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Türkiye’nin Refah Rejimine İlişkin Karşılaştırmalı Bir Yaklaşım: Yapısal Bir Analiz

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 1 - 11, 30.03.2023

Öz

Refah rejimi kavramı, ülke politikalarının uluslararası düzeyde karşılaştırılmasını ve refah kümelerinin hareketlerinin analiz edilmesini sağlayan bir gruplandırma işlemidir. Refah rejimi çeşitli kriterlerden oluşmaktadır ve birden fazla ülkeyi içerdiği için kapsamlı bir özelliğe sahiptir. Kalıntı-kurumsal yaklaşım, dekomüdifikasyon, olgunlaşmamışlık, cinsiyet, din ve aile tipolojilerini oluşturmak için zaman içinde türetilen bazı önemli refah kriterleridir ve çalışmada mevcut kriterler de incelenmiştir. Türkiye'nin yapısal özelliklerini açıklığa kavuşturmak için çeşitli tipolojilerden yararlanarak karşılaştırmalı bir yaklaşım oluşturmak çalışmanın temel amacıdır, bu nedenle Türkiye'nin temel özellikleri çalışmada ortaya koyulmuştur. İdeolojiler, aile yapısı, refah hizmetlerinin sunum yolları ve kaynakları derinlemesine incelenmiş ve Türkiye'yi çeşitli sınıflandırmalara uyarlayarak ortak noktalar somutlaştırılmıştır. Genel yaklaşım Türkiye'nin Güneydoğu Akdeniz grubuna ait olduğu yönünde olmakla birlikte, Türkiye ile kesişen tipolojiler birden fazla gruba işaret ettiğinden dolayı Türkiye'nin belirli bir gruba uygulanması uygun görülmemektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Abrahamson, P. (1999). The Welfare Modelling Business, Social Policy & Administration, Vol.33, No.4, pp.394-415.
  • Achterberg, P. Yerkes, M. (2009). One welfare state emerging? Convergence versus Divergence in 16 Western Countries, Journal of Comparative Social Welfare, Vol.25, No.3, pp.189-201.
  • Andersen, G. E. (1990). The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism, Princeton University Press.
  • Aspalter, C. (2011). The Development of Ideal-Typical Welfare Regime Theory, International Social Work, Vol.54, No.6, pp.735–750.
  • Barr, N. (1992). Economic Theory and the Welfare State: A Survey and Interpretation, Journal of Economic Literature, Vol.30, No.2, pp.741-803.
  • Bonoli, G. (1997). Classifying Welfare States: A Two-dimension Approach, Journal of Social Policy, Vol. 26, No.3, pp.351-372.
  • Boratav, K. (2013). İktisat Tarihi 1908-2009 16. Baskı, İmge Kitabevi.
  • Bozçağa,T. (2013). Women and The Welfare State Regime of Turkey, Turkish Policy Quarterly, Vol.11, No.4, 2013, pp.177-188.
  • Buğra, A. Keyder, Ç. (2006). The Turkish Welfare Regime in Transformation, Journal of European Social Policy, Vol.16, No.3, pp.211–228.
  • Çelik, A. (2014). Avrupa Birliği Sosyal Politikası ve Türkiye, Kitap Yayınevi.
  • Deacon, B. (2000). Eastern European Welfare States: The Impact of The Politics of Globalization, Journal of European Social Policy, Vol.10, No.2, 2000, pp.146-161.
  • Dorlach, T. (2016). The AKP between Populism and Neoliberalism: Lessons from Pharmaceutical Policy, New Perspectives on Turkey, C.55, 2016, pp.55-83.
  • Effinger, B. P. (2005). Culture and Welfare State Policies: Reflections on a Complex Interrelation, Journal of Social Policy, Vol.34, S.1, pp.3-20.
  • Ferrera, M. (1996). The Southern Model of Welfare in Social Europe, Journal of European Social Policy, Vol.20, No.1, pp..17-37.
  • Fleury, S. (2017). The Welfare State in Latin America: Reform, Innovation and Fatigue, Cad. Saúde Pública, C.33, No.2, e00058116.
  • Gal, J. (2010). Is There an Extended Family of Mediterranean Welfare States? , Journal of European Social Policy, Vol.20, No.4, pp.283–300.
  • Gough, I. (2003). Welfare Regimes in East Asia and Europe, Katherine Marshall, Olivier Butzbach, New Social Policy Agendas for Europe and Asia: Challenges, Experience, and Lessons, The World Bank, pp.27-42.
  • Gough, I. (1996). Social Assistance in Southern Europe, South European Society and Politics, Vol.1, No.1, pp.1-23.
  • Grütjen, D. (2008). The Turkish Welfare Regime: An Example of The Southern European Model? The Role of the State, Market and Family in Welfare Provision, Turkish Policy Quarterly, Vol.7, pp.112-113.
  • Heper, M. (2013). Islam, Conservatism, and Democracy in Turkey: Comparing Turgut Özal and Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Insight Turkey, Vol.15, No.2, pp.141-156.
  • Heywood, A. (2013). Politics, Fourth Edition, Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Holliday, I. (2000). Productivist Welfare Capitalism: Social Policy in East Asia, Political Studies, Vol.48, No.4, pp.706-723.
  • Huntington, S.P. (1957). Conservatism as An Ideology, The American Political Science Review, Vol.51, No.2, pp.454- 473.
  • Kalaycıoğlu, E. (2007). Politics of Conservatism in Turkey, Turkish Studies, Vol.8, No.2, pp.233-252.
  • Kaymaz, Y.S. (2022). Transformation of Turkey’s Welfare Regime, The Sakarya Journal of Economics, Vol.11, No.1, 2022, pp.66-76.
  • Korpi, W. (2000). Faces of Inequality: Gender, Class, and Patterns of Inequalities in Different Types of Welfare States, Social Politics, Vol.7, No.2, pp.127–191.
  • Lewis, J. (1992). Gender and the Development of Welfare Regimes. Journal of European Social Policy, Vol.2, No.3 pp.159–173.
  • Orloff, A. (1996). Gender in the Welfare State, Annual Review of Sociology, Vol.22, pp.51-78.
  • Özaydın, M., M. (2013). Harmonization of Work and Family Life Issue on The Basis of Gender Based Classifications of Welfare, Journal of Gazi University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Vol.15, No.3, pp.47-72.
  • Pascall, Gillian, Sung, Sirin, (2014). Gender and East Asia, Gillian Pascall and Sirin Sung Gender and East Asian Welfare States: from Confucianism to Gender Equality, Palgrave Macmillan, pp.1-27.
  • Powell, M., Yörük, E. (2017). Straddling Two Continents and Beyond Three Worlds? The Case of Turkey’s Welfare Regime, New Perspectives on Turkey, Vol.57, pp.85-114.
  • Sodaro, M. J. (2007). Comparative Politics: A Global Introduction, McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
  • Spicker, P. (2000). The Welfare State: A General Theory, Sage Publications.
  • Spicker, P. (2014). Social Policy: Theory and Practice Third Edition, Policy Press.
  • The Constitution of the Turkish Republic, Official Gazette of the Republic of Turkey, 18.10.1982.
  • Ulutürk, Ulutaş, Ç. (2017). Türkiye Refah Rejiminin Dönüşüm Sürecinde Sosyal Yardım Sistemi, Emek Araştırma Dergisi, C.8, S.12, pp.27-48.
  • Wood, G., Gough, I. (2006). A Comparative Welfare Regime Approach to Global Social Policy, World Development, Vol.34, No.10, pp.1696-1712.
  • Yaniv, G. (1997). Welfare Fraud and Welfare Stigma, Journal of Economic Psychology, Vol.18, No.4, pp.435-451.
  • Global Gender Gap Index, https://www3.weforum.org, (08.11.2022).
  • Social Expenditure Database, https://www.oecd.org/social/expenditure.htm. (10.11.2022).

A Comparative Approach Regarding Turkey’s Welfare Regime: Structural Analyze

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 1 - 11, 30.03.2023

Öz

The concept of welfare regime is a grouping transaction which provides to compare country policies at international level and to analyze the motion of the welfare clusters. Welfare regime consists of various criteria, and it has comprehensive feature as it contains more than one country. The residual-institutional approach, decommodification, immaturity, gender, religion and family are some major welfare criterions have been derived by time to compose the typologies also current criterions also examined in the study. Generating a comparative approach by using various typologies to clarify Turkey's structural features is the main objective of the study therefore, Turkey's basic features unveiled in the study. Ideologies, family structure, welfare services delivery ways and sources examined deeply and by adopting Turkey to various classifications, the common points were embodied. While the general approach is that Turkey belongs to the Southeastern Mediterranean group, the typologies that intersect with Turkey indicate more than one group, so it is not considered appropriate to apply Turkey to a particular group.

Kaynakça

  • Abrahamson, P. (1999). The Welfare Modelling Business, Social Policy & Administration, Vol.33, No.4, pp.394-415.
  • Achterberg, P. Yerkes, M. (2009). One welfare state emerging? Convergence versus Divergence in 16 Western Countries, Journal of Comparative Social Welfare, Vol.25, No.3, pp.189-201.
  • Andersen, G. E. (1990). The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism, Princeton University Press.
  • Aspalter, C. (2011). The Development of Ideal-Typical Welfare Regime Theory, International Social Work, Vol.54, No.6, pp.735–750.
  • Barr, N. (1992). Economic Theory and the Welfare State: A Survey and Interpretation, Journal of Economic Literature, Vol.30, No.2, pp.741-803.
  • Bonoli, G. (1997). Classifying Welfare States: A Two-dimension Approach, Journal of Social Policy, Vol. 26, No.3, pp.351-372.
  • Boratav, K. (2013). İktisat Tarihi 1908-2009 16. Baskı, İmge Kitabevi.
  • Bozçağa,T. (2013). Women and The Welfare State Regime of Turkey, Turkish Policy Quarterly, Vol.11, No.4, 2013, pp.177-188.
  • Buğra, A. Keyder, Ç. (2006). The Turkish Welfare Regime in Transformation, Journal of European Social Policy, Vol.16, No.3, pp.211–228.
  • Çelik, A. (2014). Avrupa Birliği Sosyal Politikası ve Türkiye, Kitap Yayınevi.
  • Deacon, B. (2000). Eastern European Welfare States: The Impact of The Politics of Globalization, Journal of European Social Policy, Vol.10, No.2, 2000, pp.146-161.
  • Dorlach, T. (2016). The AKP between Populism and Neoliberalism: Lessons from Pharmaceutical Policy, New Perspectives on Turkey, C.55, 2016, pp.55-83.
  • Effinger, B. P. (2005). Culture and Welfare State Policies: Reflections on a Complex Interrelation, Journal of Social Policy, Vol.34, S.1, pp.3-20.
  • Ferrera, M. (1996). The Southern Model of Welfare in Social Europe, Journal of European Social Policy, Vol.20, No.1, pp..17-37.
  • Fleury, S. (2017). The Welfare State in Latin America: Reform, Innovation and Fatigue, Cad. Saúde Pública, C.33, No.2, e00058116.
  • Gal, J. (2010). Is There an Extended Family of Mediterranean Welfare States? , Journal of European Social Policy, Vol.20, No.4, pp.283–300.
  • Gough, I. (2003). Welfare Regimes in East Asia and Europe, Katherine Marshall, Olivier Butzbach, New Social Policy Agendas for Europe and Asia: Challenges, Experience, and Lessons, The World Bank, pp.27-42.
  • Gough, I. (1996). Social Assistance in Southern Europe, South European Society and Politics, Vol.1, No.1, pp.1-23.
  • Grütjen, D. (2008). The Turkish Welfare Regime: An Example of The Southern European Model? The Role of the State, Market and Family in Welfare Provision, Turkish Policy Quarterly, Vol.7, pp.112-113.
  • Heper, M. (2013). Islam, Conservatism, and Democracy in Turkey: Comparing Turgut Özal and Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Insight Turkey, Vol.15, No.2, pp.141-156.
  • Heywood, A. (2013). Politics, Fourth Edition, Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Holliday, I. (2000). Productivist Welfare Capitalism: Social Policy in East Asia, Political Studies, Vol.48, No.4, pp.706-723.
  • Huntington, S.P. (1957). Conservatism as An Ideology, The American Political Science Review, Vol.51, No.2, pp.454- 473.
  • Kalaycıoğlu, E. (2007). Politics of Conservatism in Turkey, Turkish Studies, Vol.8, No.2, pp.233-252.
  • Kaymaz, Y.S. (2022). Transformation of Turkey’s Welfare Regime, The Sakarya Journal of Economics, Vol.11, No.1, 2022, pp.66-76.
  • Korpi, W. (2000). Faces of Inequality: Gender, Class, and Patterns of Inequalities in Different Types of Welfare States, Social Politics, Vol.7, No.2, pp.127–191.
  • Lewis, J. (1992). Gender and the Development of Welfare Regimes. Journal of European Social Policy, Vol.2, No.3 pp.159–173.
  • Orloff, A. (1996). Gender in the Welfare State, Annual Review of Sociology, Vol.22, pp.51-78.
  • Özaydın, M., M. (2013). Harmonization of Work and Family Life Issue on The Basis of Gender Based Classifications of Welfare, Journal of Gazi University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Vol.15, No.3, pp.47-72.
  • Pascall, Gillian, Sung, Sirin, (2014). Gender and East Asia, Gillian Pascall and Sirin Sung Gender and East Asian Welfare States: from Confucianism to Gender Equality, Palgrave Macmillan, pp.1-27.
  • Powell, M., Yörük, E. (2017). Straddling Two Continents and Beyond Three Worlds? The Case of Turkey’s Welfare Regime, New Perspectives on Turkey, Vol.57, pp.85-114.
  • Sodaro, M. J. (2007). Comparative Politics: A Global Introduction, McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
  • Spicker, P. (2000). The Welfare State: A General Theory, Sage Publications.
  • Spicker, P. (2014). Social Policy: Theory and Practice Third Edition, Policy Press.
  • The Constitution of the Turkish Republic, Official Gazette of the Republic of Turkey, 18.10.1982.
  • Ulutürk, Ulutaş, Ç. (2017). Türkiye Refah Rejiminin Dönüşüm Sürecinde Sosyal Yardım Sistemi, Emek Araştırma Dergisi, C.8, S.12, pp.27-48.
  • Wood, G., Gough, I. (2006). A Comparative Welfare Regime Approach to Global Social Policy, World Development, Vol.34, No.10, pp.1696-1712.
  • Yaniv, G. (1997). Welfare Fraud and Welfare Stigma, Journal of Economic Psychology, Vol.18, No.4, pp.435-451.
  • Global Gender Gap Index, https://www3.weforum.org, (08.11.2022).
  • Social Expenditure Database, https://www.oecd.org/social/expenditure.htm. (10.11.2022).
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Yavuz Selim Kaymaz 0000-0002-0698-9011

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 20 Mart 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Mart 2023
Kabul Tarihi 29 Kasım 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Kaymaz, Y. S. (2023). A Comparative Approach Regarding Turkey’s Welfare Regime: Structural Analyze. Toplumsal Politika Dergisi, 4(1), 1-11.