Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 1, 30 - 37, 30.04.2022

Tuncer Gövdeli Abdullah Yiğit Güngör

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Buraimo B, Paramio JL, Campos C. The impact of televised football on stadium attendances in English and Spanish league football. Soccer & Society, 2010; 11(4), 461-474.
  • Carmichael F, Thomas D. Home-field effect and team performance: evidence from English premiership football. Journal of Sports Economics, 2005; 6(3), 264-281.
  • Clarke SR, Norman JM. Home ground advantage of individual clubs in English soccer. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series D (The Statistician), 1995; 44(4), 509-521.
  • Courneya KS, Carron AV. The home advantage in sport competitions: a literature review. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 1992; 14(1): 13-27.
  • Emirmahmutoğlu F, Köse N. Testing for Granger causality in heterogeneous mixed panels. Economic Modelling, 2011; 28(3), 870-876.
  • Endrich M, Gesche T. Home-bias in referee decisions: Evidence from “Ghost Matches” during the Covid19-Pandemic. Economics Letters, 2020; 197, 1-4.
  • Ferraresi M, Gucciardi G. Team performance and audience: experimental evidence from the football sector. Società Italiana Di Economia Pubblica, 2020; 94, 1-22.
  • Im KS, Pesaran MH, Shin Y. Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels. Journal of Econometrics, 2003; 115(1), 53-74.
  • İnan T. The Effect of Crowd Support on Home-Field Advantage: Evidence from European Football. Annals of Applied Sport Science, 2020; 1-9.
  • Jiménez Sánchez Á, Lavín JM. Home advantage in European soccer without crowd. Soccer & Society, 2020; 1-14.
  • Levin A, Lin CF, Chu CSJ. Unit root tests in panel data: asymptotic and finite-sample properties, Journal of Econometrics, 2020; 108(1), 1-24.
  • Liu T, García-De-Alcaraz A, Zhang L, Zhang Y. Exploring home advantage and quality of opposition interactions in the Chinese Football Super League. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 2019; 19(3), 289-301.
  • Maddala GS, Wu S. A comparative study of unit root tests with panel data and a new simple test. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 1999; 61(S1), 631-652.
  • Nevill AM, Balmer NJ, Williams AM. The influence of crowd noise and experience upon refereeing decisions in football. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2002; 3(4), 261-272.
  • Pawlowski T, Anders C. Stadium attendance in German professional football–The (un) importance of uncertainty of outcome reconsidered. Applied Economics Letters, 2012; 19(16), 1553-1556.
  • Pawlowski T, Nalbantis G. Competition format, championship uncertainty and stadium attendance in European football–a small league perspective. Applied Economics, 2015; 47(38), 4128-4139.
  • Pedroni P. Critical values for cointegration tests in heterogeneous panels with multiple regressors. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 1999; 61(S1), 653-670.
  • Picazo-Tadeo AJ, González-Gómez F, Guardiola J. Does the crowd matter in refereeing decisions? Evidence from Spanish soccer. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2017; 15(5), 447-459.
  • Pollard R. Home advantage in soccer: A retrospective analysis. Journal of Sports Sciences, 1986; 4(3), 237-248.
  • Pollard R, Gomez MA. Comparison of home advantage in men's and women's football leagues in Europe. European Journal of Sport Science, 2014; 14(1), 77-83.
  • Schwartz B, Barsky SF. The home advantage. Social Forces, 1977; 55(3), 641-661.

Predictors of Crowd Effect in Football: Evidence From Five Major Football Leagues of Europe

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 1, 30 - 37, 30.04.2022

Tuncer Gövdeli Abdullah Yiğit Güngör

Öz

This study aims to determine predictors of crowd effect in five major football leagues in Europe. Literature review shows that crowd effect can be determined as size, proximity or density for the analysis. In this study, density was selected among them. Therefore, stadium occupancy rates were used as the crowd effect indicator. As the predictors of crowd effect; total transfer expenditure, total market value, average goals scored per match, UEFA coefficients of each league were utilized as variables of the research. In addition, gross domestic product of each country were included in the analysis as the predictor. Because supporters’ economic conditions are also important to afford ticket prices. In this context, data regarding the variables includes from the season of 2005-2006 to 2019-2020 for English Premier League, French Ligue 1, German Bundesliga, Italian Serie A, Spanish La Liga. In this study, panel data analysis was used among quantitative research methods. Stationary of data was determined at the level of I(1). It was indicated through cointegration test that there was a cointegration relationship in the panel. Hence, stadium occupancy rate would move together with other variables in the long term except total market value. According to panel causality analysis results; total transfer expenditure, average goals scored per match, and UEFA coefficients, and gross domestic product are predictors of stadium occupancy rate.

Anahtar Kelimeler

crowd effect stadium occupancy rate crowd density home advantage panel causality test

Kaynakça

  • Buraimo B, Paramio JL, Campos C. The impact of televised football on stadium attendances in English and Spanish league football. Soccer & Society, 2010; 11(4), 461-474.
  • Carmichael F, Thomas D. Home-field effect and team performance: evidence from English premiership football. Journal of Sports Economics, 2005; 6(3), 264-281.
  • Clarke SR, Norman JM. Home ground advantage of individual clubs in English soccer. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series D (The Statistician), 1995; 44(4), 509-521.
  • Courneya KS, Carron AV. The home advantage in sport competitions: a literature review. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 1992; 14(1): 13-27.
  • Emirmahmutoğlu F, Köse N. Testing for Granger causality in heterogeneous mixed panels. Economic Modelling, 2011; 28(3), 870-876.
  • Endrich M, Gesche T. Home-bias in referee decisions: Evidence from “Ghost Matches” during the Covid19-Pandemic. Economics Letters, 2020; 197, 1-4.
  • Ferraresi M, Gucciardi G. Team performance and audience: experimental evidence from the football sector. Società Italiana Di Economia Pubblica, 2020; 94, 1-22.
  • Im KS, Pesaran MH, Shin Y. Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels. Journal of Econometrics, 2003; 115(1), 53-74.
  • İnan T. The Effect of Crowd Support on Home-Field Advantage: Evidence from European Football. Annals of Applied Sport Science, 2020; 1-9.
  • Jiménez Sánchez Á, Lavín JM. Home advantage in European soccer without crowd. Soccer & Society, 2020; 1-14.
  • Levin A, Lin CF, Chu CSJ. Unit root tests in panel data: asymptotic and finite-sample properties, Journal of Econometrics, 2020; 108(1), 1-24.
  • Liu T, García-De-Alcaraz A, Zhang L, Zhang Y. Exploring home advantage and quality of opposition interactions in the Chinese Football Super League. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 2019; 19(3), 289-301.
  • Maddala GS, Wu S. A comparative study of unit root tests with panel data and a new simple test. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 1999; 61(S1), 631-652.
  • Nevill AM, Balmer NJ, Williams AM. The influence of crowd noise and experience upon refereeing decisions in football. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2002; 3(4), 261-272.
  • Pawlowski T, Anders C. Stadium attendance in German professional football–The (un) importance of uncertainty of outcome reconsidered. Applied Economics Letters, 2012; 19(16), 1553-1556.
  • Pawlowski T, Nalbantis G. Competition format, championship uncertainty and stadium attendance in European football–a small league perspective. Applied Economics, 2015; 47(38), 4128-4139.
  • Pedroni P. Critical values for cointegration tests in heterogeneous panels with multiple regressors. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 1999; 61(S1), 653-670.
  • Picazo-Tadeo AJ, González-Gómez F, Guardiola J. Does the crowd matter in refereeing decisions? Evidence from Spanish soccer. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2017; 15(5), 447-459.
  • Pollard R. Home advantage in soccer: A retrospective analysis. Journal of Sports Sciences, 1986; 4(3), 237-248.
  • Pollard R, Gomez MA. Comparison of home advantage in men's and women's football leagues in Europe. European Journal of Sport Science, 2014; 14(1), 77-83.
  • Schwartz B, Barsky SF. The home advantage. Social Forces, 1977; 55(3), 641-661.
Toplam 21 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Spor Hekimliği
Bölüm Makeleler
Yazarlar

Tuncer Gövdeli 0000-0002-6600-8684

Abdullah Yiğit Güngör 0000-0001-8135-7180

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Nisan 2022
Kabul Tarihi 9 Mayıs 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 24 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Gövdeli, T., & Güngör, A. Y. (2022). Predictors of Crowd Effect in Football: Evidence From Five Major Football Leagues of Europe. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 24(1), 30-37.
AMA Gövdeli T, Güngör AY. Predictors of Crowd Effect in Football: Evidence From Five Major Football Leagues of Europe. Turk J Sport Exe. Nisan 2022;24(1):30-37.
Chicago Gövdeli, Tuncer, ve Abdullah Yiğit Güngör. “Predictors of Crowd Effect in Football: Evidence From Five Major Football Leagues of Europe”. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise 24, sy. 1 (Nisan 2022): 30-37.
EndNote Gövdeli T, Güngör AY (01 Nisan 2022) Predictors of Crowd Effect in Football: Evidence From Five Major Football Leagues of Europe. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise 24 1 30–37.
IEEE T. Gövdeli ve A. Y. Güngör, “Predictors of Crowd Effect in Football: Evidence From Five Major Football Leagues of Europe”, Turk J Sport Exe, c. 24, sy. 1, ss. 30–37, 2022.
ISNAD Gövdeli, Tuncer - Güngör, Abdullah Yiğit. “Predictors of Crowd Effect in Football: Evidence From Five Major Football Leagues of Europe”. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise 24/1 (Nisan 2022), 30-37.
JAMA Gövdeli T, Güngör AY. Predictors of Crowd Effect in Football: Evidence From Five Major Football Leagues of Europe. Turk J Sport Exe. 2022;24:30–37.
MLA Gövdeli, Tuncer ve Abdullah Yiğit Güngör. “Predictors of Crowd Effect in Football: Evidence From Five Major Football Leagues of Europe”. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, c. 24, sy. 1, 2022, ss. 30-37.
Vancouver Gövdeli T, Güngör AY. Predictors of Crowd Effect in Football: Evidence From Five Major Football Leagues of Europe. Turk J Sport Exe. 2022;24(1):30-7.
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