Araştırma Makalesi
Yıl 2022,
Cilt: 5 Sayı: 10, 147 - 156, 29.12.2022
Öz
Gender refers to inequalities produced over biological sexes. While biological inequalities cause some social inequalities to be produced, the concept of self-efficacy reveals that social expressions created through biological differences cause biological problems again. Individuals may be affected by gender inequalities and be involved in a number of interactions that may negatively affect their psychological well-being and physical health. In the literature, it is stated that women's health is negatively affected by gender inequalities. However, the aim of this study is to reveal that self-efficacy, which is a new psychologically based concept, can cause positive or negative effects in social life, which can be affected by gender inequality. In revealing this multi-faceted interaction, studies on self-efficacy and gender in the literature were used with a critical approach. In this compilation study, the relationships between the concept of self-efficacy were evaluated through the causes and consequences of gender inequalities.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Abramson, L. Y., Seligman, M. E. P., & Teasdale, J. D. (1978). Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformulation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 87, 49–74.
- B.J. Young (2000). Gender differences in student attitudes toward computers. Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 33, 204-216.
- Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: W.H. Freeman.
- Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
- Bandura, A. (1989). Human agency in social cognitive theory. American Psychologist, 44, 1175–1184.
- Bandura, A. (1995). Self-efficacy in changing societies. New York: Cambridge University.
- Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
- Beauvoir, de S. (2019). İkinci cinsiyet. (G. Savran, Çev.). İstanbul: Koç Üniversitesi Yay.
- Compton, D.M. , Burkett, W.H. & G.G. Burkett (2003). No difference in perceived competence of computer use among male and female college students in 2002 Psychological Reports, 92, 503-511
- Cooper, J. (2006). The digital divide: The special case of gender. Journal of computer assisted learning, 22, 320-334.
- Crain, W. (2000). Theories of development: Concepts and applications. (4th ed.). London: Prentice-Hall.
- DiClemente, C. C., Fairhurst, S. K., & Piotrowski, N. A. (1995). Self-efficacy and addictive behaviors. In J. E. Maddux (Ed.), Self-efficacy, adaptation, and adjustment: Theory, research, and application (pp. 109–142). New York: Plenum.
- Ecevit, Y. (2013). Emek. iç. Y. Ecevit ve N. Karkıner (Ed.), Toplumsal Cinsiyet Çalışmaları, Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayını, No.2312, 24-47. Günindi-Ersöz, A. (2016). Toplumsal cinsiyet sosyolojisi. İstanbul: Anı Yayınları.
- Hartman, R.L. and Barber, E.G. (2020). Women in the workforce: The effect of gender on occupational self-efficacy, work engagement and career aspirations, Gender in Management, 35(1),92-118.
- Hedges, L.V & Nowell, A. (1995). Sex Differences in Mental Test Scores and Number of High- scoring individuals, Science 269 (5220), 41-45. Huffman, A. H. , Whetten, J. ,Huffman, W. H. (2013). Using technology in higher education: The influence of gender roles on technology self-efficacy, Computers in Human Behavior,29. 4:1779-1786.
- Kottak, C. P. (2002). Antropoloji, Ankara: Ütopya Yayınları.
- Kutlu, Y. (2011). Kadının Madde Kullanımı ve Bağımlılığı. Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Dergisi , 2(2), 90-93.
- Maddux, J. E. (1995). Self-efficacy theory: An introduction. In J. E. Maddux (Ed.), Self-efficacy, adaptation, and adjustment: Theory, research, and application (pp. 3–36). New York: Plenum.
- Maddux, J. E. (2009). Self-efficacy: The power of believing you can. In S. J. Lopez & C. R. Snyder (Eds.), Oxford handbook of positive psychology (pp.335–343). Oxford University Press.
- Maddux, J. E., & Meier, L. J. (1995). Self-efficacy and depression. In J. E. Maddux (Ed.), Self-efficacy, adaptation, and adjustment: Theory, research, and application (pp. 143–169). New York: Plenum.
- Maddux, J. E., Brawley, L., & Boykin, A. (1995). Self-efficacy and healthy decision-making: Protection, promotion, and detection. In J. E. Maddux (Ed.), Self-efficacy, adaptation, and adjustment: Theory, research, and application (pp. 173–202). New York: Plenum.
- McClelland, D. C., Atkinson, J. W., Clark, R. W., & Lowell, E. L. (1953). The achievement motive. New York: Appleton-Century-Croft.
- O’Leary, A., & Brown, S. (1995). Self-efficacy and the physiological stress response. In J. E. Maddux (Ed.), Self-efficacy, adaptation, and adjustment: Theory, research, and application (pp. 227–248). New York: Plenum.
- Oakley A. (1985). Sex, gender and society. Aldershot, Hants: Gower/Maurice Temple Smith.
- Rotter, J.B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs, 80(1, Whole No. 609).
- Russell, B. (1945). A history of Western philosophy. New York: Simon & Schuster.
- TUBİM (Türkiye Uyuşturucu ve Uyuşturucu Bağımlılığı İzleme Merkezi) (2011). EMCDDA 2011 Ulusal Raporu (2010 Verileri): Reitox Ulusal Temas Noktası. Türkiye: Yeni Gelişmeler, Trendler, Seçilmiş Konular Ankara http://www.narkotik.pol.tr/TUBIM/Documents/TURKIYE%20UYUSTURUCU%20RAPORU%202011.pdf
- Vessey, G. N. A. (1967). Volition. In P. Edwards (Ed.), Encyclopedia of philosophy (Vol. 8, pp. 258–260). New York: Macmillan Walby, S. (1986). Patriarchy at Work. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
- White, R. W. (1959). Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological Review, 66, 297–333.
- Williams, S. L. (1995). Self-efficacy, anxiety, and phobic disorders. In J. E. Maddux (Ed.), Self-efficacy, adaptation, and adjustment: Theory, research, and application (pp. 69–107). New York: Plenum.
- Yüceol, H.M. (2017). Kentsel işgücü piyasalarında işgücüne katılım zorlukları ve kadın istihdamı, Mersin Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü e-Dergi, 1(1), 49-63.
- Ziegler, S. M. (2005). Theory-directed nursing practice (2nd ed.). New York: Springer.
- Zulkosky, K. (2009). Self-efficacy:A concept analysis. Nursing Forum, 44 (2), 93-102.
Yıl 2022,
Cilt: 5 Sayı: 10, 147 - 156, 29.12.2022
Öz
Toplumsal cinsiyet, biyolojik cinsiyetler üzerinden üretilen eşitsizlikleri ifade etmektedir. Biyolojik eşitsizlikler toplumsal bir takım eşitsizliklerin üretilmesine neden olurken öz yeterlik kavramı, biyolojik farklılıklar üzerinden yaratılan toplumsal ifadelerin yeniden biyolojik bir takım sorunlara neden olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Birey, toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliklerinden etkilenerek psikolojik iyi oluş ve fiziksel sağlıklarına olumsuz yönde etki edebilecek bir takım etkileşimler içerisinde bulunabilmektedir. Literatürde kadın sağlığının toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliklerinden olumsuz yönde etkilendiği yer almaktadır. Ancak bu çalışma ile amaçlanan psikolojik temelli yeni bir kavramın olan öz yeterliğin de toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliğinden etkilenecek şekilde sosyal hayatta olumlu veya olumsuz bir takım sonuçlar doğurabilecek etkilere sebep olabileceğinin ortaya konulmasıdır. Bu çok yönlü etkileşimin ortaya konulmasında eleştirel yaklaşımla literatürde yer alan öz yeterlik ve toplumsal cinsiyet konulu çalışmalardan yararlanılmıştır. Derleme niteliğindeki bu çalışma ile toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliklerinin sebep ve sonuçları üzerinden öz yeterlik kavramı arasındaki ilişkiler değerlendirilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Abramson, L. Y., Seligman, M. E. P., & Teasdale, J. D. (1978). Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformulation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 87, 49–74.
- B.J. Young (2000). Gender differences in student attitudes toward computers. Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 33, 204-216.
- Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: W.H. Freeman.
- Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
- Bandura, A. (1989). Human agency in social cognitive theory. American Psychologist, 44, 1175–1184.
- Bandura, A. (1995). Self-efficacy in changing societies. New York: Cambridge University.
- Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
- Beauvoir, de S. (2019). İkinci cinsiyet. (G. Savran, Çev.). İstanbul: Koç Üniversitesi Yay.
- Compton, D.M. , Burkett, W.H. & G.G. Burkett (2003). No difference in perceived competence of computer use among male and female college students in 2002 Psychological Reports, 92, 503-511
- Cooper, J. (2006). The digital divide: The special case of gender. Journal of computer assisted learning, 22, 320-334.
- Crain, W. (2000). Theories of development: Concepts and applications. (4th ed.). London: Prentice-Hall.
- DiClemente, C. C., Fairhurst, S. K., & Piotrowski, N. A. (1995). Self-efficacy and addictive behaviors. In J. E. Maddux (Ed.), Self-efficacy, adaptation, and adjustment: Theory, research, and application (pp. 109–142). New York: Plenum.
- Ecevit, Y. (2013). Emek. iç. Y. Ecevit ve N. Karkıner (Ed.), Toplumsal Cinsiyet Çalışmaları, Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayını, No.2312, 24-47. Günindi-Ersöz, A. (2016). Toplumsal cinsiyet sosyolojisi. İstanbul: Anı Yayınları.
- Hartman, R.L. and Barber, E.G. (2020). Women in the workforce: The effect of gender on occupational self-efficacy, work engagement and career aspirations, Gender in Management, 35(1),92-118.
- Hedges, L.V & Nowell, A. (1995). Sex Differences in Mental Test Scores and Number of High- scoring individuals, Science 269 (5220), 41-45. Huffman, A. H. , Whetten, J. ,Huffman, W. H. (2013). Using technology in higher education: The influence of gender roles on technology self-efficacy, Computers in Human Behavior,29. 4:1779-1786.
- Kottak, C. P. (2002). Antropoloji, Ankara: Ütopya Yayınları.
- Kutlu, Y. (2011). Kadının Madde Kullanımı ve Bağımlılığı. Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Dergisi , 2(2), 90-93.
- Maddux, J. E. (1995). Self-efficacy theory: An introduction. In J. E. Maddux (Ed.), Self-efficacy, adaptation, and adjustment: Theory, research, and application (pp. 3–36). New York: Plenum.
- Maddux, J. E. (2009). Self-efficacy: The power of believing you can. In S. J. Lopez & C. R. Snyder (Eds.), Oxford handbook of positive psychology (pp.335–343). Oxford University Press.
- Maddux, J. E., & Meier, L. J. (1995). Self-efficacy and depression. In J. E. Maddux (Ed.), Self-efficacy, adaptation, and adjustment: Theory, research, and application (pp. 143–169). New York: Plenum.
- Maddux, J. E., Brawley, L., & Boykin, A. (1995). Self-efficacy and healthy decision-making: Protection, promotion, and detection. In J. E. Maddux (Ed.), Self-efficacy, adaptation, and adjustment: Theory, research, and application (pp. 173–202). New York: Plenum.
- McClelland, D. C., Atkinson, J. W., Clark, R. W., & Lowell, E. L. (1953). The achievement motive. New York: Appleton-Century-Croft.
- O’Leary, A., & Brown, S. (1995). Self-efficacy and the physiological stress response. In J. E. Maddux (Ed.), Self-efficacy, adaptation, and adjustment: Theory, research, and application (pp. 227–248). New York: Plenum.
- Oakley A. (1985). Sex, gender and society. Aldershot, Hants: Gower/Maurice Temple Smith.
- Rotter, J.B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs, 80(1, Whole No. 609).
- Russell, B. (1945). A history of Western philosophy. New York: Simon & Schuster.
- TUBİM (Türkiye Uyuşturucu ve Uyuşturucu Bağımlılığı İzleme Merkezi) (2011). EMCDDA 2011 Ulusal Raporu (2010 Verileri): Reitox Ulusal Temas Noktası. Türkiye: Yeni Gelişmeler, Trendler, Seçilmiş Konular Ankara http://www.narkotik.pol.tr/TUBIM/Documents/TURKIYE%20UYUSTURUCU%20RAPORU%202011.pdf
- Vessey, G. N. A. (1967). Volition. In P. Edwards (Ed.), Encyclopedia of philosophy (Vol. 8, pp. 258–260). New York: Macmillan Walby, S. (1986). Patriarchy at Work. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
- White, R. W. (1959). Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological Review, 66, 297–333.
- Williams, S. L. (1995). Self-efficacy, anxiety, and phobic disorders. In J. E. Maddux (Ed.), Self-efficacy, adaptation, and adjustment: Theory, research, and application (pp. 69–107). New York: Plenum.
- Yüceol, H.M. (2017). Kentsel işgücü piyasalarında işgücüne katılım zorlukları ve kadın istihdamı, Mersin Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü e-Dergi, 1(1), 49-63.
- Ziegler, S. M. (2005). Theory-directed nursing practice (2nd ed.). New York: Springer.
- Zulkosky, K. (2009). Self-efficacy:A concept analysis. Nursing Forum, 44 (2), 93-102.
Toplam 33 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 29 Aralık 2022 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 7 Eylül 2022 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2022 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 10 |
