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PROTOCOLS FOR RESTARTING TOURISM IN COVID-19 CONDITIONS AND DEVELOPING PANDEMIC IMMUNITY

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 56, 79 - 99, 22.05.2023
https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1170073

Öz

The purpose of the study is to provide a better understanding of the protocols for restarting tourism considered as an international prior action plan, and to present an academic output supporting the development of pandemic immunity. In this direction, the global guidelines of United Nations World Tourism Organization dated 28 May 2020 and new-normal protocols of World Travel and Tourism Council dated 29 May 2020 were translated into Turkish and subjected to content analysis. The entire analysis process, from coding to Sankey diagram creation, conducted via ATLAS.ti – v.22.1.4.0, a computer-aided qualitative data analysis software. Among the results; the role in restarting tourism and the aspects of developing pandemic immunity of implementing hygiene-oriented innovative practices even if they will require changes in the organizational chart, prioritizing coordination, communication and cooperation not only in the steps taken by the government and businesses but also by the other interested parties, making the dynamism within the internal processes brought about by the turbulent conditions efficient and standardized via the adoption of protocols establishing a specific business manner and procedure are stand out.

Kaynakça

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COVID-19 KOŞULLARINDA TURİZMİ YENİDEN BAŞLATMA PROTOKOLLERİ VE PANDEMİ BAĞIŞIKLIĞININ GELİŞTİRİLMESİ

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 56, 79 - 99, 22.05.2023
https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1170073

Öz

Çalışmanın amacı; uluslararası nitelikteki turizmi yeniden başlatma protokollerinin detaylı bir şekilde incelenerek somutlaştırılmasıdır. Böylece benzer krizlerin şok etkisini kısaltan, eyleme geçme sürecini daha etkili ve hızlı kılan bir pandemi bağışıklığının geliştirilmesine katkı sağlanması hedeflenmektedir. Bu doğrultuda, Türkçeye çevrilmiş olan Birleşmiş Milletler Dünya Turizm Örgütü’nün 28 Mayıs 2020 tarihli küresel yönergesi ile Dünya Seyahat ve Turizm Konseyi’nin 29 Mayıs 2020 tarihli yeni-normal protokolleri içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Kodlama işleminden Sankey diyagramı oluşturmaya kadar tüm analiz süreci, bilgisayar destekli bir nitel veri analiz yazılımı olan ATLAS.ti – v.22.1.4.0 vasıtasıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuçlar arasından; örgüt şemasında değişimleri gerektirecek olsa dahi hijyen odaklı inovatif uygulamaların hayata geçirilmesinin, yalnızca hükümetin ve işletmelerin değil; diğer ilgili tarafların atacağı adımlarda da koordinasyonun, iletişimin ve iş birliğinin öncelikli olarak değerlendirilmesinin, çalkantılı koşulların işletme içi süreçlerde meydana getirdiği olumsuzlukların protokollerin benimsenmesi aracılığıyla standardize edilmesinin ve verimli kılınmasının, turizmin yeniden başlatılmasındaki rolü ve pandemi bağışıklığını geliştirici yönleri ön plana çıkmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Angmo, S. (2021). “Catastrophic Pandemics: Disruption in Tourism Mobility”, Virus Outbreaks and Tourism Mobility (Tourism Security-Safety and Post Conflict Destinations), (Ed: S. K. Kulshreshtha) (pp.15-30), Emerald Publishing Limited, Bingley. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80071-334-520211002
  • ATLAS.ti. (2022a). Visualizing the code-document table: Sankey diagram. (26.06.2022). https://doc.atlasti.com/ManualWin.v9/CodeDocumentTable/ CodeDocumentTableVisualization.html
  • ATLAS.ti. (2022b). Code co-occurrence coefficient. (26.06.2022). https://doc.atlasti.com/ManualWin.v9/CodeCooccurrence/CodeCoOccurrenceTableCcoefficient.html#:~:text=The%20c%2Dcoefficient%20indicates%20the,codes%20do%20not%20co%2Doccur
  • Babu, G. C., & Kumar, S. (2020). “A Study on Consumer Behavior Pattern Shift in the Period of Corona (COVID-19) Pandemic”, Aut Aut Research Journal, 11/7, 523-532.
  • Bakar, N. A., & Rosbi, S. (2020). “Effect of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) to Tourism Industry”, International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science, 7/4, 189-193. 10.22161/ijaers.74.23
  • Baldwin, R., & Weder di Mauro, B. (2020). “Introduction”, Economics in the Time of COVID-19, (Ed: R. Baldwin and B. Weder di Mauro) (pp. 1-30), Centre for Economic Policy Research/CEPR Press, London.
  • Baloch, Q. B., Maher, S., Shah, S. N., Sheeraz, M., Iqbal, N., & Raza, H. (2022). “Revitalization of Tourism and Hospitality Sector: Preempting Pandemics through Lessons Learned”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21392-7
  • Carroll, J. (2022). “Normal No More: The Future of Tourism Planning Post-Pandemic”, Pandemics, Disasters, Sustainability, Tourism, (Ed: I. Bethell-Bennett, S. A. Rolle, J. Minnis and F. Okumus) (pp. 211-219), Emerald Publishing Limited, Bingley. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80382-105-420221014
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  • Farzanegan, M. R., Gholipour, H. F., Feizi, M., Nunkoo, R., & Andargoli, A. E. (2020). “International Tourism and Outbreak of Coronavirus (COVID-19): A Cross-Country Analysis”, Journal of Travel Research [Letters to the Editor], 60/3, 687-692. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287520931593
  • Froyd, J. N. (2020). Cross-Border travel will never be the same. Tourism Review News: Respected Voice of Tourism. (20.04.2020). https://www.tourism-review.com/cross-border-travel-will-be-changed-much-news11492,
  • Gavinolla, M. R., Livina, A., Swain, S. K., & Bukovska, G. (2021). “Five Decades of Research on Disease Outbreaks, Pandemics and Tourism: A Bibliometric Analysis”, Kulshreshtha, S. K. (Ed.) Virus Outbreaks and Tourism Mobility (Tourism Security-Safety and Post Conflict Destinations), Emerald Publishing Limited, Bingley, pp. 43-57. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80071-334-520211005
  • Ghosh, S. (2022). “Modelling Inbound International Tourism Demand in Australia: Lessons from the Pandemics”, International Journal of Tourism Research, 24/1, 71-81. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2483
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  • Richter, L. K. (2003). International tourism and its global public health consequences. Journal of Travel Research, 41(4), 339-436. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287503041004002
  • Rokou, T. (2020). Tips to help hotel operations survive and prepare for recovery. Travel Daily News. (10.04.2020). https://www.traveldailynews.com/post/tips-to-help-hotel-operations-survive-and-prepare-for-recovery
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  • T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı. (2020c, Nisan 4). Bakanımız Mehmet Nuri Ersoy TRT Haber canlı yayında gündeme ilişkin açıklamalarda bulundu [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BknzzpXmujs
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  • TCMB. (2020). Elektronik veri dağılım sistemi/EVDS: Finansal kesin dışındaki firmaların döviz varlık ve yükümlülükleri (milyon ABD doları). (02.09.2020). https://evds2.tcmb.gov.tr/index. php?/evds/serieMarket/collapse_12/5931/DataGroup/turkish/bie_fdvy/
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  • Turizm Günlüğü. (2020b). Yunanistan turizm koridoru için harekete geçti. Turizm Günlüğü: Turizm ve Seyahat Gazetesi. (14.05.2020). https://www.turizmgunlugu.com/2020/05/14/yunanistan-turizm-koridoru-icin-harekete-gecti/
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  • UNWTO. (2020a). COVID-19 response: 96% of global destinations impose travel restrictions UNWTO reports. News Release, Madrid: 15 April 2020.
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  • UNWTO. (2020d). International tourist numbers could fall 60-80% in 2020 UNWTO reports. News Release, Madrid: 07 May 2020.
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  • UNWTO. (2020g). Restrictions on tourism travel starting to ease but caution remains, UNWTO reports. News Release, Madrid: 31 May 2020.
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  • Uzuner, G., & Ghosh, S. (2021). “Do Pandemics Have an Asymmetric Effect on Tourism in Italy?”, Quality & Quantity, 55, 1561-1579. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-020-01074-7
  • Wang, W., Tang, J., & Wei, F. (2020). “Updated Understanding of the Outbreak of 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan, China”, Journal of Medical Virology, 92, 441-447. 10.1002/jmv.25689
  • WTTC. (2020a). WTTC now estimates over 100 million jobs losses in the travel & tourism sector and alerts G20 countries to the scale of the crisis. News Article, 24 April 2020.
  • WTTC. (2020b). Economic impact 2020: Top 20 economies – largest contribution of travel & tourism GDP. March 2020.
  • WTTC. (2020c). Coronavirus puts up to 50 million travel and tourism jobs at risk says WTTC. Press Releases, London: 13 March 2020.
  • WTTC. (2020d). WTTC vision & recommendations for travel & tourism recovery post COVID-19. (30.04.2020). https://wttc.org/en-us/COVID-19/Recovery-Post-COVID-19
  • WTTC. (2020e). WTTC gives global destinations stamp of approval for safety protocols. Press Releases, London: 8 June 2020.
  • Wu, Y-C., Chen, C-S., & Chan, Y-J. (2020). “The Outbreak of COVID-19: An Overview”, The Chinese Medical Association, 83, 217-220. 10.1097/JCMA.0000000000000270
  • Wut, T. M., Xu, J. (B.), & Wong, S. (2021). Crisis management research (1985-2020) in the hospitality and tourism insdustry: A review and research agenda. Tourism Management, 85, 104307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2021.104307
  • Yang, Y., Zhang, H., & Chen, X. (2020). “Coronavirus Pandemic and Tourism: Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Modelling of Infectious Disease Outbreak”, Annals of Tourism Researh, 83 (102913), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.102913
  • Yeh, S. S. (2021). “Tourism Recovery Strategy Against COVID-19 Pandemic”, Tourism Recreation Research, 46/2, 188-194. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 02508281.2020.1805933
Toplam 76 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Turizm (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Çağrı Erdoğan 0000-0001-9308-0182

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 10 Mayıs 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 22 Mayıs 2023
Kabul Tarihi 18 Ocak 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Sayı: 56

Kaynak Göster

APA Erdoğan, Ç. (2023). COVID-19 KOŞULLARINDA TURİZMİ YENİDEN BAŞLATMA PROTOKOLLERİ VE PANDEMİ BAĞIŞIKLIĞININ GELİŞTİRİLMESİ. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(56), 79-99. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1170073
AMA Erdoğan Ç. COVID-19 KOŞULLARINDA TURİZMİ YENİDEN BAŞLATMA PROTOKOLLERİ VE PANDEMİ BAĞIŞIKLIĞININ GELİŞTİRİLMESİ. PAUSBED. Mayıs 2023;(56):79-99. doi:10.30794/pausbed.1170073
Chicago Erdoğan, Çağrı. “COVID-19 KOŞULLARINDA TURİZMİ YENİDEN BAŞLATMA PROTOKOLLERİ VE PANDEMİ BAĞIŞIKLIĞININ GELİŞTİRİLMESİ”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, sy. 56 (Mayıs 2023): 79-99. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1170073.
EndNote Erdoğan Ç (01 Mayıs 2023) COVID-19 KOŞULLARINDA TURİZMİ YENİDEN BAŞLATMA PROTOKOLLERİ VE PANDEMİ BAĞIŞIKLIĞININ GELİŞTİRİLMESİ. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 56 79–99.
IEEE Ç. Erdoğan, “COVID-19 KOŞULLARINDA TURİZMİ YENİDEN BAŞLATMA PROTOKOLLERİ VE PANDEMİ BAĞIŞIKLIĞININ GELİŞTİRİLMESİ”, PAUSBED, sy. 56, ss. 79–99, Mayıs 2023, doi: 10.30794/pausbed.1170073.
ISNAD Erdoğan, Çağrı. “COVID-19 KOŞULLARINDA TURİZMİ YENİDEN BAŞLATMA PROTOKOLLERİ VE PANDEMİ BAĞIŞIKLIĞININ GELİŞTİRİLMESİ”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 56 (Mayıs 2023), 79-99. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1170073.
JAMA Erdoğan Ç. COVID-19 KOŞULLARINDA TURİZMİ YENİDEN BAŞLATMA PROTOKOLLERİ VE PANDEMİ BAĞIŞIKLIĞININ GELİŞTİRİLMESİ. PAUSBED. 2023;:79–99.
MLA Erdoğan, Çağrı. “COVID-19 KOŞULLARINDA TURİZMİ YENİDEN BAŞLATMA PROTOKOLLERİ VE PANDEMİ BAĞIŞIKLIĞININ GELİŞTİRİLMESİ”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, sy. 56, 2023, ss. 79-99, doi:10.30794/pausbed.1170073.
Vancouver Erdoğan Ç. COVID-19 KOŞULLARINDA TURİZMİ YENİDEN BAŞLATMA PROTOKOLLERİ VE PANDEMİ BAĞIŞIKLIĞININ GELİŞTİRİLMESİ. PAUSBED. 2023(56):79-9.