Öz
Çokkültürlülük yıllardır tartışmalı bir
konu. Birçok bilim adamı çokkültürlülük üzerine fikir yürüttü, değişik kültürel
topluluklarca meydana gelen toplumları inceledi ve temelde iki farklı argüman öne sürdüler.. Bu
argümanlardan birisi, çok kültürlülük fikrinin, özellikle de liberal yönü takip
eden ülkeler için bir tehdit olduğunu iddia etmekte. Diğer argüman,
çokkültürlülüğün özellikle farklı kültürel topluluklara sahip ülkeler için
uyumun sağlanmasında önemli bir faktör olduğunu öne sürüyor. Bu çalışamda
kısaca çokkültürlülük fikrini tartışmayı amaçlıyoruz. Çokkültürlü barınmanın ne
olduğunu açıkladıktan sonra, baskın çokkültürlülük teorisyenlerinden ve
savunucularından Kymlicka'nın teorisinden yola çıkıyor ve bu teoriye karşı
çıkışları gündeme getiriyoruz. Bunu yaparken, çok kültürlülüğün sağlam
muhaliflerinden biri olan siyasi filozof Brian Barry'nin ana itirazcımız olarak
Kymlica’nın karşısında duracak. Bu çalışmada esas olarak bir yandan çokkültürlülük
hakkındaki eşitlikçi eleştirilere odaklanırken diğer yandan kültürel haklar
açısından bazı problemleri açığa çıkarmaya çalışık. Makaledeki durum ve
sorunlar batı ülkelerinden alındı yine de bahsi geçen bu durum ve sorunlar, çok
kültürlü çatışmaları ve çözüm yollarını anlama açısından yararlılar.
Dolayısıyla yukarıda sayılan motiflere ek olarak bu çalışmada güdülen asıl
amaç, milyonlarca sığınmacı nedeniyle çok kültürlülüğün zorluklarıyla
yüzleşmeye başlayan Türkiye için olası bakış açılarını vermektir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Çokkültürlülük çokkültürlü barınma kültürel haklar farklılaşmış haklar
Kaynakça
- Banting, K. and Kymlicka, W. (2013). Is there really a retreat from multiculturalism policies? new evidence from multiculturalism policy index. Comparative European Politics, 11(5), 577-598.
- Barry, B. (2001). Culture & equality. Polity Press.
- Barry, B. (1997). Liberalism and multiculturalism. Ethical Perspective, 4(2), 3-14.
- Casal, P. (2003). Is multiculturalism bad for animals?. The Journal of Political Philosophy, 11(1), 1-22.
- Havinga, T. (2010). Regulating halal and kosher foods: Different arrangements between state, industry and religious actors. Erasmus Law Review, 3(4), 241-255.
- Joppke, C. (2004). The retreat of multiculturalism in the liberal state: Theory and policy. The British Journal of Sociology, 55(2), 237-257.
- Juss, S. S. (2012). Kirpans, law, and religious symbols in schools. Journal of Church and State, 55(4), 758-795.
- Kalra, V. (2006). Locating the sikh pagh. Sikh Formations: Religion, Culture, Theory, 1(1), 75-92.
- Kelly, P. (2002). Multiculturalism reconsidered. Polity Press.
- Kukathas, C. (1992). Are there any cultural rights?. Political Theory, 20:1, pp. 105-139.
- Kymlicka, W. (2007). Multicultural odysseys: Navigating the new international politics of diversity. Oxford University Press.
- Levine, H. (2011). New Zealand’s ban on kosher slaughtering. Ethnology, 50(3), 209-222.
- Levrau, F. and Loobuyck, P. (2013). Is multiculturalism bad for social cohesion and redistribution?. The Political Quarterly, 84(1), 100-109.
- Malik, M. (2012). Minority legal orders in the UK: Minorities, pluralism and the law. The British Academy.
- Modood, T. (2013). Multiculturalism: A civic idea, 2nd edition. Polity Press.
- Nathan, G. (2010). Social freedom in a multicultural state: Towards a theory of intercultural justice. Palgrave Macmillan.
- Parekh, B. (2007). Equality in a multicultural society. Citizenship Studies, 2(3), 397-411.
- Philips, A. (2007). Multiculturalism without Culture. Princeton University Press.
- Singh, S. (2004). Caring for sikh patients wearing kirpan (traditional small sword): Cultural sensitivity and safety issues. Psychiatric Bulletin, 28, 93-95.
- Tawat, M. (2014). Danish and Swedish immigrants’ cultural policies between 1960 and 2006: toleration and the celebration of difference. International Journal of Cultural Policy, 20(2), 202-220.
- Tully, J. (2002). The Illiberal Liberal: Brian Barry’s polemical attack on multiculturalism, in Paul Kelly, eds., Multiculturalism Reconsidered. Polity Press, 102-113.
- Waldron, J. (1992). Minority cultures and the cosmopolitan alternative, University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, 25(3), 751-793.
- Waldron, J. (2002). One law for all: The logic of cultural accommodation. Washington and Lee Law Review, 56(1), 3-36.
- Walton-Roberts, M. (2013). Three reading of the turban: Sikh identity in greater vancouver. Urban Geography, 19(4), 311-331.
- Watson, C.W (2000). Multiculturalism. Open University Press.
- Zivotofsky, A. (2011). Government regulations on Shechita (Jewish Religious Slaughter) in the Twenty-First Century: Are they ethical?. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 25(5), 747-763.
Öz
Multiculturalism has been a
controversial issue for years. Numerous scholars have discussed on it, examined
societies with different cultural communities, and come up with two main
different arguments. One of such arguments alleges that the idea of multiculturalism
is a threat for countries, especially the countries that follow liberal aspect,
thus it is not desirable. The other argument alleges that multicultural
accommodation has merits to establish harmony especially for countries with
different communities, separated cultures so on. In this paper, we aim to
discuss briefly the idea of multiculturalism. After clarifying what
multicultural accommodation is, we invoke Kymlicka’s, one of the dominant
multiculturalism theorists and advocates, thoughts, and then we appeal the
arguments against them. While doing this, Brian Barry’s, a political
philosopher who was one of the solid opponents of multiculturalism, is our main
objector. We focus mainly on the egalitarian critics of multiculturalism on the
one hand; and try to reveal some problems for cultural rights on the other. The
cases, also the problems, in the paper is taken from western countries but they
all have merit to understand all multicultural conflicts and their remedies.
Therefore, what we hope is to give possible perspectives for Turkey that has
begun to face the difficulties of multiculturalism because of millions of
refuges.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Multiculturalism multicultural accommodation cultural rights differentiated rights
Kaynakça
- Banting, K. and Kymlicka, W. (2013). Is there really a retreat from multiculturalism policies? new evidence from multiculturalism policy index. Comparative European Politics, 11(5), 577-598.
- Barry, B. (2001). Culture & equality. Polity Press.
- Barry, B. (1997). Liberalism and multiculturalism. Ethical Perspective, 4(2), 3-14.
- Casal, P. (2003). Is multiculturalism bad for animals?. The Journal of Political Philosophy, 11(1), 1-22.
- Havinga, T. (2010). Regulating halal and kosher foods: Different arrangements between state, industry and religious actors. Erasmus Law Review, 3(4), 241-255.
- Joppke, C. (2004). The retreat of multiculturalism in the liberal state: Theory and policy. The British Journal of Sociology, 55(2), 237-257.
- Juss, S. S. (2012). Kirpans, law, and religious symbols in schools. Journal of Church and State, 55(4), 758-795.
- Kalra, V. (2006). Locating the sikh pagh. Sikh Formations: Religion, Culture, Theory, 1(1), 75-92.
- Kelly, P. (2002). Multiculturalism reconsidered. Polity Press.
- Kukathas, C. (1992). Are there any cultural rights?. Political Theory, 20:1, pp. 105-139.
- Kymlicka, W. (2007). Multicultural odysseys: Navigating the new international politics of diversity. Oxford University Press.
- Levine, H. (2011). New Zealand’s ban on kosher slaughtering. Ethnology, 50(3), 209-222.
- Levrau, F. and Loobuyck, P. (2013). Is multiculturalism bad for social cohesion and redistribution?. The Political Quarterly, 84(1), 100-109.
- Malik, M. (2012). Minority legal orders in the UK: Minorities, pluralism and the law. The British Academy.
- Modood, T. (2013). Multiculturalism: A civic idea, 2nd edition. Polity Press.
- Nathan, G. (2010). Social freedom in a multicultural state: Towards a theory of intercultural justice. Palgrave Macmillan.
- Parekh, B. (2007). Equality in a multicultural society. Citizenship Studies, 2(3), 397-411.
- Philips, A. (2007). Multiculturalism without Culture. Princeton University Press.
- Singh, S. (2004). Caring for sikh patients wearing kirpan (traditional small sword): Cultural sensitivity and safety issues. Psychiatric Bulletin, 28, 93-95.
- Tawat, M. (2014). Danish and Swedish immigrants’ cultural policies between 1960 and 2006: toleration and the celebration of difference. International Journal of Cultural Policy, 20(2), 202-220.
- Tully, J. (2002). The Illiberal Liberal: Brian Barry’s polemical attack on multiculturalism, in Paul Kelly, eds., Multiculturalism Reconsidered. Polity Press, 102-113.
- Waldron, J. (1992). Minority cultures and the cosmopolitan alternative, University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, 25(3), 751-793.
- Waldron, J. (2002). One law for all: The logic of cultural accommodation. Washington and Lee Law Review, 56(1), 3-36.
- Walton-Roberts, M. (2013). Three reading of the turban: Sikh identity in greater vancouver. Urban Geography, 19(4), 311-331.
- Watson, C.W (2000). Multiculturalism. Open University Press.
- Zivotofsky, A. (2011). Government regulations on Shechita (Jewish Religious Slaughter) in the Twenty-First Century: Are they ethical?. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 25(5), 747-763.
Ayrıntılar
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
|---|---|
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 29 Aralık 2017 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 7 Aralık 2017 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2017 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 13 |
