KÂĞITSIZ BİR ARKEOLOJİYE DOĞRU

Serdar Özbilen

doi:10.22520/tubaked.1290280

İnceleme Makalesi

KÂĞITSIZ BİR ARKEOLOJİYE DOĞRU

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 28, 105 - 128, 31.12.2023

Serdar Özbilen

https://doi.org/10.22520/tubaked.1290280

Öz

Orta Çağ’dan günümüze oldukça yavaş ve birikimsel ilerleyen bilimsel süreçte, güncel gelişmeler birbirini takip edemeyecek kadar ani ve hızlı ilerlemektedir. İnsanoğlu bu imkânlar dahilinde geleceği öngörerek hayatını kolaylaştırmanın yollarını aramaya çalışmaktadır. Sümerlere ait Gılgamış Destanında bile daha iyi bir yaşam için insanlığın çırpınışlarını görebilmekteyiz. Hatta bu anlayış, ütopik romanlarda da varlığını devam ettiregelmiştir. Platon’un “Devlet”indeki ideal yönetim anlayışı, T. More’un “Ütopya”sında, Thoma Campanella’nın “Güneş Ülkesi”nde Cenevizli Kaptanın Taprobana Adasındaki seyahati, Francis Bacon’un “Yeni Atlantis”indeki Avrupalı denizcilerin seyahati konulu gibi çoğaltabileceğimiz pek çok kitapta bunların ipuçlarını görebilmekteyiz. George Orwell’in 1984’ünde dediği gibi “geçmişi kontrol eden geleceği kontrol eder” sözünden hareketle, geçmişi çözümleyerek gelecek nesillere daha iyi bir yaşanılır dünya bırakmayı hedefleyen bilim dallarından birisi de arkeolojidir. Her bilim dalında görüldüğü gibi arkeolojinin de birtakım hedefleri ve sorunsalları vardır. Arkeoloji ana yöntemini “kazmak” diye tarif ettiğimiz “şey”den alır. Bu ise kendi içerisinde neredeyse yeryüzündeki arkeolog sayısı kadar birbirinden farklı metotları içerisinde barındırmaktadır. Bu konuda günümüzün hızlı ilerleyen teknolojisi dijital sistemlerin arkeolojik çalışmalara entegre edilmesine imkân sağlamıştır. Çalışmamıza dünya genelinde patlak veren COVID-19’un dijital sistemleri tetiklemesi ve dijital sistemlerin insanlık tarihi gelişimindeki kronolojik seyrine yer vererek başladık. Böylelikle çalışmamız daha teorik bir çerçeve halini aldı. Çalışmamızdaki ana amacımız dijital sistemlerin arkeolojideki kullanım alanlarını ve bu alanda kat edilen yolu tespit edip, ilgili okuyucunun konuya olan merakını teşvik etmektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dijital Arkeoloji, Uzaktan Algılama, CBS, LIDAR, 3D

Kaynakça

Alderdenfer, M. (1996). Introduction. Aldenderfer ve H. D. G. Maschner (Ed.), Anthropology, Space, and Geographic Information Systems içinde (s. 3-18), Oxford University Press.
Allam, Z. (2020). Cities and the Digital Revolution: Aligning technology and humanity. Palgrave Macmillan.
Appadurai A. (1996). Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization. University of Minnesota Press.
Auschner, E., Heithsch, J. ve Paola, Z. (2022). Between declarations of war and praying for help: analyzing heads of states’ speeches from a cross-cultural point of view. J. C. Pollock ve D. A. Vakoch (Ed.), COVID-19 in International Media: Global Pandemic Perspectives (s. 33-43) içinde. Routledge.
Balandier, G. (2019). Büyük Rahatsızlık. (D. Çetinkasap, Çev.). Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
Balandier, G. (2021). Sahnelenen İktidar. (Ö. Karakaş, Çev.). Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
Banning, E. B. (2020). Spatial sampling. M. Gillings. P. Hacıgüzeller ve G. Lock (Ed.), Archaeological Spatial Analysis: A Methodological Guide (s. 41- 59) içinde. Routledge.
Bano, N., Batool, F. ve Bin-Jumah, M. N. (2021). Introduction to COVID-19. M. Z. Ul-Haq, M. N. Bin-Jumah, S. I. Alothman ve H. A. Henidi (Ed.), Alternative Medicine Interventions for COVID-19 (s. 1-32) içinde. Springer.
Barcelo, J. A. (2009). Computational Intelligence in Archaeology. Information Science Reference.
Bates, L. A., Bollwerk, E. A. ve Galle, J. E. (2020). Archaeological Data in the Cloud: Collaboration and Accessibility with the Digital Archaeological Archive of Comparative Slavery (DAACS). J. W. Crowder, M. Fortun, R. Besara ve L. Poirier (Ed.), Anthropological Data in the Digital Age: New Possibilities – New Challenges (s. 85- 107) içinde. Palgrave Macmillan.
Binford, S. R. ve Binford, L. R. (1968). New Perspectives in Archaeology. Aldine Publishing Company.
Bobba, G. ve Hube, N. (2021). COVID-19 and Populism: A Sui Generis Crisis. G. Bobba ve N. Hube (Ed.), Populism and the Politicization of the COVID-19 Crisis in Europe (s. 1-16) içinde. Palgrave Macmillan.
Bohan, E. (2022). Future Superhuman: Our Transhuman Lives in a Make- or - Break Century. NewSouth Publishing.
Bonotti, M. ve Zech, S. T. (2021). Recovering Civility during COVID-19. Palgrave Macmillan.
Börjesson, L. ve Huvila, I. (2018). Digital archaeological data for future knowledge-making. I. Huvila (Ed.), Archaeology and Archaeological Information in the Digital Society (s. 14-36) içinde. Routledge.
Bradley, M. (2006). Archaeological survey in a digital world. T. L. Evans ve P. Daly (Ed.), Digital Archaeology: Bridging method and theory (s. 29-42) içinde. Routledge.
Braidotti, R. (2016). Posthuman Critical Theory. D. Banerji ve M. R. Paranjape (Ed.), Critical Posthumanism and Planetary Futures (s. 13- 32) içinde. Springer.
Buccellati G. (2017). A Critique of Archaeological Reason: Structural, Digital and Philosophical Aspects of the Excavated Record. Cambridge University Press.
Capelotti, P. J. (2010). The Human Archaeology of Space: Lunar, Planetary and Interstellar Relics of Exploration. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers.
Capelotti, P. J. (2015). Mobile Artifacts in the Solar System and Beyond. B. L. O’Leary ve P.J. Capelotti (Ed.), Archaeology and Heritage of the Human Movement into Space (s. 49-59) içinde. Springer.
Caraher, W. (2016). Slow Archaeology: Technology, Efficiency, and Archaeological Work. E. W. Averett, J. M. Gordon ve D. B. Counts (Ed.), Mobilizing the Past for a Digital Future: The Potential of Digital Archaeology (s. 421-441) içinde. The University of North Dakota: The Digital Press.
Caron, J. F. (2021). A Sketch of the World After the COVID-19 Crisis: Essays on Political Authority, The Future of Globalization, and the Rise of China. Palgrave Macmillan.
Chapman, H. (2006). Landscape Archaeology and GIS. The History Press.
Cheetham, P. N. (2008). Noninvasive Subsurface Mapping Techniques, Satellite And Aerial Imagery In Landscape Archaeology. B. David ve J. Thomas (Ed.), Handbook of Landscape Archaeology (s. 562- 582) içinde. Routledge.
Chu, S. K. W. (2017). 21st Century Skills Development Through Inquiry-Based Learning: From Theory to Practice. Springer.
Comer, D. C. ve Harrower, M. J. (2013). Introduction: The History and Future of Geospatial and Space Technologies in Archaeology. D. C. Comer ve M. J. Harrower (Ed.), Mapping Archaeological Landscapes from Space (s. 1-8)içinde. Springer.
Comer, D. C. (2014). Aerial and Satellite Remote Sensing in Archaeology. C. Smith (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology (s. 29-33) içinde. Springer.
Conolly, J. (2008). Geographical Information Systems and Landscape Archaeology. B. David ve J. Thomas (Ed.), Handbook of Landscape Archaeology (s. 583- 595) içinde. Routledge.
De Groot, J. (2009). Consuming History: Historians and heritage in contemporary popular culture. Routledge.
Dell’Unto, N. (2016). Using 3D GIS Platforms to Analyse and Interpret the Past. M. Forte ve S. Campana (Ed.), Digital Methods and Remote Sensing in Archaeology: Archaeology in the Age of Sensing (s. 305- 322) içinde. Springer.
Dell’Unto, N. (2018). 3D models and knowledge production. I. Huvila (Ed.), Archaeology and Archaeological Information in the Digital Society (s. 54-69)içinde. Routledge.
Dell’Unto, N. (2020). The analytical role of 3D realistic computer graphics. M. Gillings, P. Hacıgüzeller ve G. Lock (Ed.), Archaeological Spatial Analysis: A Methodological Guide (s. 444-459) içinde. Routledge.
Evans, T. L. (2006). You, me and IT: the application of simple quantitative techniques in the examination of gender, identity and social reproduction in the Early to Middle Iron Age of northeastern France. T. L. Evans ve P. Daly (Ed.), Digital Archaeology: Bridging method and theory (s. 51-80) içinde. Routledge.
Forte, M. (2010). Introduction to Cyber-Archaeology. M. Forte (Ed.), Cyber-Archaeology (s. 9-13) içinde. Archaeopress.
Forte, M. (2014). Virtual Reality, Cyberarchaeology, Teleimmersive Archaeology. F. Remondino ve S. Campana (Ed.), 3D Recording and Modelling in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage Theory and best practices (s. 113-127) içinde. Archaeopress.
Franzen, S. (2020). Digital Transformations: Integrating Ethnographic Video into a Multimodal Platform. J. W. Crowder, M. Fortun, R. Besara ve L. Poirier (Ed.), Anthropological Data in the Digital Age: New Possibilities – New Challenges (s. 129-162) içinde. Palgrave Macmillan.
Gans, H. J. (2005). Popüler Kültür ve Yüksek Kültür. (E. O. İncirlioğlu, Çev.). YKY Yayınları.
Gauch, Jr., H. G. (2016). Bilimsel Yöntem. (İ. Yıldız, Çev.). Dipnot Yayınları.
Giardino, M. J. (2012). NASA Remote Sensing and Archaeology. R. Lasaponara ve N. Masini (Ed.), Satellite Remote Sensing A New Tool for Archaeology (s. 157-176) içinde. Springer.
Gordon, J., Averett, E. ve Counts, D. (2016). Mobile Computing in Archaeology: Exploring and Interpreting Current Practices. E. W. Averett, J. M. Gordon ve D. B. Counts (Ed.), Mobilizing the Past for a Digital Future: The Potential of Digital Archaeology (s. 1-30)içinde. The Digital Press.
Graves-Brown, P. (2014). Internet, Archaeology of the. C. Smith (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology (s. 4002-4006) içinde. Springer.
Gupta, N. (2020). Preparing archaeological data for spatial analysis. M. Gillings, P. Hacıgüzeller ve G. Lock (Ed.), Archaeological Spatial Analysis: A Methodological Guide (s. 17-40) içinde. Routledge.
Guldi, J. ve Armitage, D. (2016). Tarih Manifestosu. (S. Çağlayan, Çev.). Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
Hardt, M. ve Negri, A. (2000). Empire. Harvard University Press.
Harvey, D. (1994). The Condition of Postmodernity. Blackwell.
Hedberg, J. G. ve Stevenson, M. (2014). Breaking Away from Text, Time and Place. M. Gosper ve D. Ifenthaler (Ed.), Curriculum Models for the 21st Century: Using Learning Technologies in Higher Education (s. 17-33) içinde. Springer.
Hodder, I. (2016). Studies in Human-Thing Entanglement. Online at: https://www.ian-hodder. com/books/studies-human-thing-entanglement
Howland, M. D. (2018). 3D Recording in the Field: Style Without Substance?. T. E. Levy ve I. W. N. Jones (Ed.), Cyber-Archaeology and Grand Narratives: Digital Technology and Deep-Time Perspectives on Culture Change in the Middle East (s. 19-33) içinde. Springer.
Huchingson, J. E. (1997). Chaos and God’s Abundance: An Ontology of Variety in the Divine Life. Zygon, 32(4), 515-524.
Huggett, J. (2015). A Manifesto for an Introspective Digital Archaeology. Open Archaeology, 1, 86-95.
Huggett, J. (2020). Is Big Digital Data Different? Towards a New Archaeological Paradigm. Journal of Field Archaeology, 45(1), 8-17.
Huggett, J. (2020b). Capturing the Silences in Digital Archaeological Knowledge. Information, 11(278), 1-20.
Huvila, I. (2018). Introduction. I. Huvila (Ed.), Archaeology and Archaeological Information in the Digital Society (s. 1-13) içinde. Routledge.
Jones, I. W. N. ve Levy, E. (2018). Cyber-archaeology and Grand Narratives: Where Do We Currently Stand?. T. E. Levy ve I. W. N. Jones (Ed.), Cyber- Archaeology and Grand Narratives: Digital Technology and Deep-Time Perspectives on Culture Change in the Middle East (s. 1-17) içinde. Springer.
Kennedy, P. (2009). Büyük Güçlerin Yükseliş ve Çöküşleri. ( B. Karanakçı, Çev.). Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
Kumar, A. ve Sharma, K. (2021). Digital Transformation and Emerging Technologies for COVID-19 Pandemic: Social, Global, and Industry Perspectives. F. Al-Turjman (Ed.), Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for COVID-19 (s. 73-96) içinde. Springer.
Lambers, K. (2018). Airborne and Spaceborne Remote Sensing and Digital Image Analysis in Archaeology. C. Siart, M. Forbriger ve O. Bubenzer (Ed.), Digital Geoarchaeology: New Techniques for Interdisciplinary Human-Environmental Research (s. 109-122) içinde. Springer.
Lane, P. J. (2008). The Use of Ethnography in Landscape Archaeology. B. David ve J. Thomas (Ed.), Handbook of Landscape Archaeology (s. 237-244) içinde. Routledge.
Lasaponara, R. ve Masini, N. (2012). Remote Sensing in Archaeology: From Visual Data Interpretation to Digital Data Manipulation. R. Lasaponara ve N. Masini (Ed.), Satellite Remote Sensing A New Tool for Archaeology (s. 3-16) içinde. Springer.
Leisz, S. J. (2013). An Overview of the Application of Remote Sensing to Archaeology During the Twentieth Century. D. C. Comer ve M. J. Harrower (Ed.), Mapping Archaeological Landscapes from Space (s. 11-19) içinde. Springer.
Levine, M. N. ve Badillo, A. E. (2021). Why Digital Archaeology? A Case Study from Monte Albán, Oaxaca. SAA archaeological record, 21(4), 21-29.
Lock, G. (2003). Using Computers in Archaeology: Towards virtual pasts. Routledge.
Mak, B. (2014). Archaeology of a Digitization. Journal of The Association for Information Science and Technology, 65(8), 1515-1526.
Motz, C. F. (2016). Sangro Valley and the Five (Paperless) Seasons: Lessons on Building Effective Digital Recording Workflows for Archaeological Fieldwork. E. W. Averett, J. M. Gordon ve D. B. Counts (Ed.), Mobilizing the Past for a Digital Future: The Potential of Digital Archaeology (s. 77- 109) içinde. TThe Digital Press.
Nazaretyan, A. P. (2010). Beyond Ideologies: The Meaning of Life in the Historical and Psychological Perspective. Psychology in Russia: State of the Art, Vol 3, 581-610.
Olivito, R., Taccola, E. ve Albertini, N. (2016). Cultural Heritage and Digital Technologies. M. Forte ve S. Campana (Ed.), Digital Methods and Remote Sensing in Archaeology: Archaeology in the Age of Sensing (s. 475-494) içinde. Springer.
Palmer, M. (2014). Industrial Archaeology. C. Smith (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology (s. 3853-3862) içinde. Springer.
Parcak, S. H. (2009). Satellite Remote Sensing for Archaeology. Routledge.
Perry, S. ve Taylor, S. (2018). Theorising the Digital: A Call to Action for the Archaeological Community. M. Matsumoto ve E. Uleberg (Ed.), Oceans of Data Proceedings of the 44th Conference on Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology (s. 11-22) içinde. Archaeopress.
Petersson, B. (2018). From storing to storytelling – archaeological museums and digitisation. I. Huvila (Ed.), Archaeology and Archaeological Information in the Digital Society (s. 70-105) içinde. Routledge.
Pollock, S., Bernbeck, R. ve Appel, L. (2020). Special Section Are All Things Created Equal? The Incidental in Archaeology. CAJ, 30(1), 141–149.
Raczkowski, W. (2014). Aerial Archaeology. C. Smith (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology (s. 33- 38) içinde. Springer.
Rabinowitz, A. (2016). Response: Mobilizing (Ourselves) for a Critical Digital Archaeology. E. W. Averett, J. M. Gordon ve D. B. Counts (Ed.), Mobilizing the Past for a Digital Future: The Potential of Digital Archaeology (s. 493-520) içinde. The Digital Press.
Renfrew, C. ve Bahn, P. (2020). Archaeology: Theories, Methods and Practice. (Eight Edition). Thames & Hudson.
Sarris, A., Kalaycı, T. ve Moffat, I. (2018). An Introduction to Geophysical and Geochemical Methods in Digital Geoarchaeology. C. Siart, M. Forbriger ve O. Bubenzer (Ed.), Digital Geoarchaeology: New Techniques for Interdisciplinary Human- Environmental Research (s. 215-236) içinde. Springer.
Schiffer, M. B. (2013). The Archaeology of Science: Studying the Creation of Useful Knowledge. Springer.
Schoueri, K. M. G. (2020). A Very Short Introduction to Digital Archaeology. Notandum, 23(54), 143-156.
Schwab, K. ve Malleret, T. (2020). Covid-19: The Great Reset. Forum Publishing.
Sharma, P. (2021). Coronavirus News, Markets and Ai: The COVID-19 Diaries. Routledge.
Snooks, G. D. (1996). The Dynamic Society. Exploring the Sources of Global Change. Routledge.
Snooks, G. D. (2005). The Origin of Life on Earth: A New General Dynamic Theory. Advances in Space Research, 36(2), 226-234.
Stenborg, P. (2018). On the potentials and limitations of digital mediation of archaeological information. I. Huvila (Ed.), Archaeology and Archaeological Information in the Digital Society (s. 106- 121) içinde. Routledge.
Tanasi, D. (2020). The digital (within) archaeology. Analysis of a phenomenon. The Historian, Routledge. 1-15.
Ur, J. A. (2013). CORONA Satellite Imagery and Ancient Near Eastern Landscapes. D. C. Comer ve M. J. Harrower (Ed.), Mapping Archaeological Landscapes from Space (s. 21-31) içinde. Springer.
Verhagen, P. (2018). Spatial Analysis in Archaeology: Moving into New Territories. C. Siart, M. Forbriger ve O. Bubenzer (Ed.), Digital Geoarchaeology: New Techniques for Interdisciplinary Human- Environmental Research (s. 11-25) içinde. Springer.
Wallrodt, J. (2016). Why Paperless: Technology and Changes in Archaeological Practice, 1996–2016. E. W. Averett, J. M. Gordon ve D. B. Counts (Ed.), Mobilizing the Past for a Digital Future: The Potential of Digital Archaeology (s. 33-50) içinde. The Digital Press.
Walsh, J. P. (2015). Purposeful Ephemera: The Implications of Self-Destructing Space Technology for the Future Practice of Archaeology. B. L. O’Leary ve P.J. Capelotti (Ed.), Archaeology and Heritage of the Human Movement into Space (s. 75- 90) içinde. Springer.
Watrall, E. (2016). Archaeology, the Digital Humanities, and the Big Tent. M. K. Gold ve L. F. Klein (Ed.), Debates in the Digital Humanities 2016 (s. 345- 358) içinde. University of Minnesota Press.
Wheatley, D. ve Gillings, M. (2002). Spatial Technology and Archaeology: The archaeological applications of GIS. Taylor & Francis.
Zizek, S. (2020). Pandemic! COVID-19 Shakes the World. OR Books.
Zubrow, E. B. W. (2006). Digital archaeology: a historical context. T. L. Evans ve P. Daly (Ed.), Digital Archaeology: Bridging method and theory (s. 8-26) içinde. Routledge.

TOWARDS A PAPERLESS ARCHAEOLOGY

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 28, 105 - 128, 31.12.2023

Serdar Özbilen

https://doi.org/10.22520/tubaked.1290280

Öz

In the scientific process, which has progressed very slowly and cumulatively from the Middle Ages to the present, current developments are advancing so suddenly and rapidly that they cannot follow each other. Human beings try to find ways to make their life easier by foreseeing the future within these possibilities. Even in the Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh, we can see humanity’s struggles for a better life. In fact, this understanding has continued to exist in utopian novels. The ideal understanding of government in Plato’s “The State”, T. More’s “Utopia”, the Genoese Captain’s voyage in the “Land of the Sun” by Thoma Campanella, the voyage of European sailors in Francis Bacon’s “New Atlantis” we can see hints of these in many books that we can reproduce. As George Orwell said in 1984, “whoever controls the past controls the future”, based on the word, archaeology is one of the branches of science that aims to leave a better livable world to future generations by analyzing the past. As seen in every branch of science, archaeology has some goals and problems. Archaeology takes its main method from the “thing” we describe as “digging”. This includes almost as many different methods as the number of archaeologists in the world. In this regard, today’s rapidly advancing technology has made it possible to integrate digital systems into archaeological studies. We started our study by giving place to the triggering of the digital systems by the COVID-19, which erupted around the world, and the chronological course of the digital systems in the development of human history. Thus, our study became a more theoretical framework. Our main aim in our study is to determine the usage areas of digital systems in archaeology and the way covered in this field, and to encourage the interest of the related reader.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Digital Archaeology, Remote Sensing, GIS, LIDAR, 3D

Kaynakça

Alderdenfer, M. (1996). Introduction. Aldenderfer ve H. D. G. Maschner (Ed.), Anthropology, Space, and Geographic Information Systems içinde (s. 3-18), Oxford University Press.
Allam, Z. (2020). Cities and the Digital Revolution: Aligning technology and humanity. Palgrave Macmillan.
Appadurai A. (1996). Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization. University of Minnesota Press.
Auschner, E., Heithsch, J. ve Paola, Z. (2022). Between declarations of war and praying for help: analyzing heads of states’ speeches from a cross-cultural point of view. J. C. Pollock ve D. A. Vakoch (Ed.), COVID-19 in International Media: Global Pandemic Perspectives (s. 33-43) içinde. Routledge.
Balandier, G. (2019). Büyük Rahatsızlık. (D. Çetinkasap, Çev.). Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
Balandier, G. (2021). Sahnelenen İktidar. (Ö. Karakaş, Çev.). Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
Banning, E. B. (2020). Spatial sampling. M. Gillings. P. Hacıgüzeller ve G. Lock (Ed.), Archaeological Spatial Analysis: A Methodological Guide (s. 41- 59) içinde. Routledge.
Bano, N., Batool, F. ve Bin-Jumah, M. N. (2021). Introduction to COVID-19. M. Z. Ul-Haq, M. N. Bin-Jumah, S. I. Alothman ve H. A. Henidi (Ed.), Alternative Medicine Interventions for COVID-19 (s. 1-32) içinde. Springer.
Barcelo, J. A. (2009). Computational Intelligence in Archaeology. Information Science Reference.
Bates, L. A., Bollwerk, E. A. ve Galle, J. E. (2020). Archaeological Data in the Cloud: Collaboration and Accessibility with the Digital Archaeological Archive of Comparative Slavery (DAACS). J. W. Crowder, M. Fortun, R. Besara ve L. Poirier (Ed.), Anthropological Data in the Digital Age: New Possibilities – New Challenges (s. 85- 107) içinde. Palgrave Macmillan.
Binford, S. R. ve Binford, L. R. (1968). New Perspectives in Archaeology. Aldine Publishing Company.
Bobba, G. ve Hube, N. (2021). COVID-19 and Populism: A Sui Generis Crisis. G. Bobba ve N. Hube (Ed.), Populism and the Politicization of the COVID-19 Crisis in Europe (s. 1-16) içinde. Palgrave Macmillan.
Bohan, E. (2022). Future Superhuman: Our Transhuman Lives in a Make- or - Break Century. NewSouth Publishing.
Bonotti, M. ve Zech, S. T. (2021). Recovering Civility during COVID-19. Palgrave Macmillan.
Börjesson, L. ve Huvila, I. (2018). Digital archaeological data for future knowledge-making. I. Huvila (Ed.), Archaeology and Archaeological Information in the Digital Society (s. 14-36) içinde. Routledge.
Bradley, M. (2006). Archaeological survey in a digital world. T. L. Evans ve P. Daly (Ed.), Digital Archaeology: Bridging method and theory (s. 29-42) içinde. Routledge.
Braidotti, R. (2016). Posthuman Critical Theory. D. Banerji ve M. R. Paranjape (Ed.), Critical Posthumanism and Planetary Futures (s. 13- 32) içinde. Springer.
Buccellati G. (2017). A Critique of Archaeological Reason: Structural, Digital and Philosophical Aspects of the Excavated Record. Cambridge University Press.
Capelotti, P. J. (2010). The Human Archaeology of Space: Lunar, Planetary and Interstellar Relics of Exploration. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers.
Capelotti, P. J. (2015). Mobile Artifacts in the Solar System and Beyond. B. L. O’Leary ve P.J. Capelotti (Ed.), Archaeology and Heritage of the Human Movement into Space (s. 49-59) içinde. Springer.
Caraher, W. (2016). Slow Archaeology: Technology, Efficiency, and Archaeological Work. E. W. Averett, J. M. Gordon ve D. B. Counts (Ed.), Mobilizing the Past for a Digital Future: The Potential of Digital Archaeology (s. 421-441) içinde. The University of North Dakota: The Digital Press.
Caron, J. F. (2021). A Sketch of the World After the COVID-19 Crisis: Essays on Political Authority, The Future of Globalization, and the Rise of China. Palgrave Macmillan.
Chapman, H. (2006). Landscape Archaeology and GIS. The History Press.
Cheetham, P. N. (2008). Noninvasive Subsurface Mapping Techniques, Satellite And Aerial Imagery In Landscape Archaeology. B. David ve J. Thomas (Ed.), Handbook of Landscape Archaeology (s. 562- 582) içinde. Routledge.
Chu, S. K. W. (2017). 21st Century Skills Development Through Inquiry-Based Learning: From Theory to Practice. Springer.
Comer, D. C. ve Harrower, M. J. (2013). Introduction: The History and Future of Geospatial and Space Technologies in Archaeology. D. C. Comer ve M. J. Harrower (Ed.), Mapping Archaeological Landscapes from Space (s. 1-8)içinde. Springer.
Comer, D. C. (2014). Aerial and Satellite Remote Sensing in Archaeology. C. Smith (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology (s. 29-33) içinde. Springer.
Conolly, J. (2008). Geographical Information Systems and Landscape Archaeology. B. David ve J. Thomas (Ed.), Handbook of Landscape Archaeology (s. 583- 595) içinde. Routledge.
De Groot, J. (2009). Consuming History: Historians and heritage in contemporary popular culture. Routledge.
Dell’Unto, N. (2016). Using 3D GIS Platforms to Analyse and Interpret the Past. M. Forte ve S. Campana (Ed.), Digital Methods and Remote Sensing in Archaeology: Archaeology in the Age of Sensing (s. 305- 322) içinde. Springer.
Dell’Unto, N. (2018). 3D models and knowledge production. I. Huvila (Ed.), Archaeology and Archaeological Information in the Digital Society (s. 54-69)içinde. Routledge.
Dell’Unto, N. (2020). The analytical role of 3D realistic computer graphics. M. Gillings, P. Hacıgüzeller ve G. Lock (Ed.), Archaeological Spatial Analysis: A Methodological Guide (s. 444-459) içinde. Routledge.
Evans, T. L. (2006). You, me and IT: the application of simple quantitative techniques in the examination of gender, identity and social reproduction in the Early to Middle Iron Age of northeastern France. T. L. Evans ve P. Daly (Ed.), Digital Archaeology: Bridging method and theory (s. 51-80) içinde. Routledge.
Forte, M. (2010). Introduction to Cyber-Archaeology. M. Forte (Ed.), Cyber-Archaeology (s. 9-13) içinde. Archaeopress.
Forte, M. (2014). Virtual Reality, Cyberarchaeology, Teleimmersive Archaeology. F. Remondino ve S. Campana (Ed.), 3D Recording and Modelling in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage Theory and best practices (s. 113-127) içinde. Archaeopress.
Franzen, S. (2020). Digital Transformations: Integrating Ethnographic Video into a Multimodal Platform. J. W. Crowder, M. Fortun, R. Besara ve L. Poirier (Ed.), Anthropological Data in the Digital Age: New Possibilities – New Challenges (s. 129-162) içinde. Palgrave Macmillan.
Gans, H. J. (2005). Popüler Kültür ve Yüksek Kültür. (E. O. İncirlioğlu, Çev.). YKY Yayınları.
Gauch, Jr., H. G. (2016). Bilimsel Yöntem. (İ. Yıldız, Çev.). Dipnot Yayınları.
Giardino, M. J. (2012). NASA Remote Sensing and Archaeology. R. Lasaponara ve N. Masini (Ed.), Satellite Remote Sensing A New Tool for Archaeology (s. 157-176) içinde. Springer.
Gordon, J., Averett, E. ve Counts, D. (2016). Mobile Computing in Archaeology: Exploring and Interpreting Current Practices. E. W. Averett, J. M. Gordon ve D. B. Counts (Ed.), Mobilizing the Past for a Digital Future: The Potential of Digital Archaeology (s. 1-30)içinde. The Digital Press.
Graves-Brown, P. (2014). Internet, Archaeology of the. C. Smith (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology (s. 4002-4006) içinde. Springer.
Gupta, N. (2020). Preparing archaeological data for spatial analysis. M. Gillings, P. Hacıgüzeller ve G. Lock (Ed.), Archaeological Spatial Analysis: A Methodological Guide (s. 17-40) içinde. Routledge.
Guldi, J. ve Armitage, D. (2016). Tarih Manifestosu. (S. Çağlayan, Çev.). Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
Hardt, M. ve Negri, A. (2000). Empire. Harvard University Press.
Harvey, D. (1994). The Condition of Postmodernity. Blackwell.
Hedberg, J. G. ve Stevenson, M. (2014). Breaking Away from Text, Time and Place. M. Gosper ve D. Ifenthaler (Ed.), Curriculum Models for the 21st Century: Using Learning Technologies in Higher Education (s. 17-33) içinde. Springer.
Hodder, I. (2016). Studies in Human-Thing Entanglement. Online at: https://www.ian-hodder. com/books/studies-human-thing-entanglement
Howland, M. D. (2018). 3D Recording in the Field: Style Without Substance?. T. E. Levy ve I. W. N. Jones (Ed.), Cyber-Archaeology and Grand Narratives: Digital Technology and Deep-Time Perspectives on Culture Change in the Middle East (s. 19-33) içinde. Springer.
Huchingson, J. E. (1997). Chaos and God’s Abundance: An Ontology of Variety in the Divine Life. Zygon, 32(4), 515-524.
Huggett, J. (2015). A Manifesto for an Introspective Digital Archaeology. Open Archaeology, 1, 86-95.
Huggett, J. (2020). Is Big Digital Data Different? Towards a New Archaeological Paradigm. Journal of Field Archaeology, 45(1), 8-17.
Huggett, J. (2020b). Capturing the Silences in Digital Archaeological Knowledge. Information, 11(278), 1-20.
Huvila, I. (2018). Introduction. I. Huvila (Ed.), Archaeology and Archaeological Information in the Digital Society (s. 1-13) içinde. Routledge.
Jones, I. W. N. ve Levy, E. (2018). Cyber-archaeology and Grand Narratives: Where Do We Currently Stand?. T. E. Levy ve I. W. N. Jones (Ed.), Cyber- Archaeology and Grand Narratives: Digital Technology and Deep-Time Perspectives on Culture Change in the Middle East (s. 1-17) içinde. Springer.
Kennedy, P. (2009). Büyük Güçlerin Yükseliş ve Çöküşleri. ( B. Karanakçı, Çev.). Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
Kumar, A. ve Sharma, K. (2021). Digital Transformation and Emerging Technologies for COVID-19 Pandemic: Social, Global, and Industry Perspectives. F. Al-Turjman (Ed.), Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for COVID-19 (s. 73-96) içinde. Springer.
Lambers, K. (2018). Airborne and Spaceborne Remote Sensing and Digital Image Analysis in Archaeology. C. Siart, M. Forbriger ve O. Bubenzer (Ed.), Digital Geoarchaeology: New Techniques for Interdisciplinary Human-Environmental Research (s. 109-122) içinde. Springer.
Lane, P. J. (2008). The Use of Ethnography in Landscape Archaeology. B. David ve J. Thomas (Ed.), Handbook of Landscape Archaeology (s. 237-244) içinde. Routledge.
Lasaponara, R. ve Masini, N. (2012). Remote Sensing in Archaeology: From Visual Data Interpretation to Digital Data Manipulation. R. Lasaponara ve N. Masini (Ed.), Satellite Remote Sensing A New Tool for Archaeology (s. 3-16) içinde. Springer.
Leisz, S. J. (2013). An Overview of the Application of Remote Sensing to Archaeology During the Twentieth Century. D. C. Comer ve M. J. Harrower (Ed.), Mapping Archaeological Landscapes from Space (s. 11-19) içinde. Springer.
Levine, M. N. ve Badillo, A. E. (2021). Why Digital Archaeology? A Case Study from Monte Albán, Oaxaca. SAA archaeological record, 21(4), 21-29.
Lock, G. (2003). Using Computers in Archaeology: Towards virtual pasts. Routledge.
Mak, B. (2014). Archaeology of a Digitization. Journal of The Association for Information Science and Technology, 65(8), 1515-1526.
Motz, C. F. (2016). Sangro Valley and the Five (Paperless) Seasons: Lessons on Building Effective Digital Recording Workflows for Archaeological Fieldwork. E. W. Averett, J. M. Gordon ve D. B. Counts (Ed.), Mobilizing the Past for a Digital Future: The Potential of Digital Archaeology (s. 77- 109) içinde. TThe Digital Press.
Nazaretyan, A. P. (2010). Beyond Ideologies: The Meaning of Life in the Historical and Psychological Perspective. Psychology in Russia: State of the Art, Vol 3, 581-610.
Olivito, R., Taccola, E. ve Albertini, N. (2016). Cultural Heritage and Digital Technologies. M. Forte ve S. Campana (Ed.), Digital Methods and Remote Sensing in Archaeology: Archaeology in the Age of Sensing (s. 475-494) içinde. Springer.
Palmer, M. (2014). Industrial Archaeology. C. Smith (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology (s. 3853-3862) içinde. Springer.
Parcak, S. H. (2009). Satellite Remote Sensing for Archaeology. Routledge.
Perry, S. ve Taylor, S. (2018). Theorising the Digital: A Call to Action for the Archaeological Community. M. Matsumoto ve E. Uleberg (Ed.), Oceans of Data Proceedings of the 44th Conference on Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology (s. 11-22) içinde. Archaeopress.
Petersson, B. (2018). From storing to storytelling – archaeological museums and digitisation. I. Huvila (Ed.), Archaeology and Archaeological Information in the Digital Society (s. 70-105) içinde. Routledge.
Pollock, S., Bernbeck, R. ve Appel, L. (2020). Special Section Are All Things Created Equal? The Incidental in Archaeology. CAJ, 30(1), 141–149.
Raczkowski, W. (2014). Aerial Archaeology. C. Smith (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology (s. 33- 38) içinde. Springer.
Rabinowitz, A. (2016). Response: Mobilizing (Ourselves) for a Critical Digital Archaeology. E. W. Averett, J. M. Gordon ve D. B. Counts (Ed.), Mobilizing the Past for a Digital Future: The Potential of Digital Archaeology (s. 493-520) içinde. The Digital Press.
Renfrew, C. ve Bahn, P. (2020). Archaeology: Theories, Methods and Practice. (Eight Edition). Thames & Hudson.
Sarris, A., Kalaycı, T. ve Moffat, I. (2018). An Introduction to Geophysical and Geochemical Methods in Digital Geoarchaeology. C. Siart, M. Forbriger ve O. Bubenzer (Ed.), Digital Geoarchaeology: New Techniques for Interdisciplinary Human- Environmental Research (s. 215-236) içinde. Springer.
Schiffer, M. B. (2013). The Archaeology of Science: Studying the Creation of Useful Knowledge. Springer.
Schoueri, K. M. G. (2020). A Very Short Introduction to Digital Archaeology. Notandum, 23(54), 143-156.
Schwab, K. ve Malleret, T. (2020). Covid-19: The Great Reset. Forum Publishing.
Sharma, P. (2021). Coronavirus News, Markets and Ai: The COVID-19 Diaries. Routledge.
Snooks, G. D. (1996). The Dynamic Society. Exploring the Sources of Global Change. Routledge.
Snooks, G. D. (2005). The Origin of Life on Earth: A New General Dynamic Theory. Advances in Space Research, 36(2), 226-234.
Stenborg, P. (2018). On the potentials and limitations of digital mediation of archaeological information. I. Huvila (Ed.), Archaeology and Archaeological Information in the Digital Society (s. 106- 121) içinde. Routledge.
Tanasi, D. (2020). The digital (within) archaeology. Analysis of a phenomenon. The Historian, Routledge. 1-15.
Ur, J. A. (2013). CORONA Satellite Imagery and Ancient Near Eastern Landscapes. D. C. Comer ve M. J. Harrower (Ed.), Mapping Archaeological Landscapes from Space (s. 21-31) içinde. Springer.
Verhagen, P. (2018). Spatial Analysis in Archaeology: Moving into New Territories. C. Siart, M. Forbriger ve O. Bubenzer (Ed.), Digital Geoarchaeology: New Techniques for Interdisciplinary Human- Environmental Research (s. 11-25) içinde. Springer.
Wallrodt, J. (2016). Why Paperless: Technology and Changes in Archaeological Practice, 1996–2016. E. W. Averett, J. M. Gordon ve D. B. Counts (Ed.), Mobilizing the Past for a Digital Future: The Potential of Digital Archaeology (s. 33-50) içinde. The Digital Press.
Walsh, J. P. (2015). Purposeful Ephemera: The Implications of Self-Destructing Space Technology for the Future Practice of Archaeology. B. L. O’Leary ve P.J. Capelotti (Ed.), Archaeology and Heritage of the Human Movement into Space (s. 75- 90) içinde. Springer.
Watrall, E. (2016). Archaeology, the Digital Humanities, and the Big Tent. M. K. Gold ve L. F. Klein (Ed.), Debates in the Digital Humanities 2016 (s. 345- 358) içinde. University of Minnesota Press.
Wheatley, D. ve Gillings, M. (2002). Spatial Technology and Archaeology: The archaeological applications of GIS. Taylor & Francis.
Zizek, S. (2020). Pandemic! COVID-19 Shakes the World. OR Books.
Zubrow, E. B. W. (2006). Digital archaeology: a historical context. T. L. Evans ve P. Daly (Ed.), Digital Archaeology: Bridging method and theory (s. 8-26) içinde. Routledge.

Toplam 91 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	Türkçe
Konular	Kültürel çalışmalar
Bölüm	İnceleme Makalesi
Yazarlar	Serdar Özbilen 0000-0003-4061-5897
Yayımlanma Tarihi	31 Aralık 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi	30 Nisan 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2023 Sayı: 28

Kaynak Göster

APA	Özbilen, S. (2023). KÂĞITSIZ BİR ARKEOLOJİYE DOĞRU. TÜBA-KED Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Kültür Envanteri Dergisi(28), 105-128. https://doi.org/10.22520/tubaked.1290280

Kapak Resmi İndir

Makale Dosyaları

Tam Metin

Bu sistemin içeriği ve TÜBA-KED'de yayınlanan tüm makaleler "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0" altında lisanslanmıştır.