility of caramba (Lolium multiflorumcv. Caramba). MSc., Ondokuz Mayis University, Health Sciences Institute, Samsun. 2015.
  • Gürsoy, A. The Effect of sulphur applications on yeild and some quality characteristics of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) in alcaline conditions. MSc, Atatürk University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Erzurum. 2011.
  • Gürsoy, E. Determination of chemical composition, relative feed values and in vitro gas production parameters of some legume and grass forages grown as naturally in the pastures of Erzurum province. Ph. D. Thesis, Atatürk University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Department of Animal Science, Erzurum. 2013.
  • Gürsoy, E., Macit, M. Comparison of relative feed values of some grasses grown in grassland and meadow of Erzurum province. YYU J AGR SCI. 27, 2017; (3): 309 – 317.
  • Kara, E. Evaluation of yield and quality of some annual grass and legume forage crops and their mixtures growing as winter crop under Aydin ecological conditions. MSc., Adnan Menderes University, Institute of Science, Aydın. 2016.
  • Karakurt, E., Ekiz, H. Effects of the mixture rates of bersem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) and Italian rygrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) on the forage yield. Journal of Ankara University Faculty of Agriculture, 1996; 5(2): 25-30.
  • Katiç, S., Milić, D., Karagiç, D., Vasiljeviç, S., Glamocic, D.andJajiç, I. Variation of protein, cellulose and mineral contents of lucerne as influenced by cultivar and cut. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, 2009; 25 (5-6): 1189-1195.
  • Kavut, Y.T., Geren, H. Effects of different harvest dates and mixture rates on the yield and some quality characteristics of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) with hairy vetch (Vicia villosa L.) mixtures. Medıterranean Agrıcultural Sciences, 2018; 31(3): 283-287.
  • Kuşvuran, A. The effects of different nitrogen doses on herbage and seed yields of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum cv. Caramba). Afr. J. Biotechnol, 2011; 10(60): 12916-12924.
  • Kuşvuran, A. Tansı, V. The effects of different row spacing on herbage and seed yields of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum cv. Caramba). Bulg. J. Agric. Sci. 2011; 17(6): 744-754.
  • Kuşvuran, A., Kaplan, M., Nazlı, R.İ. Effects of ratio and row spacing in hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz.) and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) inter cropping system on yield and quality under semiarid climate conditions. Turkish Journal of Field Crops. 2014; 19(1): 118-128.
  • Kutlu, H.R. Feed evaluation and analysis methods. Çukurova University Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science. Lecture notes, p. 208. 2008.
  • Lale, V. Determination of herbage yield and quality of some Italian rygrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) varieties in Bingöl conditions. MSc, Bingöl University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Department of Field Crop, Bingöl. 2020.
  • McCormick, M. E., Forbes, S., McKean, D., Walz, R. Improving nutritional value of summer baleage crops for lactating Holstein cows. SE Research Station Annual Field Day Sum. pg 18-20. 2008.
  • Meeske, R., Botha, P.R., Van Der Merwe, G.D., Greyling, J.F., Hopkins, C., Marais, J.P. Milk production potential of two ryegrass cultivars with different total non-structural carbohydrate contents. South African Journal of Animal Science, 2009; 39(1):15-21.
  • Moore, J.E. Forage quality indices: Development and Application. In: Forage Quality, Evaluation and Utilization. (ed. Fahey, Jr. G.C.). ASA, CSSA, SSSA, Madison, WI, 977-998. 1994.
  • Özdemir, S., Budaklı, Ç.E., Aşık, B.B. The effects of different nitrogen doses on forage yield and quality of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum wester woldicum Caramba). KSU J. Agric Nat. 2019; 22(1): 131-137.
  • Özelçam, H., Kırkpınar, F., Tan, K. Chemical composition, in vivo digestibility and metabolizable energy values of Caramba (Lolium multiflorum cv. Caramba) fresh, silage and hay. Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci. 2015; 28(10): 1427-1432.
  • Redfearn, D., Zhang, H., Caddel, J. Forage quality interpretations. Oklahoma Coop. Extension Service 2006; F-2117. http://pods.dasnr.okstate. edu/ d°Cushare/dsweb/Get/D°Cument 2557/F2117web.pdf, 2009. 2006.
  • Rohweder, D.A., Barnes, R.F. Jorgensen n. proposed hay grading standards based on laboratory analyses fore valuating quality. J. of Anim. Sci. 1978; 47: 747-759.
  • Serin, Y., Tan, M., Şeker, H. The effects of nitrogen fertilization and planting rate on grass and crude protein yield and raw protein ratio in single-year turf (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). Turkey 3. Meadow and Forage Crops Congress (17 to 19 June 1996), Erzurum. 1996; 732-738.
  • Soya, H., Avcıoğlu, R., Geren, H. Yem bitkileri. Hasad yayın, 1997; 1-220.
  • Şimşek, S. Determination of the effects of different rates of Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonnica Crantz) + annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) mixtures on yield and quality under Kırşehir conditions, MSc, Ahi Evran University Institute of Science, Kirsehir. 2015.
  • Teutsch, C., Smith, R. Does annual ryegrass fit into Virginia’s pasture systems? Cropand soil environmental news, September 2001. USA.
  • TUİK. Year 2017 Turkey Statistical Institute data. ‘https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=92&locale=tr’ Access (01.12.2017). 2017a.
  • TUİK. Year 2017 Turkey Statistical Institute data. ‘https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/hayvancilikapp/hayvancilik.zul’ Access (01.12.2017). 2017b.
  • Türk, M., Pak, M., Bıçakçı, E. The effects of different nitrogen fertilizer doses on the yield and quality of some annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) cultivars. Isparta University of Applied Sciences Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, 2019; 14(2): 219-225.
  • Van Dyke, N.J., Anderson, P.M. Interpreting a forage analysis. Alabama cooperative extension. Circular ANR-890. 2000.
  • Van Soest, P.J., Robertson, J.D., Lewis, B.A. Methods for dietary fibre, neutral detergent fibre and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 1991; 74: 3583–3597.
  • Yavuz, T., Sürmen, M., Albayrak, S., Çankaya, N. Determination of forage yield and quality characteristics of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) lines. Journal Agricultural of Sciences, 2017; 23(2): 234-241.
  • Zhang, T., Ramakrishnon, R., Livny, M. Birch: An efficient data clustering method for very large databases. Proceedings of the ACM SIGMOD Conference on Management of Data. p. 103–114, Montreal, Canada. 1996.
Toplam 47 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Hayvansal Üretim (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri (RESEARCH ARTICLES)
Yazarlar

Emre Kütük Bu kişi benim

Gürkan Sezmiş

Esra Gürsoy

Yayımlanma Tarihi 12 Aralık 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 15 Kasım 2021
Kabul Tarihi 14 Mart 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Kütük, E., Sezmiş, G., & Gürsoy, E. (2022). Tek Yıllık Çim (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) Yem Bitkisinin Nispi Yem Değeri, Enerji ve Besin İçeriğinin Belirlenmesi. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 5(3), 1172-1183.
AMA Kütük E, Sezmiş G, Gürsoy E. Tek Yıllık Çim (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) Yem Bitkisinin Nispi Yem Değeri, Enerji ve Besin İçeriğinin Belirlenmesi. OKÜ Fen Bil. Ens. Dergisi ((OKU Journal of Nat. & App. Sci). Aralık 2022;5(3):1172-1183.
Chicago Kütük, Emre, Gürkan Sezmiş, ve Esra Gürsoy. “Tek Yıllık Çim (Lolium Multiflorum Lam.) Yem Bitkisinin Nispi Yem Değeri, Enerji Ve Besin İçeriğinin Belirlenmesi”. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 5, sy. 3 (Aralık 2022): 1172-83.
EndNote Kütük E, Sezmiş G, Gürsoy E (01 Aralık 2022) Tek Yıllık Çim (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) Yem Bitkisinin Nispi Yem Değeri, Enerji ve Besin İçeriğinin Belirlenmesi. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 5 3 1172–1183.
IEEE E. Kütük, G. Sezmiş, ve E. Gürsoy, “Tek Yıllık Çim (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) Yem Bitkisinin Nispi Yem Değeri, Enerji ve Besin İçeriğinin Belirlenmesi”, OKÜ Fen Bil. Ens. Dergisi ((OKU Journal of Nat. & App. Sci), c. 5, sy. 3, ss. 1172–1183, 2022.
ISNAD Kütük, Emre vd. “Tek Yıllık Çim (Lolium Multiflorum Lam.) Yem Bitkisinin Nispi Yem Değeri, Enerji Ve Besin İçeriğinin Belirlenmesi”. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 5/3 (Aralık 2022), 1172-1183.
JAMA Kütük E, Sezmiş G, Gürsoy E. Tek Yıllık Çim (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) Yem Bitkisinin Nispi Yem Değeri, Enerji ve Besin İçeriğinin Belirlenmesi. OKÜ Fen Bil. Ens. Dergisi ((OKU Journal of Nat. & App. Sci). 2022;5:1172–1183.
MLA Kütük, Emre vd. “Tek Yıllık Çim (Lolium Multiflorum Lam.) Yem Bitkisinin Nispi Yem Değeri, Enerji Ve Besin İçeriğinin Belirlenmesi”. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, c. 5, sy. 3, 2022, ss. 1172-83.
Vancouver Kütük E, Sezmiş G, Gürsoy E. Tek Yıllık Çim (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) Yem Bitkisinin Nispi Yem Değeri, Enerji ve Besin İçeriğinin Belirlenmesi. OKÜ Fen Bil. Ens. Dergisi ((OKU Journal of Nat. & App. Sci). 2022;5(3):1172-83.

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