Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Göç Sonrası Mülteci Stres Ölçeğinin Psikometrik Özelliklerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Türkiye'deki Suriyeli Göçmenler Üzerine Bir Çalışma

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 20 Sayı: Human Behavior and Social Institutions, 1111 - 1123, 30.10.2023

Oktay Tatlıcıoğlu Hıdır Apak Emrah Apak Melih Sever

https://doi.org/10.26466/opusjsr.1341112

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Göç Sonrası Mülteci Stres Ölçeği'ni (RPMS) Türkiye'de yaşayan Suriyeli mültecilere uyarlamak ve RPMS ile ilişkili faktörleri belirlemektir. Bu kapsamda, çalışmanın ilk aşamasında Türkiye'nin Suriye ile sınır illerinden biri olan Mardin'de yaşayan 250 katılımcıya RPMS ile birlikte WHO-5 İyi Oluş Endeksi uygulanmıştır. İkinci aşamada ise 409 Suriyeliye araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan demografik bilgi formu ile birlikte RPMS ve Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. İlk aşamada uygulanan DFA sonuçlarına göre, ölçeğin uyarlanan versiyonunun psikometrik özelliklerinin tatmin edici olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışmanın ikinci aşaması için yapılan analiz sonuçlarına göre, katılımcıların sosyal destek algıları ile göç sonrası stres düzeyleri arasında olumsuz ilişki bulunmuştur. Ayrıca katılımcıların göç sonrası stres düzeylerinin medeni durum, eğitim durumu, sosyal destek, gelir ve istihdam durumu, dil yeterliliği, geleceğe yönelik umut ve etnik köken değişkenleri açısından anlamlı bir şekilde farklılaştığı tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmanın güncel önerileri ve sınırlılıkları tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Göç Sonrası Stres Suriyeli Göçmenler Ruh Sağlığı Iyi Olma Hali Sosyal Destek.

Kaynakça

  • Acarturk, C., Cetinkaya, M., Senay, I., Gulen, B., Aker, T., & Hinton, D. (2018). Prevalence and predictors of posttraumatic stress and depression symptoms among Syrian refugees in a refugee camp. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 206(1), 40–45. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0000000000000693
  • Akın, M. H., & Bozbaş, G. (2020). Suriye’den Türkiye’ye göçün sosyolojik sonuçlari: suriyeli göçmenler üzerine uygulamali bir saha araştirmasi. Liberal Düşünce Dergisi, 25(97), 47–65. https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.692459
  • Apak, H. (2022). Adaptation and future expectations of Syrian refugees living in Mardin: Comparison between 2014 and 2021. İçtimaiyat Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Göç ve Mültecilik Özel Sayısı, 252-268.
  • Aslan, F. (2021). What actually do Syrian migrant women’s health practices tell us? A qualitative interpretive synthesis from Turkey. International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care. 17(2), 119-129.
  • Bogic, M., Njoku, A., & Priebe, S. (2015). Long-term mental health of war-refugees: a systematic literature review. BMC International Health and Human Rights, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12914-015-0064-9
  • Brown, C., Schale, C. L., & Nilsson, J. E. (2010). Vietnamese immigrant and refugee women’s mental health: An examination of age of arrival, length of stay, income, and English language proficiency. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 38(2), 66–76. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1912.2010.tb00115.x
  • Creswell, J.W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (Fourth Edition). SAGE Publication, Inc.
  • Damen, R. E. C., Dagevos, J., & Huijnk, W. (2021). Refugee reception re-examined: a quantitative study on the impact of the reception period for mental health and host country language proficiency among Syrian refugees in the Netherlands. Journal of International Migration and Integration. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12134-021-00820-6
  • Dangmann, C., Solberg, Ø., & Andersen, P. N. (2021). Health-related quality of life in refugee youth and the mediating role of mental distress and post-migration stressors. Quality of Life Research, 30(8), 2287–2297. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-021-02811-7
  • Güneş Aslan, G., & Güngör, F. (2019). Suriyeli siğinmacilarin Türkiye’ye göç sonrasi yaşadiği sorunlar: İstanbul örneği. OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.558512
  • Guo, M., & Stensland, M. (2018). A systematic review of correlates of depression among older Chinese and Korean immigrants: what we know and do not know. Aging and Mental Health, 22(12), 1535–1547. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2017.1383971
  • James, P., Iyer, A., & Webb, T. L. (2019). The impact of post-migration stressors on refugees’ emotional distress and health: A longitudinal analysis. European Journal of Social Psychology, 49(7), 1359–1367. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2589
  • Kazarian, S. S. (2015). Validation of the Arabic translation of the Multidensional Scale of Social Support (Arabic MSPSS ) in a Lebanese community sample. January 2012.
  • Lai, D. W. L., Li, J., Lee, V. W. P., & Dong, X. Q. (2019). Environmental factors associated with chinese older immigrants’ social engagement. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 67, S571–S576. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.15899
  • Li, S. S. Y., Liddell, B. J., & Nickerson, A. (2016). The relationship between post-migration stress and psychological disorders in refugees and asylum seekers. Current Psychiatry Reports, 18(9), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-016-0723-0
  • Li, F., Luo, S., Mu, W., Li, Y., Ye, L., Zheng, X., Xu, B., Ding, Y., Ling, P., Zhou, M., & Chen, X. (2021). Effects of sources of social support and resilience on the mental health of different age groups during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC psychiatry, 21(1), 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-03012-1
  • Lies, J., Drummond, S. P. A., & Jobson, L. (2020). Longitudinal investigation of the relationships between trauma exposure, post-migration stress, sleep disturbance, and mental health in Syrian refugees. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2020.1825166
  • Lindert, J., Carta, M. G., Schäfer, I., & Mollica, R. F. (2016). Refugees mental health-A public mental health challenge. European journal of public health, 26(3), 374–375. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckw010
  • Mahmood, H. (2014). An analysis of acculturative stress, sociocultural adaptation, and satisfaction among international students [Western Kentucky University]. In Global Perspectives on International Student Experiences in Higher Education: Tensions and Issues. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315113456
  • Malm, A., Tinghög, P., Narusyte, J., & Saboonchi, F. (2020). The refugee post-migration stress scale (RPMS) - Development and validation among refugees from Syria recently resettled in Sweden. Conflict and Health, 14(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13031-019-0246-5
  • Miller, K. E., & Rasmussen, A. (2010). War exposure, daily stressors, and mental health in conflict and post-conflict settings: Bridging the divide between trauma-focused and psychosocial frameworks. Social Science and Medicine, 70(1), 7–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.09.029
  • Moxham, L. J., Fernandez, R., Kim, B., Lapkin, S., ten Ham-Baloyi, W., & Al Mutair, A. (2018). Employment as a predictor of mental health, psychological distress, anxiety and depression in Australian pre-registration nursing students. Journal of Professional Nursing, 34(6), 502–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profnurs.2018.03.005
  • Naing, L., Winn, T., & Rusli, B. N. (2006) Practical issues in calculating the sample size for prevalence studies. Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 1, 9-14.
  • Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory. McGraw-Hill Companies
  • Pascoe, E. A., & Richman, L. S. (2009). Perceived discrimination and health: a meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 135(4), 531–554. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016059
  • Paul, K. I. & Batinic, B. (2010). Predicting marital happiness and stability from newlywed interactions published by: National council on family relations predicting marital happiness and stability from newlywed interactions. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31, 45–64. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.622
  • Ryan, D., Tornberg-Belanger, S. N., Perez, G., Maurer, S., Price, C., Rao, D., Chan, K. C. G., & Ornelas, I. J. (2021). Stress, social support and their relationship to depression and anxiety among Latina immigrant women. Journal of psychosomatic research, 149, 110588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110588
  • Roberts, B., Ocaka, K. F., Browne, J., Oyok, T., & Sondorp, E. (2008). Factors associated with post-traumatic stress disorder and depression amongst internally displaced persons in northern Uganda. BMC Psychiatry, 8, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-8-38
  • Sangalang, C. C., Becerra, D., Mitchell, F. M., Lechuga-Peña, S., Lopez, K., & Kim, I. (2019). Trauma, post-migration stress, and mental health: a comparative analysis of refugees and immigrants in the United States. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 21(5), 909–919. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-018-0826-2
  • Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. MPR-Online, 8(2), 23–74.
  • Schiess-Jokanovic, J. Knefel, M., Kantor, V., Weindl, D., Schäfer, I. & Lueger-Schuster. B. (2021). Complex post-traumatic stress disorder and post-migration living difficulties in traumatised refugees and asylum seekers: the role of language acquisition and barriers, European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 12:1, 2001190, DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2021.2001190
  • Sengoelge, M., Solberg, Ø., Nissen, A., & Saboonchi, F. (2020). Exploring social and financial hardship, mental health problems and the role of social support in asylum seekers using structural equation modelling. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(19), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17196948
  • Sibai, A. M., Chaaya, M., Tohme, R. A., Mahfoud, Z., & Al-Amin, H. (2009). Validation of the Arabic version of the 5-item WHO well being index in elderly population. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 24(1), 106–107. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.2079
  • Silove, D., Sinnerbrink, I., Field, A., Manicavasagar, V., & Steel, Z. (1997). Anxiety, depression and PTSD in asylum-seekers: Assocations with pre-migration trauma and post-migration stressors. The British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science, 170(4), 351–357. https:// doi.org/10.1192/bjp.170.4.351
  • Simmons, W. P., Menjívar, C., and Valdez, E.S., (2020). The gendered effects of local immigration enforcement: Latinas’ social isolation in chicago, houston, los angeles, and phoenix. International Migration Review. 55(1), 108–134.
  • Solberg, Ø., Vaez, M., Johnson-Singh, C. M., & Saboonchi, F. (2020). Asylum-seekers’ psychosocial situation: A diathesis for post-migratory stress and mental health disorders? Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 130(December). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2019.109914
  • Şafak-Ayvazoğlu, A., Kunuroğlu, F. & Yağmur, K. (2021). Psychological and socio-cultural adaptation of Syrian refugees in Turkey. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2020.11.003
  • Tabachnick, B. G., Fiddell, L. S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics (sixth). Pearson.
  • Tinghög, P., Al-Saffar, S., Carstensen, J., & Nordenfelt, L. (2010). The association of immigrant- and non-immigrant-specific factors with mental ill health among immigrants in Sweden. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 56(1), 74–93. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764008096163
  • Tinghög, P., Malm, A., Arwidson, C., Sigvardsdotter, E., Lundin, A., & Saboonchi, F. (2017). Prevalence of mental ill health, traumas and postmigration stress among refugees from Syria resettled in Sweden after 2011: A population-based survey. BMJ Open, 7(12). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018899
  • Turrini, G., Purgato, M., Acarturk, C., Anttila, M., Au, T., Ballette, F., Bird, M., Carswell, K., Churchill, R., Cuijpers, P., Hall, J., Hansen, L. J., Kosters, M., Lantta, € T., Nose, M., Ostuzzi, G., Sijbrandij, M., Tedeschi, F., Valimaki, M., Barbui, C. (2019). Efficacy and acceptability of psychosocial interventions in asylum seekers and refugees: systematic review and meta-analysis. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 28(4), 376–388. https://doi.org/10.1017/s2045796019000027.
  • Turrini, G., Purgato, M., Ballette, F., Nosè, M., Ostuzzi, G., & Barbui, C. (2017). Common mental disorders in asylum seekers and refugees: Umbrella review of prevalence and intervention studies. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 11(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13033-017-0156-0
  • UNCHR. (2023a). Türkiye Fact Sheet, https://www.unhcr.org/tr/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2023/03/Bi-annual-fact-sheet-2023-02-Turkiye-.pdf.
  • UNHCR. (2023b). https://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/syria
  • van der Boor, C.F., Amos, R, Nevitt, S., Dowrick, C., & White, R.G. (2020). Systematic review of factors associated with quality of life of asylum seekers and refugees in high-income countries. Conflict Health. 14:48. 10.1186/s13031-020-00292-y
  • Vaughan, M., LaValley, M. P., Alheresh, R., & Keysor, J. J. (2016). Which features of the environment impact community participation of older adults? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Aging and Health, 28(6), 957–978. https://doi.org/10.1177/0898264315614008
  • Visser, E., Gosens, T., Den Oudsten, B. L., & De Vries, J. (2017). The course, prediction, and treatment of acute and posttraumatic stress in trauma patients: A systematic review. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 82(6), 1158–1183. https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0000000000001447
  • World Health Organization (WHO), (2001). The world health report 2001: mental health: new understanding, new hope. Geneva: World Health Organization.
  • Wu, S., Renzaho, A. M. N., Hall, B. J., Shi, L., Ling, L., & Chen, W. (2021). Time-varying associations of pre-migration and post-migration stressors in refugees' mental health during resettlement: a longitudinal study in Australia. The lancet. Psychiatry, 8(1), 36–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30422-3
  • Yildiz, K. (2005). The Kurds in Syria: the forgotten people (pp. 116-121). Pluto Press.
  • Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W., Zimet, S. G., & Farley, G. K. (1988). The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 52(1), 30-41.

Assessing the Psychometric Qualities of the Refugee Post-Migration Stress Scale: A Study of Syrian Immigrants in Turkey

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 20 Sayı: Human Behavior and Social Institutions, 1111 - 1123, 30.10.2023

Oktay Tatlıcıoğlu Hıdır Apak Emrah Apak Melih Sever

https://doi.org/10.26466/opusjsr.1341112

Öz

The aim of this study is to adapt the Refugee Post-Migration Stress Scale (RPMS) to Syrian immigrants living in Türkiye and to determine the factors associated with RPMS. In this context, the WHO-5 Well-Being Index was administered with RPMS to 250 participants living in Mardin, one of Turkey's border provinces with Syria, for the study's first phase. In the second stage, RPMS and Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale were administered to 409 Syrians together with the demographic information form prepared by the researchers. According to the CFA results applied in the first stage, the psychometric properties of the adapted version of the scale were found to be satisfactory. In the second study, it was found that social support was negatively related to the post-migration stress levels of the participants and PMS differed significantly in terms of marital status, educational status, social support, income and employment status, language proficiency, hope for the future, and ethnicity variables. Study implications and limitations are discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Post-migration stress Syrian migrants Mental health Well-being Social support

Kaynakça

  • Acarturk, C., Cetinkaya, M., Senay, I., Gulen, B., Aker, T., & Hinton, D. (2018). Prevalence and predictors of posttraumatic stress and depression symptoms among Syrian refugees in a refugee camp. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 206(1), 40–45. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0000000000000693
  • Akın, M. H., & Bozbaş, G. (2020). Suriye’den Türkiye’ye göçün sosyolojik sonuçlari: suriyeli göçmenler üzerine uygulamali bir saha araştirmasi. Liberal Düşünce Dergisi, 25(97), 47–65. https://doi.org/10.36484/liberal.692459
  • Apak, H. (2022). Adaptation and future expectations of Syrian refugees living in Mardin: Comparison between 2014 and 2021. İçtimaiyat Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Göç ve Mültecilik Özel Sayısı, 252-268.
  • Aslan, F. (2021). What actually do Syrian migrant women’s health practices tell us? A qualitative interpretive synthesis from Turkey. International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care. 17(2), 119-129.
  • Bogic, M., Njoku, A., & Priebe, S. (2015). Long-term mental health of war-refugees: a systematic literature review. BMC International Health and Human Rights, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12914-015-0064-9
  • Brown, C., Schale, C. L., & Nilsson, J. E. (2010). Vietnamese immigrant and refugee women’s mental health: An examination of age of arrival, length of stay, income, and English language proficiency. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 38(2), 66–76. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1912.2010.tb00115.x
  • Creswell, J.W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (Fourth Edition). SAGE Publication, Inc.
  • Damen, R. E. C., Dagevos, J., & Huijnk, W. (2021). Refugee reception re-examined: a quantitative study on the impact of the reception period for mental health and host country language proficiency among Syrian refugees in the Netherlands. Journal of International Migration and Integration. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12134-021-00820-6
  • Dangmann, C., Solberg, Ø., & Andersen, P. N. (2021). Health-related quality of life in refugee youth and the mediating role of mental distress and post-migration stressors. Quality of Life Research, 30(8), 2287–2297. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-021-02811-7
  • Güneş Aslan, G., & Güngör, F. (2019). Suriyeli siğinmacilarin Türkiye’ye göç sonrasi yaşadiği sorunlar: İstanbul örneği. OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.558512
  • Guo, M., & Stensland, M. (2018). A systematic review of correlates of depression among older Chinese and Korean immigrants: what we know and do not know. Aging and Mental Health, 22(12), 1535–1547. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2017.1383971
  • James, P., Iyer, A., & Webb, T. L. (2019). The impact of post-migration stressors on refugees’ emotional distress and health: A longitudinal analysis. European Journal of Social Psychology, 49(7), 1359–1367. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2589
  • Kazarian, S. S. (2015). Validation of the Arabic translation of the Multidensional Scale of Social Support (Arabic MSPSS ) in a Lebanese community sample. January 2012.
  • Lai, D. W. L., Li, J., Lee, V. W. P., & Dong, X. Q. (2019). Environmental factors associated with chinese older immigrants’ social engagement. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 67, S571–S576. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.15899
  • Li, S. S. Y., Liddell, B. J., & Nickerson, A. (2016). The relationship between post-migration stress and psychological disorders in refugees and asylum seekers. Current Psychiatry Reports, 18(9), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-016-0723-0
  • Li, F., Luo, S., Mu, W., Li, Y., Ye, L., Zheng, X., Xu, B., Ding, Y., Ling, P., Zhou, M., & Chen, X. (2021). Effects of sources of social support and resilience on the mental health of different age groups during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC psychiatry, 21(1), 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-03012-1
  • Lies, J., Drummond, S. P. A., & Jobson, L. (2020). Longitudinal investigation of the relationships between trauma exposure, post-migration stress, sleep disturbance, and mental health in Syrian refugees. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2020.1825166
  • Lindert, J., Carta, M. G., Schäfer, I., & Mollica, R. F. (2016). Refugees mental health-A public mental health challenge. European journal of public health, 26(3), 374–375. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckw010
  • Mahmood, H. (2014). An analysis of acculturative stress, sociocultural adaptation, and satisfaction among international students [Western Kentucky University]. In Global Perspectives on International Student Experiences in Higher Education: Tensions and Issues. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315113456
  • Malm, A., Tinghög, P., Narusyte, J., & Saboonchi, F. (2020). The refugee post-migration stress scale (RPMS) - Development and validation among refugees from Syria recently resettled in Sweden. Conflict and Health, 14(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13031-019-0246-5
  • Miller, K. E., & Rasmussen, A. (2010). War exposure, daily stressors, and mental health in conflict and post-conflict settings: Bridging the divide between trauma-focused and psychosocial frameworks. Social Science and Medicine, 70(1), 7–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.09.029
  • Moxham, L. J., Fernandez, R., Kim, B., Lapkin, S., ten Ham-Baloyi, W., & Al Mutair, A. (2018). Employment as a predictor of mental health, psychological distress, anxiety and depression in Australian pre-registration nursing students. Journal of Professional Nursing, 34(6), 502–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profnurs.2018.03.005
  • Naing, L., Winn, T., & Rusli, B. N. (2006) Practical issues in calculating the sample size for prevalence studies. Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 1, 9-14.
  • Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory. McGraw-Hill Companies
  • Pascoe, E. A., & Richman, L. S. (2009). Perceived discrimination and health: a meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 135(4), 531–554. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016059
  • Paul, K. I. & Batinic, B. (2010). Predicting marital happiness and stability from newlywed interactions published by: National council on family relations predicting marital happiness and stability from newlywed interactions. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31, 45–64. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.622
  • Ryan, D., Tornberg-Belanger, S. N., Perez, G., Maurer, S., Price, C., Rao, D., Chan, K. C. G., & Ornelas, I. J. (2021). Stress, social support and their relationship to depression and anxiety among Latina immigrant women. Journal of psychosomatic research, 149, 110588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110588
  • Roberts, B., Ocaka, K. F., Browne, J., Oyok, T., & Sondorp, E. (2008). Factors associated with post-traumatic stress disorder and depression amongst internally displaced persons in northern Uganda. BMC Psychiatry, 8, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-8-38
  • Sangalang, C. C., Becerra, D., Mitchell, F. M., Lechuga-Peña, S., Lopez, K., & Kim, I. (2019). Trauma, post-migration stress, and mental health: a comparative analysis of refugees and immigrants in the United States. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 21(5), 909–919. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-018-0826-2
  • Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. MPR-Online, 8(2), 23–74.
  • Schiess-Jokanovic, J. Knefel, M., Kantor, V., Weindl, D., Schäfer, I. & Lueger-Schuster. B. (2021). Complex post-traumatic stress disorder and post-migration living difficulties in traumatised refugees and asylum seekers: the role of language acquisition and barriers, European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 12:1, 2001190, DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2021.2001190
  • Sengoelge, M., Solberg, Ø., Nissen, A., & Saboonchi, F. (2020). Exploring social and financial hardship, mental health problems and the role of social support in asylum seekers using structural equation modelling. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(19), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17196948
  • Sibai, A. M., Chaaya, M., Tohme, R. A., Mahfoud, Z., & Al-Amin, H. (2009). Validation of the Arabic version of the 5-item WHO well being index in elderly population. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 24(1), 106–107. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.2079
  • Silove, D., Sinnerbrink, I., Field, A., Manicavasagar, V., & Steel, Z. (1997). Anxiety, depression and PTSD in asylum-seekers: Assocations with pre-migration trauma and post-migration stressors. The British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science, 170(4), 351–357. https:// doi.org/10.1192/bjp.170.4.351
  • Simmons, W. P., Menjívar, C., and Valdez, E.S., (2020). The gendered effects of local immigration enforcement: Latinas’ social isolation in chicago, houston, los angeles, and phoenix. International Migration Review. 55(1), 108–134.
  • Solberg, Ø., Vaez, M., Johnson-Singh, C. M., & Saboonchi, F. (2020). Asylum-seekers’ psychosocial situation: A diathesis for post-migratory stress and mental health disorders? Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 130(December). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2019.109914
  • Şafak-Ayvazoğlu, A., Kunuroğlu, F. & Yağmur, K. (2021). Psychological and socio-cultural adaptation of Syrian refugees in Turkey. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2020.11.003
  • Tabachnick, B. G., Fiddell, L. S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics (sixth). Pearson.
  • Tinghög, P., Al-Saffar, S., Carstensen, J., & Nordenfelt, L. (2010). The association of immigrant- and non-immigrant-specific factors with mental ill health among immigrants in Sweden. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 56(1), 74–93. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764008096163
  • Tinghög, P., Malm, A., Arwidson, C., Sigvardsdotter, E., Lundin, A., & Saboonchi, F. (2017). Prevalence of mental ill health, traumas and postmigration stress among refugees from Syria resettled in Sweden after 2011: A population-based survey. BMJ Open, 7(12). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018899
  • Turrini, G., Purgato, M., Acarturk, C., Anttila, M., Au, T., Ballette, F., Bird, M., Carswell, K., Churchill, R., Cuijpers, P., Hall, J., Hansen, L. J., Kosters, M., Lantta, € T., Nose, M., Ostuzzi, G., Sijbrandij, M., Tedeschi, F., Valimaki, M., Barbui, C. (2019). Efficacy and acceptability of psychosocial interventions in asylum seekers and refugees: systematic review and meta-analysis. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 28(4), 376–388. https://doi.org/10.1017/s2045796019000027.
  • Turrini, G., Purgato, M., Ballette, F., Nosè, M., Ostuzzi, G., & Barbui, C. (2017). Common mental disorders in asylum seekers and refugees: Umbrella review of prevalence and intervention studies. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 11(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13033-017-0156-0
  • UNCHR. (2023a). Türkiye Fact Sheet, https://www.unhcr.org/tr/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2023/03/Bi-annual-fact-sheet-2023-02-Turkiye-.pdf.
  • UNHCR. (2023b). https://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/syria
  • van der Boor, C.F., Amos, R, Nevitt, S., Dowrick, C., & White, R.G. (2020). Systematic review of factors associated with quality of life of asylum seekers and refugees in high-income countries. Conflict Health. 14:48. 10.1186/s13031-020-00292-y
  • Vaughan, M., LaValley, M. P., Alheresh, R., & Keysor, J. J. (2016). Which features of the environment impact community participation of older adults? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Aging and Health, 28(6), 957–978. https://doi.org/10.1177/0898264315614008
  • Visser, E., Gosens, T., Den Oudsten, B. L., & De Vries, J. (2017). The course, prediction, and treatment of acute and posttraumatic stress in trauma patients: A systematic review. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 82(6), 1158–1183. https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0000000000001447
  • World Health Organization (WHO), (2001). The world health report 2001: mental health: new understanding, new hope. Geneva: World Health Organization.
  • Wu, S., Renzaho, A. M. N., Hall, B. J., Shi, L., Ling, L., & Chen, W. (2021). Time-varying associations of pre-migration and post-migration stressors in refugees' mental health during resettlement: a longitudinal study in Australia. The lancet. Psychiatry, 8(1), 36–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30422-3
  • Yildiz, K. (2005). The Kurds in Syria: the forgotten people (pp. 116-121). Pluto Press.
  • Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W., Zimet, S. G., & Farley, G. K. (1988). The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 52(1), 30-41.
Toplam 51 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sosyal Hizmetler (Diğer)
Bölüm Research Articles
Yazarlar

Oktay Tatlıcıoğlu 0000-0002-1652-797X

Hıdır Apak 0000-0002-2330-3093

Emrah Apak

Melih Sever 0000-0001-5818-5114

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 26 Ekim 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Ekim 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 20 Sayı: Human Behavior and Social Institutions

Kaynak Göster

APA Tatlıcıoğlu, O., Apak, H., Apak, E., Sever, M. (2023). Assessing the Psychometric Qualities of the Refugee Post-Migration Stress Scale: A Study of Syrian Immigrants in Turkey. OPUS Journal of Society Research, 20(Human Behavior and Social Institutions), 1111-1123. https://doi.org/10.26466/opusjsr.1341112
 Kapak Resmi İndir