Kaleci Performanslarının Gri İlişkisel Analiz Yöntemiyle Değerlendirilmesi: Afrika Uluslar Kupası 2023 Örneği
Öz
Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı, kalecilerin teknik performanslarının gri ilişkisel analiz yöntemiyle değerlendirilmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmanın örneklemini Afrika Uluslar Kupası 2023’te mücadele eden 21 kaleci oluşturmuştur. Veriler Afrika Futbol Konfederasyonu’nun resmî web sitesinden ve Transfermarkt üzerinden elde edilmiştir. Teknik performans göstergeleri “kurtarış yüzdesi”, “karşılanan orta sayısı” ve “başarılı pas yüzdesi” olarak belirlenmiştir. Veriler nicel araştırma yöntemleri arasından gri ilişkisel analiz yöntemiyle değerlendirilmiştir. Bu bağlamda, gri ilişkisel analiz yönteminin altı adımı sırasıyla uygulanmıştır. Bunlar; “veri setinin hazırlanması ve karar matrisinin oluşturulması”, “verilerin normalize edilmesi”, “referans serisinin oluşturulması”, “mutlak değer tablosunun oluşturulması”, “gri ilişkisel katsayı matrisinin oluşturulması”, “gri ilişkisel derecelerin hesaplanması ve sıralanması”dır. Bulgular: Analiz sonuçlarına göre en yüksek teknik performans değeri 0,7654 iken en düşük performans değeri 0.3949 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Böylece ilk 3 kaleci Ronwen Williams (Güney Afrika), Edouard Mendy (Senegal) ve Babacar Niass (Moritanya) olarak belirlenmiştir. Son 3 kaleci Richard Ofori (Gana), Ibrahim Koné (Gine) ve Baboucarr Gaye (Gambiya) olarak tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç: Araştırma sonucuna göre Afrika Uluslar Kupası’nda Altın Eldiven Ödülü’nü kazanan ve turnuvanın takımına seçilen Ronwen Williams (Güney Afrika) en yüksek performansa sahip kaleci olarak belirlenmiştir. Güney Afrika milli takımı piyasa değeri açısından 24 takım arasında 19. sırada yer almasına rağmen turnuvayı 3. sırada tamamlamıştır. Kalan kaleciler için de benzer sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Bu sonucun araştırmacılar, kaleciler, antrenörler, gözlemciler ve antrenörler gibi paydaşlara önemli katkılar sağlaması beklenmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaleci Performansı Gri İlişkisel Analiz Afrika Uluslar Kupası Performans Değerlendirme
Kaynakça
- Alp, İ. (2006). Performance evaluation of goalkeepers of the World Cup. Gazi University Journal of Science, 19 (2), 119-125.
- Aydoğan, E. (2022). The financial performance of football clubs during Covid-19: case of Turkey. Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, 95, 135-152.
- Bin, H., Hong-ling, G., An-qing, L., Su, L., Wen-qiang, D., Hua-feng, G., & Tao, Q. (2011). Grey relational analysis on technical index of Chinese men's football team. In 2011 International Conference on Consumer Electronics, Communications and Networks (CECNet), Xianning, China, 16-18 April 2011, 4116-4119.
- Chen, C. C., Yang, T. C., Chiu, W. S., Wang, J. C., Chow, T. H., & Chen, M. Y. (2022). The research of key indicators of performance to predict to advance the knock out stage in the international football tournament. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2022, 3396238.
- Deng, J. L. (1982). Control problems of Grey Systems. Systems & Control Letters, 1 (5), 288-294.
- Deng, J. L. (1989). Introduction to grey system theory. The Journal of Grey System, 1 (1), 1-24.
- Ecemiş, O., Akçan, F., & Abakay, U. (2021). Analysis of the performance of football teams via the entropy-gray relational analysis method: Turkish super league model. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 19 (3), 51-59.
- Ecer, F., & Böyükaslan, A. (2014). Measuring performances of football clubs using financial ratios: The gray relational analysis approach. American Journal of Economics, 4 (1), 62-71
- Gavião, L. O., Gavião, E. V., Sant’Anna, A. P., Lima, G. B. A., & Garcia, P. A. D. A. (2021). Performance analysis of professional soccer goalkeepers by Composition of Probabilistic Preferences. Revista Brasileira de Ciências do Esporte, 43: e011420.
- Gürbüz, S., & Şahin, F. (2018). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri (5. Baskı). Seçkin Yayıncılık: Ankara
- Karaatlı, M., & Dağ, O. (2018). Türk Milli Erkek Futbol Takımı’na çok kriterli karar verme yöntemleri ile futbolcu seçimi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 23 (4), 1433-1454.
- Kevser, M., & Doğan, M. (2022). Comparative Analysis of The Financial Performance of 5 Major Football Clubs in Uefa Ranking. Muhasebe Bilim Dünyası Dergisi, 24 (2), 436-460.
- Lago-Peñas, C., Lago-Ballesteros, J., & Rey, E. (2011). Differences in performance indicators between winning and losing teams in the UEFA Champions League. Journal of Human Kinetics, 27 (1), 135-146.
- Lago-Peñas, C., Lago-Ballesteros, J., Dellal, A., & Gómez, M. (2010). Game-related statistics that discriminated winning, drawing and losing teams from the Spanish soccer league. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 9 (2), 288-293.
- Liu, H., Gómez, M. A., & Lago-Peñas, C. (2015). Match performance profiles of goalkeepers of elite football teams. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 10 (4), 669-682.
- Mikikis, D., Michailidis, Y., Mandroukas, A., Mavrommatis, G., & Metaxas, T. (2021). Goalkeeper performance: analysis of goalkeepers’ contribution to their team’s build-up under the opponent’s pressure in the 2018 World Cup. Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine, 34 (2), 77-86.
- Oral, C. (2016). Financial performance evaluation of sport clubs traded in borsa istanbul by using grey relational analysis. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 8 (5), 293-299.
- Özdemir, O., & Kılıçarslan, Ş. (2021). Entropi temelli gri ilişkisel analiz tekniği ile hayat ve emeklilik şirketlerinin finansal performansları üzerine bir araştırma. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 26 (4), 413-434.
- Perez-Arroniz, M., Calleja-González, J., Zabala-Lili, J., & Zubillaga, A. (2023). The soccer goalkeeper profile: bibliographic review. The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 51 (3), 193-202.
- Pradhan, S., BOYUKASLAN, A., & Fatih, E. (2017). Applying grey relational analysis to italian football clubs: a measurement of the financial performance of serie a teams. International Review of Economics and Management, 4 (4), 1-19.
- Rehman, E., & Rehman, S. (2022). Modeling the nexus between carbon emissions, urbanization, population growth, energy consumption, and economic development in Asia: Evidence from grey relational analysis. Energy Reports, 8, 5430-5442.
- Sainz de Baranda, P., Adán, L., García-Angulo, A., Gómez-López, M., Nikolic, B., & Ortega-Toro, E. (2019). Differences in the offensive and defensive actions of the goalkeepers at women’s FIFA World Cup 2011. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 223.
- Sakinc, İ. (2014). Using grey relational analysis to determine the financial performance of Turkish football clubs. Journal of Economics Library, 1 (1), 22-33.
- Santos, J., Sousa, P. M., Pinheiro, V., & Santos, F. J. (2022). Analysis of offensive and defensive actions of young soccer goalkeepers. Human Movement, 23 (1), 18-27.
- Seaton, M., & Campos, J. (2011). Distribution competence of a football clubs goalkeepers. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 11 (2), 314-324.
- Serrano, C., Paredes-Hernández, V., Sánchez-Sánchez, J., Gallardo-Pérez, J., Da Silva, R., Porcel, D., ... & Gallardo, L. (2019). The team’s influence on physical and technical demands of elite goalkeepers in LaLiga: a longitudinal study in professional soccer. Research in Sports Medicine, 27 (4), 424-438.
- Shafizadeh, M., Davids, K., Correia, V., Wheat, J., & Hizan, H. (2016). Informational constraints on interceptive actions of elite football goalkeepers in 1v1 dyads during competitive performance. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34 (17), 1596-1601.
- Tienza-Valverde, A., Hernández-Beltrán, V., Espada, M. C., Bravo-Sánchez, A., Santos, F. J., & Gamonales, J. M. (2023). Analysis of individual performance indicators of football goalkeeper. Apunts Sports Medicine, 58 (219), 100420.
- Tutak, M., & Brodny, J. (2023). Progress towards the innovation potential of the European union member states using grey relational analysis and multidimensional scaling methods. Decision Making: Applications in Management and Engineering, 6 (1), 186-218.
- URL-1: www.transfermarkt.com/statistik/saisontransfers Date Accessed: 14.02.2023
- URL-2. www.cafonline.com/caf-africa-cup-of-nations/news/caf-tsg-group-releases-totalenergies-caf-africa- cup-of-nation-cote-d-ivoire-2023-best-xi/ Date Accessed: 13.02.2023
- URL-3. www.tff.org/default.aspx?pageID=319 Date Accessed: 15.02.2023
- URL-4. www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/watch/7v894Y9ZuDTyugWglbJsbi Date Accessed: 15.02.2023
- URL-5. www.fourfourtwo.com/features/ranked-10-best-players-world-cup-202 Date Accessed: 15.02.2023
- West, J. (2018). A review of the key demands for a football goalkeeper. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 13 (6), 1215-1222.
- White, A., Hills, S. P., Cooke, C. B., Batten, T., Kilduff, L. P., Cook, C. J., ... & Russell, M. (2018). Match-play and performance test responses of soccer goalkeepers: A review of current literature. Sports Medicine, 48, 2497-2516.
- Zhang, D. (1986). Grey relational analysis of the shape function and the level of body quality for youngsters and children. Sport Science in Guizhou Province, 2, 1-5.
- Ziv, G., & Lidor, R. (2011). Physical characteristics, physiological attributes, and on-field performances of soccer goalkeepers. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 6 (4), 509-524.
Evaluation of Goalkeepers’ Performance via Grey Relational Analysis Method: Example of Africa Cup of Nations
Öz
Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate the technical performance of goalkeepers via the gray relational analysis method. Materials and Method: The sample of the study consisted of 21 goalkeepers competing in the African Cup of Nations 2023. Data was obtained from the official website of the Confederation of African Football and Transfermarkt. Technical performance indicators were determined as “save percentage”, “claimed crosses” and “passing accuracy”. The data were evaluated by the grey relational analysis method among the quantitative research methods. In this context, six steps of the grey relational analysis method were applied respectively. These are "preparation of the data set and generation of the decision matrix", "normalization of the data", "generation of the reference series", "generation of the absolute value table", "generation of the grey relational coefficient matrix", "calculation and ranking of the grey relational degrees". Results: According to the analysis results, the highest technical performance value was calculated as 0.7654, while the lowest technical performance value was calculated as 0.3949. Thus, the top 3 goalkeepers were determined as Ronwen Williams (South Africa), Edouard Mendy (Senegal), and Babacar Niass (Mauritania). The last 3 goalkeepers were determined as Richard Ofori (Ghana), Ibrahim Koné (Guinea), and Baboucarr Gaye (Gambia). Conclusion: According to the results of the research, Ronwen Williams (South Africa), who won the Golden Glove Award and was selected for the team of the tournament at the Africa Cup of Nations, was determined as the goalkeeper with the highest performance. His national team South Africa completed the tournament in 3rd place, despite being ranked 19th among 24 teams in terms of market value. Similar conclusions were obtained for the remained goalkeepers. It is expected that this conclusion will provide significant contributions for stakeholders such as researchers, goalkeepers, coaches, scouts, and trainers.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Goalkeeper Performance Grey Relational Analysis Africa Cup of Nations Performance Evaluation
Kaynakça
- Alp, İ. (2006). Performance evaluation of goalkeepers of the World Cup. Gazi University Journal of Science, 19 (2), 119-125.
- Aydoğan, E. (2022). The financial performance of football clubs during Covid-19: case of Turkey. Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, 95, 135-152.
- Bin, H., Hong-ling, G., An-qing, L., Su, L., Wen-qiang, D., Hua-feng, G., & Tao, Q. (2011). Grey relational analysis on technical index of Chinese men's football team. In 2011 International Conference on Consumer Electronics, Communications and Networks (CECNet), Xianning, China, 16-18 April 2011, 4116-4119.
- Chen, C. C., Yang, T. C., Chiu, W. S., Wang, J. C., Chow, T. H., & Chen, M. Y. (2022). The research of key indicators of performance to predict to advance the knock out stage in the international football tournament. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2022, 3396238.
- Deng, J. L. (1982). Control problems of Grey Systems. Systems & Control Letters, 1 (5), 288-294.
- Deng, J. L. (1989). Introduction to grey system theory. The Journal of Grey System, 1 (1), 1-24.
- Ecemiş, O., Akçan, F., & Abakay, U. (2021). Analysis of the performance of football teams via the entropy-gray relational analysis method: Turkish super league model. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 19 (3), 51-59.
- Ecer, F., & Böyükaslan, A. (2014). Measuring performances of football clubs using financial ratios: The gray relational analysis approach. American Journal of Economics, 4 (1), 62-71
- Gavião, L. O., Gavião, E. V., Sant’Anna, A. P., Lima, G. B. A., & Garcia, P. A. D. A. (2021). Performance analysis of professional soccer goalkeepers by Composition of Probabilistic Preferences. Revista Brasileira de Ciências do Esporte, 43: e011420.
- Gürbüz, S., & Şahin, F. (2018). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri (5. Baskı). Seçkin Yayıncılık: Ankara
- Karaatlı, M., & Dağ, O. (2018). Türk Milli Erkek Futbol Takımı’na çok kriterli karar verme yöntemleri ile futbolcu seçimi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 23 (4), 1433-1454.
- Kevser, M., & Doğan, M. (2022). Comparative Analysis of The Financial Performance of 5 Major Football Clubs in Uefa Ranking. Muhasebe Bilim Dünyası Dergisi, 24 (2), 436-460.
- Lago-Peñas, C., Lago-Ballesteros, J., & Rey, E. (2011). Differences in performance indicators between winning and losing teams in the UEFA Champions League. Journal of Human Kinetics, 27 (1), 135-146.
- Lago-Peñas, C., Lago-Ballesteros, J., Dellal, A., & Gómez, M. (2010). Game-related statistics that discriminated winning, drawing and losing teams from the Spanish soccer league. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 9 (2), 288-293.
- Liu, H., Gómez, M. A., & Lago-Peñas, C. (2015). Match performance profiles of goalkeepers of elite football teams. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 10 (4), 669-682.
- Mikikis, D., Michailidis, Y., Mandroukas, A., Mavrommatis, G., & Metaxas, T. (2021). Goalkeeper performance: analysis of goalkeepers’ contribution to their team’s build-up under the opponent’s pressure in the 2018 World Cup. Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine, 34 (2), 77-86.
- Oral, C. (2016). Financial performance evaluation of sport clubs traded in borsa istanbul by using grey relational analysis. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 8 (5), 293-299.
- Özdemir, O., & Kılıçarslan, Ş. (2021). Entropi temelli gri ilişkisel analiz tekniği ile hayat ve emeklilik şirketlerinin finansal performansları üzerine bir araştırma. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 26 (4), 413-434.
- Perez-Arroniz, M., Calleja-González, J., Zabala-Lili, J., & Zubillaga, A. (2023). The soccer goalkeeper profile: bibliographic review. The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 51 (3), 193-202.
- Pradhan, S., BOYUKASLAN, A., & Fatih, E. (2017). Applying grey relational analysis to italian football clubs: a measurement of the financial performance of serie a teams. International Review of Economics and Management, 4 (4), 1-19.
- Rehman, E., & Rehman, S. (2022). Modeling the nexus between carbon emissions, urbanization, population growth, energy consumption, and economic development in Asia: Evidence from grey relational analysis. Energy Reports, 8, 5430-5442.
- Sainz de Baranda, P., Adán, L., García-Angulo, A., Gómez-López, M., Nikolic, B., & Ortega-Toro, E. (2019). Differences in the offensive and defensive actions of the goalkeepers at women’s FIFA World Cup 2011. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 223.
- Sakinc, İ. (2014). Using grey relational analysis to determine the financial performance of Turkish football clubs. Journal of Economics Library, 1 (1), 22-33.
- Santos, J., Sousa, P. M., Pinheiro, V., & Santos, F. J. (2022). Analysis of offensive and defensive actions of young soccer goalkeepers. Human Movement, 23 (1), 18-27.
- Seaton, M., & Campos, J. (2011). Distribution competence of a football clubs goalkeepers. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 11 (2), 314-324.
- Serrano, C., Paredes-Hernández, V., Sánchez-Sánchez, J., Gallardo-Pérez, J., Da Silva, R., Porcel, D., ... & Gallardo, L. (2019). The team’s influence on physical and technical demands of elite goalkeepers in LaLiga: a longitudinal study in professional soccer. Research in Sports Medicine, 27 (4), 424-438.
- Shafizadeh, M., Davids, K., Correia, V., Wheat, J., & Hizan, H. (2016). Informational constraints on interceptive actions of elite football goalkeepers in 1v1 dyads during competitive performance. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34 (17), 1596-1601.
- Tienza-Valverde, A., Hernández-Beltrán, V., Espada, M. C., Bravo-Sánchez, A., Santos, F. J., & Gamonales, J. M. (2023). Analysis of individual performance indicators of football goalkeeper. Apunts Sports Medicine, 58 (219), 100420.
- Tutak, M., & Brodny, J. (2023). Progress towards the innovation potential of the European union member states using grey relational analysis and multidimensional scaling methods. Decision Making: Applications in Management and Engineering, 6 (1), 186-218.
- URL-1: www.transfermarkt.com/statistik/saisontransfers Date Accessed: 14.02.2023
- URL-2. www.cafonline.com/caf-africa-cup-of-nations/news/caf-tsg-group-releases-totalenergies-caf-africa- cup-of-nation-cote-d-ivoire-2023-best-xi/ Date Accessed: 13.02.2023
- URL-3. www.tff.org/default.aspx?pageID=319 Date Accessed: 15.02.2023
- URL-4. www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/watch/7v894Y9ZuDTyugWglbJsbi Date Accessed: 15.02.2023
- URL-5. www.fourfourtwo.com/features/ranked-10-best-players-world-cup-202 Date Accessed: 15.02.2023
- West, J. (2018). A review of the key demands for a football goalkeeper. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 13 (6), 1215-1222.
- White, A., Hills, S. P., Cooke, C. B., Batten, T., Kilduff, L. P., Cook, C. J., ... & Russell, M. (2018). Match-play and performance test responses of soccer goalkeepers: A review of current literature. Sports Medicine, 48, 2497-2516.
- Zhang, D. (1986). Grey relational analysis of the shape function and the level of body quality for youngsters and children. Sport Science in Guizhou Province, 2, 1-5.
- Ziv, G., & Lidor, R. (2011). Physical characteristics, physiological attributes, and on-field performances of soccer goalkeepers. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 6 (4), 509-524.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Spor Faaliyetleri Yönetimi, Egzersiz ve Spor Bilimleri (Diğer) |
| Bölüm | Makale |
| Yazarlar | |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 9 Nisan 2024 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Nisan 2024 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 16 Şubat 2024 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 5 Nisan 2024 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2024 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1 |
Journal of Sports Education © 2017 by Ibrahim Erdemir is licensed under CC BY 4.0