Araştırma Makalesi
AFET MÜDAHALE YÖNETİMİ VE MÜDAHALENİN YASALLIĞI ÜZERİNE KAVRAMSAL BİR YAKLAŞIM: TÜRKİYE'DE 6 ŞUBAT KAHRAMANMARAŞ DEPREMLERİ ÖRNEĞİ VE OLAĞANÜSTÜ HAL KAPSAMINDAKİ CUMHURBAŞKANLIĞI KARARNAMELERİ
Öz
Bu makale, 6 Şubat'ta Kahramanmaraş'ta meydana gelen depremlerin ardından ilan edilen olağanüstü hal (OHAL) döneminde çıkarılan Cumhurbaşkanlığı Kararnameleri (CBK) bağlamında afet müdahalesinin yasal ve demokratik çerçevesini eleştirel bir şekilde analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu araştırma, içerik analizi tekniği kullanarak on ilde OHAL sırasında çıkarılan CBK'ları analiz etmiştir. Yayımlanan CBK'lar operasyonel, organizasyonel ve psikolojik müdahale olmak üzere üç gruba ayrılarak analiz edilmiş ve böylece afet müdahale yönetimine ilişkin kavramsal bir yaklaşım ortaya konmuştur.Afete müdahale sırasında aktif olarak yasal yollara başvurmanın, müdahalelerin etkinliğini arttırdığı ve süreçler için geçerli, demokratik ve yasal bir temel oluşturduğu, dolayısıyla afete müdahaleyi ve kriz yönetimini iyileştirdiği sonucuna varılmıştır.Bu bağlamda,makale Kahramanmaraş Depremleri sırasında afet müdahale stratejisindeki proaktif politikanın gelecekteki afetlerin ele alınmasında değerli dersler sunduğuna işaret etmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Afet Müdahale Yönetimi Cumhurbaşkanlığı Kararnameleri Operasyonel Müdahale Organizasyonel Müdahale Psikolojik Müdahale
Kaynakça
- AGAMBEN G, Homo sacer: Il potere sovrano e la nuda vita (Einaudi 1995)
- ARONSSON-STORRIER M and DA COSTA K, “Regulating Disasters? The Role of International Law in Disaster Prevention and Management” (2017) 26 Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal Budayeva and others v. Russia App nos. 15339/02, 21166/02, 20058/02, 11673/02 and 15343/02 (ECtHR 29 September 2008)
- CARTER N, Disaster Management: A Disaster Manager's Handbook (ADB, 2008)
- FARBER D, ‘International Law and the Disaster Cycle’ in David D Caron, Michael J Kelly and Anastasia Telesetsky (eds), The International Law of Disaster Relief (Cambridge University Press 2014) 9.
- Habertürk, ‘Kahramanmaraş Depreminde GSM Operatörlerine Ağır Eleştiriler! Turkcell, Vodafone ve Türk Telekom Yine Sınıfta Kaldı... - Deprem Haberleri - Teknoloji Haberleri’ (Habertürk2 October 2023) <https://www.haberturk.com/operatorler-yine-sinifta-kaldi-3564007-teknoloji> accessed 22 August 2023
- IFRC, ‘Guidelines for the Domestic Facilitation and Regulation of International Disaster Relief and Initial Recovery Assistance’ (2007)
- IFRC, ‘Policy Brief: Legal Frameworks for Effective and Integrated Disaster and Climate Risk Governance’ (2022)
- İletişim Başkanlığı, ‘06 Şubat 2023 Kahramanmaraş Depremleri Asrin Felaketi’ (İletişim Başkanlığı 2023) <https://www.iletisim.gov.tr/images/uploads/dosyalar/Asrin-Felaketi-TR.pdf> accessed 2022
- İletişim Başkanlığı, ‘Sanayi ve Teknoloji Bakanı Varank, Deprem Bölgesinde Hasar Gören Sanayi Tesislerine Ilişkin Incelemelerine Adıyaman’da Devam Etti’ (www.iletisim.gov.tr March 2023) https://www.iletisim.gov.tr/turkce/yerel_basin/detay/sanayi-ve-teknoloji-bakani-varank-deprem-bolgesinde-hasar-goren-sanayi-tesislerine-iliskin-incelemelerine-adiyamanda-devam-etti accessed 18 August 2023
- INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF RED CROSS AND RED CRESCENT SOCIETIES (IFRC), ‘IFRC Launches International Emergency Appeals for CHF 200 million to Respond to Deadly Earthquake in Türkiye and Syria: IFRC’ (IFRC launches international Emergency Appeals for CHF 200 million to respond to deadly earthquake in Türkiye and Syria, 6 February 2023) <https://www.ifrc.org/press-release/ifrc-launches-international-emergency-appeals-chf-200-million-respond-deadly > accessed 8 August 2023
- KADIOGLU, M. ‘Modern, bütünleşik afet yönetimin temel ilkeleri.’ in Prof Dr Mikdat Kadıoğlu, Doç Dr Emin Özdamar, Afet Zararlarini Azaltmanin Temel İlkeleri, (Japonya Uluslararası İşbirliği Ajansı/ JICA Türkiye Ofisi, Yayın No: 2, 2008)
- KELMAN I, Disaster by Choice (Oxford University Press 2020)
- LAUTA, K.C. Disaster Law (1st ed., Routledge 2014)
- Law on Associations, Law Number : 5253, Date of Adoption : 4/11/2004 Official Gazette 23/11/2004 No: 25649
- Law on State of Emergency, Law Number : 2935 Date of Adoption : 25/10/1983, Official Gazette 27/10/1983 No: 18204
- M. Özel And Others v Turkey Apps nos. 14350/05, 15245/05 and 16051/05) (ECtHR 02 May 2016)
- NOHUTCU A, ‘İdare Hukuku’ (28th edn, Savaş Yayınevi 2021)
- Oneryildiz v Turkey App No 48939/99 (ECtHR, 30 November 2004)
- PEARCE L, ‘Disaster Management and Community Planning, and Public Participation: How to Achieve Sustainable Hazard Mitigation’ (2003) 28 Natural Hazards 211
- Presidency of Turkish Republic, 'Decree No. 120 on ' (11 February 2023) Official Gazette No: [32101], https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2023/02/20230211M1-1.pdf accessed 16 August 2023
- Presidency of Turkish Republic, 'Decree No. 121 on ' (12 February 2023) Official Gazette No: [32103], https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2023/02/20230213-1.pdf . accessed 17 August 2023
- Presidency of Turkish Republic, 'Decree No. 122 on ' (15 February 2023) Official Gazette No: [32105], https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2023/02/20230215-2.pdf accessed 17 August 2023
- Presidency of Turkish Republic, 'Decree No. 124 on ' (17 February 2023) Official Gazette No: [32107], https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2023/02/20230217.pdf accessed 16 August 2023
- Presidency of Turkish Republic, 'Decree No. 126 on ' (24 February 2023) Official Gazette No: [32114], https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2023/02/20230224-9.pdf. accessed 17 August 2023
- Presidency of Turkish Republic, 'Decree No. 127 on ' (3 March 2023) Official Gazette No: [32121], https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2023/03/20230303-9.pdf accessed 20 August 2023
- Presidency of Turkish Republic, 'Decree No. 128 on ' (3 March 2023) Official Gazette No: [32121], https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2023/03/20230303-10.pdf accessed 17 August 2023
- Presidency of Turkish Republic, 'Decree No. 129 on ' (2 March 2023) Official Gazette No: [32121], https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2023/03/20230303-11.pdf accessed 20 August 2023
- Presidency of Turkish Republic, 'Decree No. 131 on ' (3 March 2023) Official Gazette No: [32121], https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2023/03/20230303-13.pdf accessed 17 August 2023
- Presidency of Turkish Republic, 'Decree No. 133 on ' (10 March 2023) Official Gazette No: [32128], https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2023/03/20230310-2.pdf accessed 20 August 2023
- Presidency of Turkish Republic, 'Decree No. 139 on ' (5 April 2023) Official Gazette No: [32154], https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2023/04/20230405-8.pdf accessed 16 August 2023
- Presidency of Turkish Republic, 'Decree No. 140 on ' (6 April 2023) Official Gazette No: [32155], https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2023/04/20230406-5.pdf accessed 16 August 2023
- Presidency of Turkish Republic, 'Decree No. 142 on ' (13 April 2023) Official Gazette No: [32162], https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2023/04/20230413-1.pdf accessed 16 August 2023
- Presidency of Turkish Republic, 'Decree No. 6785 on ' (8 February 2023) Official Gazette No: [32098], https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2023/02/20230208-1.pdf . accessed 17 August 2023
- SCHMITT C, Political Theology: Four Chapters on the Concept of Sovereignty (George Schwab tr, University of Chicago Press 2005)
- TRT Haber, ‘Over 691 Thousand Earthquake Victims Received Psychosocial Support’ (www.trthaber.com28 February 2023) <https://www.trthaber.com/haber/gundem/691-bini-askin-depremzedeye-psikososyal-destek-verildi-749522.html> accessed 18 August 2023
- TUIK, ‘TÜİK-Veri Portalı’ (data.tuik.gov.tr2022) <https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=Tarim-111> accessed 17 August 2023
- UNITED NATIONS INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY FOR DISASTER RISK REDUCTION (UNISDR), ‘Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030’ (18 March 2015) UN Doc A/CONF.224/CRP.1
- UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR DISASTER RISK REDUCTION (UNDRR), ‘Yokohama Strategy and Plan of Action for a Safer World: guidelines for natural disaster prevention, preparedness and mitigation’ (UNDRR, 1994)
- UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR DISASTER RISK REDUCTION, ‘Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction 2022: Our World at Risk: Transforming Governance for a Resilient Future’ (UNISDR 2022) ISBN: 9789212320281
- WELLS C, MORGAN D and QUICK O, ‘Disasters: A Challenge for the Law’ (1999) 39 Washburn Law Journal 496
A CONCEPTUAL APPROACH ON DISASTER RESPONSE MANAGEMENT AND THE LEGALITY OF DISASTER RESPONSE: A CASE STUDY ON FEBRUARY 6 KAHRAMANMARAS EARTHQUAKES IN TURKIYE AND PRESIDENTIAL DECREES UNDER THE STATE OF EMERGENCY
Öz
This article aims to critically analyze the legal and democratic framework of disaster response within the context of the Republic of Türkiye Presidential Decrees (PDs) issued during the state of emergency (SOE) declared following the earthquakes in Kahramanmaras on February 6th. This research analyzed the PDs issued during the SOE in ten provinces using content analysis techniques. The published PDs’ have been analyzed by dividing them into three groups: operational, organizational, and psychological response, and thus a conceptual approach to disaster response management has been put forward. It is concluded that actively pursuing legal remedies during disaster response enhances the effectiveness of interventions and provides a valid, democratic, and legal basis for processes, thereby optimizing disaster response and crisis management. As such, the article pointed out that the proactive policy in disaster intervention strategy during the Kahramanmaras Earthquakes offered valuable lessons for handling future disasters.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Disaster Response Management Presidential Decrees Operational Intervention Organizational Intervention Psychological Intervention
Kaynakça
- AGAMBEN G, Homo sacer: Il potere sovrano e la nuda vita (Einaudi 1995)
- ARONSSON-STORRIER M and DA COSTA K, “Regulating Disasters? The Role of International Law in Disaster Prevention and Management” (2017) 26 Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal Budayeva and others v. Russia App nos. 15339/02, 21166/02, 20058/02, 11673/02 and 15343/02 (ECtHR 29 September 2008)
- CARTER N, Disaster Management: A Disaster Manager's Handbook (ADB, 2008)
- FARBER D, ‘International Law and the Disaster Cycle’ in David D Caron, Michael J Kelly and Anastasia Telesetsky (eds), The International Law of Disaster Relief (Cambridge University Press 2014) 9.
- Habertürk, ‘Kahramanmaraş Depreminde GSM Operatörlerine Ağır Eleştiriler! Turkcell, Vodafone ve Türk Telekom Yine Sınıfta Kaldı... - Deprem Haberleri - Teknoloji Haberleri’ (Habertürk2 October 2023) <https://www.haberturk.com/operatorler-yine-sinifta-kaldi-3564007-teknoloji> accessed 22 August 2023
- IFRC, ‘Guidelines for the Domestic Facilitation and Regulation of International Disaster Relief and Initial Recovery Assistance’ (2007)
- IFRC, ‘Policy Brief: Legal Frameworks for Effective and Integrated Disaster and Climate Risk Governance’ (2022)
- İletişim Başkanlığı, ‘06 Şubat 2023 Kahramanmaraş Depremleri Asrin Felaketi’ (İletişim Başkanlığı 2023) <https://www.iletisim.gov.tr/images/uploads/dosyalar/Asrin-Felaketi-TR.pdf> accessed 2022
- İletişim Başkanlığı, ‘Sanayi ve Teknoloji Bakanı Varank, Deprem Bölgesinde Hasar Gören Sanayi Tesislerine Ilişkin Incelemelerine Adıyaman’da Devam Etti’ (www.iletisim.gov.tr March 2023) https://www.iletisim.gov.tr/turkce/yerel_basin/detay/sanayi-ve-teknoloji-bakani-varank-deprem-bolgesinde-hasar-goren-sanayi-tesislerine-iliskin-incelemelerine-adiyamanda-devam-etti accessed 18 August 2023
- INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF RED CROSS AND RED CRESCENT SOCIETIES (IFRC), ‘IFRC Launches International Emergency Appeals for CHF 200 million to Respond to Deadly Earthquake in Türkiye and Syria: IFRC’ (IFRC launches international Emergency Appeals for CHF 200 million to respond to deadly earthquake in Türkiye and Syria, 6 February 2023) <https://www.ifrc.org/press-release/ifrc-launches-international-emergency-appeals-chf-200-million-respond-deadly > accessed 8 August 2023
- KADIOGLU, M. ‘Modern, bütünleşik afet yönetimin temel ilkeleri.’ in Prof Dr Mikdat Kadıoğlu, Doç Dr Emin Özdamar, Afet Zararlarini Azaltmanin Temel İlkeleri, (Japonya Uluslararası İşbirliği Ajansı/ JICA Türkiye Ofisi, Yayın No: 2, 2008)
- KELMAN I, Disaster by Choice (Oxford University Press 2020)
- LAUTA, K.C. Disaster Law (1st ed., Routledge 2014)
- Law on Associations, Law Number : 5253, Date of Adoption : 4/11/2004 Official Gazette 23/11/2004 No: 25649
- Law on State of Emergency, Law Number : 2935 Date of Adoption : 25/10/1983, Official Gazette 27/10/1983 No: 18204
- M. Özel And Others v Turkey Apps nos. 14350/05, 15245/05 and 16051/05) (ECtHR 02 May 2016)
- NOHUTCU A, ‘İdare Hukuku’ (28th edn, Savaş Yayınevi 2021)
- Oneryildiz v Turkey App No 48939/99 (ECtHR, 30 November 2004)
- PEARCE L, ‘Disaster Management and Community Planning, and Public Participation: How to Achieve Sustainable Hazard Mitigation’ (2003) 28 Natural Hazards 211
- Presidency of Turkish Republic, 'Decree No. 120 on ' (11 February 2023) Official Gazette No: [32101], https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2023/02/20230211M1-1.pdf accessed 16 August 2023
- Presidency of Turkish Republic, 'Decree No. 121 on ' (12 February 2023) Official Gazette No: [32103], https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2023/02/20230213-1.pdf . accessed 17 August 2023
- Presidency of Turkish Republic, 'Decree No. 122 on ' (15 February 2023) Official Gazette No: [32105], https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2023/02/20230215-2.pdf accessed 17 August 2023
- Presidency of Turkish Republic, 'Decree No. 124 on ' (17 February 2023) Official Gazette No: [32107], https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2023/02/20230217.pdf accessed 16 August 2023
- Presidency of Turkish Republic, 'Decree No. 126 on ' (24 February 2023) Official Gazette No: [32114], https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2023/02/20230224-9.pdf. accessed 17 August 2023
- Presidency of Turkish Republic, 'Decree No. 127 on ' (3 March 2023) Official Gazette No: [32121], https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2023/03/20230303-9.pdf accessed 20 August 2023
- Presidency of Turkish Republic, 'Decree No. 128 on ' (3 March 2023) Official Gazette No: [32121], https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2023/03/20230303-10.pdf accessed 17 August 2023
- Presidency of Turkish Republic, 'Decree No. 129 on ' (2 March 2023) Official Gazette No: [32121], https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2023/03/20230303-11.pdf accessed 20 August 2023
- Presidency of Turkish Republic, 'Decree No. 131 on ' (3 March 2023) Official Gazette No: [32121], https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2023/03/20230303-13.pdf accessed 17 August 2023
- Presidency of Turkish Republic, 'Decree No. 133 on ' (10 March 2023) Official Gazette No: [32128], https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2023/03/20230310-2.pdf accessed 20 August 2023
- Presidency of Turkish Republic, 'Decree No. 139 on ' (5 April 2023) Official Gazette No: [32154], https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2023/04/20230405-8.pdf accessed 16 August 2023
- Presidency of Turkish Republic, 'Decree No. 140 on ' (6 April 2023) Official Gazette No: [32155], https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2023/04/20230406-5.pdf accessed 16 August 2023
- Presidency of Turkish Republic, 'Decree No. 142 on ' (13 April 2023) Official Gazette No: [32162], https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2023/04/20230413-1.pdf accessed 16 August 2023
- Presidency of Turkish Republic, 'Decree No. 6785 on ' (8 February 2023) Official Gazette No: [32098], https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2023/02/20230208-1.pdf . accessed 17 August 2023
- SCHMITT C, Political Theology: Four Chapters on the Concept of Sovereignty (George Schwab tr, University of Chicago Press 2005)
- TRT Haber, ‘Over 691 Thousand Earthquake Victims Received Psychosocial Support’ (www.trthaber.com28 February 2023) <https://www.trthaber.com/haber/gundem/691-bini-askin-depremzedeye-psikososyal-destek-verildi-749522.html> accessed 18 August 2023
- TUIK, ‘TÜİK-Veri Portalı’ (data.tuik.gov.tr2022) <https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=Tarim-111> accessed 17 August 2023
- UNITED NATIONS INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY FOR DISASTER RISK REDUCTION (UNISDR), ‘Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030’ (18 March 2015) UN Doc A/CONF.224/CRP.1
- UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR DISASTER RISK REDUCTION (UNDRR), ‘Yokohama Strategy and Plan of Action for a Safer World: guidelines for natural disaster prevention, preparedness and mitigation’ (UNDRR, 1994)
- UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR DISASTER RISK REDUCTION, ‘Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction 2022: Our World at Risk: Transforming Governance for a Resilient Future’ (UNISDR 2022) ISBN: 9789212320281
- WELLS C, MORGAN D and QUICK O, ‘Disasters: A Challenge for the Law’ (1999) 39 Washburn Law Journal 496
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Hukuk ve Beşeri Bilimler |
| Bölüm | ARAŞTIRMA MAKALELERİ |
| Yazarlar | |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 13 Mayıs 2024 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 9 Şubat 2024 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 18 Nisan 2024 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2024 Cilt: 32 Sayı: 2 |