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Circularity Performance of Türkiye: A Comparative Investigation with the European Union Countries

Yıl 2023, DÖNGÜSEL EKONOMİ VE SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİRLİK, 187 - 204, 05.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.51551/verimlilik.1110168

Öz

Purpose: This study aims to calculate the circularity performance of Türkiye, a negotiating candidate country, in terms of the indicators included in the monitoring framework of the Circular Economy by the European Commission. In line with this purpose, Türkiye’s circularity potential is revealed by comparing the evidence of the European Union (EU) countries.

Methodology: In the first stage, the circular development of Türkiye is examined in a comparison with descriptive style over the EU countries. In the second stage, the circular performance of the country is investigated and compared by means of a synthetic index (Index of National Economies Circularity-INEC) constructed within the framework of five basic indicators announced for Türkiye.

Findings: Both descriptive and index findings seem to be compatible. Although the empirical findings of the Index (INEC) suggest that Türkiye ranks behind the member countries in terms of the circularity performance in average, there appears to be an increase in favour of the country’s circularity during the period (2016-2018) examined.

Originality: In the literature, no study is found in which Türkiye’s circular potential and performance are investigated and compared with the EU countries through an index constructed based on the EU Circular Economy indicators. For this reason, it is considered that the original and widespread effects of the work are going to be significant.

Kaynakça

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Türkiye’nin Döngüsellik Performansı: Avrupa Birliği Ülkeleri ile Karşılaştırmalı Bir Araştırma

Yıl 2023, DÖNGÜSEL EKONOMİ VE SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİRLİK, 187 - 204, 05.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.51551/verimlilik.1110168

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışma, müzakereci aday ülke olan Türkiye’nin, Avrupa Komisyonu tarafından döngüsel ekonomiye ilişkin izlem çerçevesinde yer alan göstergeler açısından döngüsellik performansının hesaplanmasını amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Avrupa Birliği (AB) ülkeleri bulguları ile karşılaştırma yapılarak Türkiye’nin döngüsellik potansiyeli ortaya konulmaktadır.


Yöntem: İlk aşamada; AB ülkeleri karşısında Türkiye’nin döngüsellik gelişimi betimsel olarak karşılaştırılarak incelenmektedir. İkinci aşamada, AB döngüsel ekonomi göstergelerinden Türkiye için açıklanan beş temel gösterge çerçevesinde oluşturulan bir sentetik endeks (Ulusal Ekonomiler Döngüsellik Endeksi-INEC) vasıtasıyla ülkenin döngüsellik performansı araştırılmaktadır.

Bulgular: Betimsel ve endeks bulgularının birbiriyle uyumlu olduğu görülmektedir. Endeks (INEC) bulguları, Türkiye’nin döngüsellik performansında AB ortalamasının gerisinde kaldığına işaret etse de incelenen dönemde (2016-2018) ülkedeki döngüselliğin artışı lehine bir eğilim görülmektedir. Türkiye’nin; Birlik içinde 2018 yılı itibarıyla en düşük döngüsellik düzeyine sahip olan Malta, Güney Kıbrıs Rum Yönetimi ve Estonya’dan daha yüksek döngüsellik endeksine sahip olduğu hesaplanmıştır.

Özgünlük: Yazında, AB döngüsel ekonomi göstergeleri temelinde oluşturulan bir endeks vasıtasıyla Türkiye’nin döngüsellik performansının araştırıldığı ve AB ülkeleri ile karşılaştırmasının yapıldığı bir çalışmaya rastlanılmamıştır. Bu nedenle çalışmanın ilgili alandaki özgün ve yaygın etkisinin önemli olacağı düşünülmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Blomsma, F. ve Brennan, G. (2017). “The Emergence of Circular Economy: A New Framing Around Prolonging Resource Productivity”, Journal of Industrial Ecology, 21(3), 603-614.
  • Boulding, K. (1966). “The Economics of the Coming Spaceship Earth”, Environmental Quality in a Growing Economy—Essays from the Sixth RFF Forum, Editor: Jarrett, H., The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD, USA.
  • Braungart, M. ve McDonough, W. (2002). “Cradle to Cradle: Remaking the Way We Make Things”, North Point Press, New York.
  • Brennan, G., Tennant, M. ve Blomsma, F. (2015). “Business and Production Solutions: Closing Loops and the Circular Economy”, Sustainability (Editors: Kopnina, H. ve Shoreman-Ouimet, E.), Routledge: EarthScan, Londra, 219-239.
  • Buckminster Fuller, R. (1969). “Operating Manual for Spaceship Earth”, Southern Illinois University Press, USA.
  • Carson, R. (1962). “Silent Spring”, A Crest Reprint, Fawcett Publications, Inc., Greenwich, Conn. Member of American Book Publishers Council, Inc., https://library.uniteddiversity.coop/More_Books_and_Reports/Silent_Spring-Rachel_Carson-1962.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 17.04.2020).
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  • Circle Economy, (2020b). “The Power of Countries to Closa the Circularity Gap”, https://circularity-gap.world/countries, (Erişim Tarihi: 05.05.2020).
  • Circle Economy, (2021). “The Circularity Gap Report”, https://www.circularity-gap.world/2021, (Erişim Tarihi: 30.03.2022).
  • Commoner, B. (1971). “The Closing Circle: Nature, Man, and Technology”, Alfred A. Knopf, New York.
  • Eco-Innovation Observatory (EIO), (2016). “Policies and Practices for Eco-innovation Uptake and Circular Economy Transition”, EIO Bi-annual Report, https://www.pac.gr/bcm/uploads/eio_2016_report_small.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 07.08.2020).
  • Elia, V., Grazia Gnoni, M. ve Tornese, F. (2017). “Measuring Circular Economy Strategies Through Index Methods: A Critical Analysis”, Journal of Cleaner Production, 142(4), 2741-2751.
  • Ellen MacArthur Foundation, (2015). “Towards a Circular Economy: Business Rationale for an Accelerated Transition”, https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/assets/downloads/TCE_Ellen-MacArthur-Foundation_9-Dec-2015.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 07.04.2020).
  • European Commission (EC), (2008). “Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on Waste and Repealing Certain Directives”, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32008L0098&from=EN, (Erişim Tarihi:07.08.2020).
  • European Commission (EC), (2015). “Closing the Loop—An EU Action Plan for the Circular Economy (COM/2015/0614 final)”, https://www.eea.europa.eu/policy-documents/com-2015-0614-final, (Erişim Tarihi: 10.04.2020).
  • European Commission (EC), (2017). “Guidance on Municipal Waste Data Collection”, Eurostat - Unit E2 - Environmental Statistics and Accounts; Sustainable Developmant, May 2017, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/342366/351811/Municipal+Waste+guidance/bd38a449-7d30-44b6-a39f-8a20a9e67af2, (Erişim Tarihi: 30.05.2022).
  • European Commission (EC), (2019). “Circular Economy”, DG GROW, https://ec.europa.eu/growth/industry/sustainability/circular-economy_en, (Erişim Tarihi: 07.08.2020).
  • European Commision (EC), (2020). “Circular Economy Action Plan”, https://ec.europa.eu/environment/circular-economy/pdf/new_circular_economy_action_plan.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 22.11.2020).
  • European Union (EU), (2020). “Fasıl 27: Çevre ve İklim Değişikliği”, Avrupa Birliği’nin Çevre ve İklim Değişikliği Politikası, https://www.ab.gov.tr/fasil-27-cevre_92.html, (Erişim Tarihi: 28.09.2020).
  • Eurostat, (2021). “Atıkla İlgili Göstergeler”, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/waste/data/indicators, (Erişim Tarihi: 10.05.2021).
  • Eurostat, (2022a). “Circular Economy-Overview”, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/circular-economy, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.03.2022).
  • Eurostat, (2022b). “Circular Economy-Indicators”, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/circular-economy/indicators, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.03.2022).
  • Eurostat, (2022c). “Circular Economy Indicators”, Production and Consumption, Generation of Municipal Waste Per Capita, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/cei_pc031/default/table?lang=en, (Erişim Tarihi: 02.03.2022).
  • Eurostat, (2022d). “Database”, Tables by Themes, Population (National Level), Population 1 January, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tps00001/default/table?lang=en, (Erişim Tarihi: 04.03.2022).
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  • Ghisellini, P., Cialani, C. ve Ulgiati, S. (2016). “A Review on Circular Economy: the Expected Transition to a Balanced Interplay of Environmental and Economic Systems”, Journal of Cleaner Production, 114, 11-32.
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  • Jawahir, I.S. ve Bradley, R. (2016). Technological Elements of Circular Economy and The Principles of 6R-Based Closed-Loop Material Flow in Sustainable Manufacturing”, Procedia CIRP, 40(1), 103-108.
  • Kasztelan, A. (2020). “How Circular Are the European Economies? A Taxonomic Analysis Based on the INEC (Index of National Economies’ Circularity)”, Sustainability, 12(18), 7613. Doi: 10.3390/su12187613.
  • King, A.M., Burgess, S.C., Ijomah, W. ve McMahon, C.A. (2006). “Reducing Waste: Repair, Recondition, Remanufacture or Recycle?”, Sustainable Development, 14(4), 257-267. Doi: 10.1002/sd.271.
  • Kirchherr, J., Reike, D. ve Hekkert, M. (2017). “Conceptualizing the Circular Economy: An Analysis of 114 Definitions”, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 127, 221-232.
  • Lieder, M. ve Rashid, A. (2016). “Towards Circular Economy Implementation: A Comprehensive Review in Context of Manufacturing Industry”, Journal of Cleaner Production, 115, 36-51.
  • Mann Borgese, E. (1988). “The Mediterranean Blue Plan: Some Furter Comments”, Environmental Conservation, 15(2), 179-180, Cambrige University Press. Doi: 10.1017/S0376892900029052.
  • Moraga, G., Huysveld, S., Mathieux, F., Blengini, G.A., Alaerts, L., Van Acker, K., De Meester, S. ve Dewulf, J. (2019). “Circular Economy Indicators: What Do They Measure?”, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 146, 452- 461, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092134491930151X. Doi: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.03.045.
  • Neugebauer, S., Martinez-Blanco, J., Scheumann, R. ve Finkbeeiner, M. (2015). “Enhancing the Practical Implementation of Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment-Proposal of a Tiered Approach”, Journal of Cleaner Production, 102, 165-176. Doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.04.053.
  • Núñez-Cacho, P., Górecki, J., Molina, V. ve Corpas-Iglesias, F.A. (2018). “New Measures of Circular Economy Thinking in Construction Companies”, Journal of EU Research in Business. Doi: 10.5171/2018.909360.
  • Okorie, O., Salonitis, K., Charnley, F., Moreno, M., Turner, C. ve Tiwari, A. (2018). “A Data-Driven Approaches for Circular Economy in Manufacturing for Digital Technologies: A Review of Current Research and Proposed Framework”, Preprints, 2018080159. Doi: 10.20944/preprints201808.0159.v1.
  • Organisation Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), (2019). “OECD Çevresel Performans İzlemeleri: Türkiye 2019”, https://www.oecd.org/env/country-reviews/Highlights-Turkiye-2019-TURKISH-WEB.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 04.03.2022).
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  • Plastinina, I., Teslyuk, L., Dukmasova, N. ve Pikalova, E. (2019). “Implementation of Circular Economy Principles in Regional Solid Municipal Waste Management: The Case of Sverdlovskaya Oblast (Russian Federation)”, Resources, 8(2), 90. Doi: 10.3390/resources8020090.
  • Potting, J., Hekkert, M.P., Worrell, E. ve Hanemaaijer, A. (2017). “Circular Economy: Measuring Innovation in the Product Chain”, 2544, PBL Publishers, Hague.
  • Sady, M. (2016). “Understanding the Concept of Circular Economy”, Challenges for Contemporary Management, Editors: Trifonova, N.V., Teczke, J.ve Bula, P., International Management Foundation, Cracow-Saint Petersburg.
  • Sayın, F. (2020). “Giriş Yerine: Döngüsel Ekonomiye Doğru”, Döngüsel Ekonomi-Makro ve Mikro İncelemeler, Editör: Sayın, F., Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, Ankara, 1-15.
  • Sayın, F. ve Çelik, O. (2020). “Döngüsel Ekonomi Perspektifinde Eko-inovasyon: Türkiye ve Avrupa Birliği Ülkeleri Karşılaştırmalı Analizi”, Ekonomik ve Teknolojik Değişim Sürecinde İnovasyon, Editör: Muratoğlu, G., Gazi Kitabevi, Ankara, 523-556.
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  • Utkulu, U. ve Türköz, K. (2020). “Döngüsel Ekonomiye Geçiş Sürecinin Uluslararası Ticarete Yansımaları: Türkiye Örneği”, Döngüsel Ekonomi-Makro ve Mikro İncelemeler, Editör: Sayın, F., Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, Ankara, 113-142.
  • Van Buren, N., Demmers, M., der Heijden, R.V. ve Witlox, F. (2016). “Towards a Circular Economy: The Role of Dutch Logistics Industries and Governments”, Sustainability, 8(7), 647. http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/8/7/647, (Erişim Tarihi: 11.10.2019).
Toplam 64 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Ferhan Sayın 0000-0003-1209-7113

Utku Utkulu 0000-0002-8419-0598

Yayımlanma Tarihi 5 Ocak 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 29 Nisan 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 DÖNGÜSEL EKONOMİ VE SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİRLİK

Kaynak Göster

APA Sayın, F., & Utkulu, U. (2023). Türkiye’nin Döngüsellik Performansı: Avrupa Birliği Ülkeleri ile Karşılaştırmalı Bir Araştırma. Verimlilik Dergisi187-204. https://doi.org/10.51551/verimlilik.1110168

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22408  Verimlilik Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayrıTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY-NC 4.0) ile lisanslanmıştır.