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Life satisfaction, care burden and burnout of the individuals who have a caregiver service to the elderly at home

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 19 - 39, 09.07.2017

Öz

This study was conducted to determine the factors affecting the life satisfaction, care giving burden and exhaustion of the elderly care service individuals. Within the scope of the research, 209 voluntary individuals providing elderly care services at home were taken. Individuals were assessed by the "Life Satisfaction Scale", "Caregiver Burden Scale", and "Maslach Burnout Inventory (MTE)". As a result of the research, the life satisfaction of the care giving individual is 60,12%; time-dependency load 53.57%; developmental load was 43.09%; physical load 35,35%; social burden was found to be 24.93% and emotional load was found to be 15.72%. Caregivers experience 50% burnout. There was a strong relationship between life satisfaction (p<0.051) and care giving burden (r=0.683, p<0.01). As the maintenance load increases, burnout increases; maintenance burden causes emotional exhaustion (r=0.785, p<0.01) and depersonalization (r=0.483, p<0.01)

Kaynakça

  • Bakker, A.B., Demerouti, E. & Verbeke, W. (2004). Using the job demands resources model to predict burnout and performance. Human Resource Management, 43(1), 83-104. doi: 10.1002/hrm. 20004.
  • Balducci, C., Mnich, E., McKee, K.J., Lamura, G., Beckmann, A., Krevers, B., Wojszel, Z.B., Nolan, M., Prouskas, C., Bien, B. & Oberg, B. (2008). Negative impact and positive value in caregiving: validation of the COPE index in a six-country sample of carers. Gerontologist, 48(3), 276-286.
  • Baltayan, A.O. (2012). Yaşlı Hastalara Bakım Veren Kadınların Bakım Yüklerinin ve Yaşam Kalitelerinin İncelenmesi. İstanbul Arel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Psikoloji Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul.
  • Boykin, A. & Winland-Brown, J. (1995). The dark side of caring: challenges of caregiving. J Gerontol Nurs, 21: 13-18.
  • Brodaty, H. (2000). Alzheimer Hastalığında İlaç Tedavisi ve Aileler. Alzheimer Hastalığının Farmakoterapisi. Ankara: Yelkovan Yayıncılık.
  • Brodsky, J., Naon, D., Resnizky, S., Ben Noon, S., Morginstin, B., Graa, R., et al. (2004). Recipients of long-term care insurance benefits: Characteristics, formal and informal assistance patterns and unmet needs (DM-441-04). Jerusalem, Israel: Brookdale Institute.
  • Butler, S.S., Turner, W., Kaye, L.W., Ruffin, L. & Downey, R. (2005). Depression and caregiver burden among rural elder caregivers. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 46(1), 47-63. doi: 10.1300/J083v46n01_04
  • Carter, R. (1994). Helping Yourself Help Others: A Book for Caregivers. New York: Times Books, Random House. (p. 130-133).
  • Chu, P., Edwards, J., Levin R., & Thompson, J. (2000). The use of clinical case management for early stage Alzheimer’s patients and their families. American Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias, 15, 284-290.
  • Cocco, E., Gatti, M., de Mendonça Lima, C.A. & Camus, V. (2003). A comparative study of stress and burnout among staff caregivers in nursing homes and acute geriatric wards. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 18:78-85. doi: 10.1002/gps.800
  • Çapri, B. (2006). Tükenmişlik ölçeğinin Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(1), 62-77.
  • Day, J.R. & Anderson, R.A. (2011). Compassion fatigue: An application of the concept to informal caregivers of family members with dementia. Nursing Research and Practice, 2011, 1-10. doi:10.1155/2011/408024
  • Day, J.R., Ruth, A.A. & Davis, L.L. (2014). Compassion fatigue in adult daughter caregivers of a parent with dementia. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 35(10), 796–804. doi:10.3109/01612840. 2014.917133.
  • Deeken, J.F., Taylor, K.L., Mangan, P., Yabroff, K.R. & Ingham, J.M. (2003). Care for the caregivers: a review of self-report instruments developed to measure the burden, needs, and quality of life of informal caregivers. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 26(4), 922-953. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0885-3924(03)00327-0
  • Dew, M.A., Roth, L.H., Schulberg, H.C., Simmons, R.G., Kormos, R.L., Trzepacz, P.T. & Griffith, B.P. (1996). Prevalence and predictors of depression and anxiety-related disorders during the year after heart transplantation. Gen Hosp Psychiatr,18(6), 48S-61S.
  • Dew, M.A., Myaskovsky, L., DiMartini, A.F., Switzer, G.E., Schulberg, H.C. & Kormos, R.L. (2004). Onset, timing and risk for depression and anxiety in family caregivers to heart transplant recipients. Psychol Med, 34(6),1065-1082.
  • Diener, E., Emmons, R.A., Larsen, R.J. & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75.
  • Dillehay, R.C. & Sandys, M.R. (1990). Caregivers for Alzheimer’s patients: What we are learning from research. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 30(4): 263–285. Dramalı, A., Demir, F. & Yavuz, M. (1998). Evde kronik hastaya bakım veren hasta yakınlarının karşılaştıkları sorunlar. I. Ulusal Evde Bakım Kongresi, 24-26 Eylül, İstanbul. (s.187-195).
  • Erdem, M. (2005). Yaşlıya bakım verme. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(3), 101-106.
  • Faria, H.S. (1998). Through the eyes of a family caregiver: perceived problems. Home Care Provid, 3, 221-225.
  • Farran, C.J., Horton-Deutsch, S.L., Loukissa, D. & Johnson, L. (1998). Psychiatric home care of elderly persons with depression: Unmet caregiver needs. Home Health Care Service Q, 16, 57-73.
  • Grunfeld, E., Glossop, R., McDowell, I. & Danbrook, C. (1997). Caring for elderly people at home: the consequences to caregivers. Canadian Medical Association, 157(8), 1101-1105.
  • Hanyok, L. A., Finucane, T., Carrese, J., & Mullaney, J. (2009). Potential caregivers for homebound elderly: more numerous than supposed? Journal of Family Practice, 58 (7), E1-6.
  • Işık, K. (2013). Yaşlı Hastaya Evde Bakım Verenlerin Yaşam Doyumları ile Bakım Yükleri Arasındaki İlişki ve Etkileyen Faktörler. İnönü Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Malatya.
  • Judge, K.S., Cho, K., Gagnon, D., Driver, J.A., Kosik, N., Lanes, S., & Lawler, E. (2011). Partners in dementia care: A care coordination intervention for individuals with dementia and their family caregivers. The Gerontologist, 51 (2), 261-272.
  • Katz, S., Ford, A.B., Moskowitz, R.W., Jackson, B.A. & Jaffe, M.W. (1963). Studies of illness in the aged. The Index of ADL: A standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function. JAMA, 185, 914-919.
  • Kim, H., Chang, M., Rose, K. & Kim, S. (2012). Predictors of caregiver burden in caregivers of individuals with dementia. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 68(4), 846-855. doi: 10.1111/j. 1365-2648.2011.05787.x
  • Kong, E.H. (2008). Family caregivers of older people in nursing homes. Asian Nursing Research, 2(4), 195-207. doi.org/10.1016/S1976-1317(09)60001-3
  • Kuuppelomaki, M., Sasaki, A., Yamada, K., Asakawa, N. & Shimanouchi, S. (2004). Family carers for older relatives: Sources of satisfaction and related factors in Finland. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 41(5), 497-505. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2003.11.004
  • Lecovich, E. (2008). Caregiving burden, community services, and quality of life of primary caregivers of frail elderly persons. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 27(3), 309-330.
  • Lin, P.C. & Lu, C.M. (2005). Hip fracture: family caregivers' burden and related factors for older people in Taiwan. J Clin Nurs,14(6), 719-726.
  • Lopez-Hartmann, M., Wens, J., Verhoeven, V. & Remmen, R. (2012). The effect of caregiver support interventions for informal caregivers of community-dwelling frail elderly: A systematic review. Int Journal Integrated Care, 12: 1-16. URN:NBN:NL:UI:10-1-113108 / ijic2012-133.
  • Maslach, C. & Jackson, S.E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2, 99-113. doi:10.1002/job.4030020205
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YAŞLIYA EVDE BAKIM HİZMETİ VEREN BİREYLERDE YAŞAM DOYUMU, BAKIM YÜKÜ VE TÜKENMİŞLİK

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 19 - 39, 09.07.2017

Öz

Bu çalışma
yaşlıya bakım hizmeti veren bireylerin yaşam doyumu, bakım verme yükü ve
tükenmişliğini etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma
kapsamına evde yaşlı bakım hizmeti veren 209 gönüllü birey alınmıştır. Bireylere
“Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği (YDÖ)”, “Bakım Verenlerin Yükü Ölçeği (BYÖ)” ve “Maslach Tükenmişlik Envanteri (MTE)” uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda
bakım veren bireyin yaşam doyumu % 60,12;  zaman-bağımlılık yükü %  53,57; gelişimsel yük % 43,09; fiziksel yük %
35,35; sosyal yük % 24,93 ve duygusal yük % 15,72 bulunmuştur.  Bakım verenler % 50 düzeyinde tükenmişlik
yaşamaktadırlar. Yaşam doyumu (p<0.051) ve bakım verme yükü ile tükenmişlik
arasında güçlü bir ilişki vardır (r=0.683, p<0.01). Bakım yükü arttıkça
tükenmişlik artmakta; bakım yükü duygusal tükenmeye (r=0.785, p<0.01) ve
duyarsızlaşmaya (r=0.483, p<0.01) neden olmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Bakker, A.B., Demerouti, E. & Verbeke, W. (2004). Using the job demands resources model to predict burnout and performance. Human Resource Management, 43(1), 83-104. doi: 10.1002/hrm. 20004.
  • Balducci, C., Mnich, E., McKee, K.J., Lamura, G., Beckmann, A., Krevers, B., Wojszel, Z.B., Nolan, M., Prouskas, C., Bien, B. & Oberg, B. (2008). Negative impact and positive value in caregiving: validation of the COPE index in a six-country sample of carers. Gerontologist, 48(3), 276-286.
  • Baltayan, A.O. (2012). Yaşlı Hastalara Bakım Veren Kadınların Bakım Yüklerinin ve Yaşam Kalitelerinin İncelenmesi. İstanbul Arel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Psikoloji Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul.
  • Boykin, A. & Winland-Brown, J. (1995). The dark side of caring: challenges of caregiving. J Gerontol Nurs, 21: 13-18.
  • Brodaty, H. (2000). Alzheimer Hastalığında İlaç Tedavisi ve Aileler. Alzheimer Hastalığının Farmakoterapisi. Ankara: Yelkovan Yayıncılık.
  • Brodsky, J., Naon, D., Resnizky, S., Ben Noon, S., Morginstin, B., Graa, R., et al. (2004). Recipients of long-term care insurance benefits: Characteristics, formal and informal assistance patterns and unmet needs (DM-441-04). Jerusalem, Israel: Brookdale Institute.
  • Butler, S.S., Turner, W., Kaye, L.W., Ruffin, L. & Downey, R. (2005). Depression and caregiver burden among rural elder caregivers. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 46(1), 47-63. doi: 10.1300/J083v46n01_04
  • Carter, R. (1994). Helping Yourself Help Others: A Book for Caregivers. New York: Times Books, Random House. (p. 130-133).
  • Chu, P., Edwards, J., Levin R., & Thompson, J. (2000). The use of clinical case management for early stage Alzheimer’s patients and their families. American Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias, 15, 284-290.
  • Cocco, E., Gatti, M., de Mendonça Lima, C.A. & Camus, V. (2003). A comparative study of stress and burnout among staff caregivers in nursing homes and acute geriatric wards. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 18:78-85. doi: 10.1002/gps.800
  • Çapri, B. (2006). Tükenmişlik ölçeğinin Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(1), 62-77.
  • Day, J.R. & Anderson, R.A. (2011). Compassion fatigue: An application of the concept to informal caregivers of family members with dementia. Nursing Research and Practice, 2011, 1-10. doi:10.1155/2011/408024
  • Day, J.R., Ruth, A.A. & Davis, L.L. (2014). Compassion fatigue in adult daughter caregivers of a parent with dementia. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 35(10), 796–804. doi:10.3109/01612840. 2014.917133.
  • Deeken, J.F., Taylor, K.L., Mangan, P., Yabroff, K.R. & Ingham, J.M. (2003). Care for the caregivers: a review of self-report instruments developed to measure the burden, needs, and quality of life of informal caregivers. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 26(4), 922-953. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0885-3924(03)00327-0
  • Dew, M.A., Roth, L.H., Schulberg, H.C., Simmons, R.G., Kormos, R.L., Trzepacz, P.T. & Griffith, B.P. (1996). Prevalence and predictors of depression and anxiety-related disorders during the year after heart transplantation. Gen Hosp Psychiatr,18(6), 48S-61S.
  • Dew, M.A., Myaskovsky, L., DiMartini, A.F., Switzer, G.E., Schulberg, H.C. & Kormos, R.L. (2004). Onset, timing and risk for depression and anxiety in family caregivers to heart transplant recipients. Psychol Med, 34(6),1065-1082.
  • Diener, E., Emmons, R.A., Larsen, R.J. & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75.
  • Dillehay, R.C. & Sandys, M.R. (1990). Caregivers for Alzheimer’s patients: What we are learning from research. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 30(4): 263–285. Dramalı, A., Demir, F. & Yavuz, M. (1998). Evde kronik hastaya bakım veren hasta yakınlarının karşılaştıkları sorunlar. I. Ulusal Evde Bakım Kongresi, 24-26 Eylül, İstanbul. (s.187-195).
  • Erdem, M. (2005). Yaşlıya bakım verme. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(3), 101-106.
  • Faria, H.S. (1998). Through the eyes of a family caregiver: perceived problems. Home Care Provid, 3, 221-225.
  • Farran, C.J., Horton-Deutsch, S.L., Loukissa, D. & Johnson, L. (1998). Psychiatric home care of elderly persons with depression: Unmet caregiver needs. Home Health Care Service Q, 16, 57-73.
  • Grunfeld, E., Glossop, R., McDowell, I. & Danbrook, C. (1997). Caring for elderly people at home: the consequences to caregivers. Canadian Medical Association, 157(8), 1101-1105.
  • Hanyok, L. A., Finucane, T., Carrese, J., & Mullaney, J. (2009). Potential caregivers for homebound elderly: more numerous than supposed? Journal of Family Practice, 58 (7), E1-6.
  • Işık, K. (2013). Yaşlı Hastaya Evde Bakım Verenlerin Yaşam Doyumları ile Bakım Yükleri Arasındaki İlişki ve Etkileyen Faktörler. İnönü Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Malatya.
  • Judge, K.S., Cho, K., Gagnon, D., Driver, J.A., Kosik, N., Lanes, S., & Lawler, E. (2011). Partners in dementia care: A care coordination intervention for individuals with dementia and their family caregivers. The Gerontologist, 51 (2), 261-272.
  • Katz, S., Ford, A.B., Moskowitz, R.W., Jackson, B.A. & Jaffe, M.W. (1963). Studies of illness in the aged. The Index of ADL: A standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function. JAMA, 185, 914-919.
  • Kim, H., Chang, M., Rose, K. & Kim, S. (2012). Predictors of caregiver burden in caregivers of individuals with dementia. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 68(4), 846-855. doi: 10.1111/j. 1365-2648.2011.05787.x
  • Kong, E.H. (2008). Family caregivers of older people in nursing homes. Asian Nursing Research, 2(4), 195-207. doi.org/10.1016/S1976-1317(09)60001-3
  • Kuuppelomaki, M., Sasaki, A., Yamada, K., Asakawa, N. & Shimanouchi, S. (2004). Family carers for older relatives: Sources of satisfaction and related factors in Finland. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 41(5), 497-505. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2003.11.004
  • Lecovich, E. (2008). Caregiving burden, community services, and quality of life of primary caregivers of frail elderly persons. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 27(3), 309-330.
  • Lin, P.C. & Lu, C.M. (2005). Hip fracture: family caregivers' burden and related factors for older people in Taiwan. J Clin Nurs,14(6), 719-726.
  • Lopez-Hartmann, M., Wens, J., Verhoeven, V. & Remmen, R. (2012). The effect of caregiver support interventions for informal caregivers of community-dwelling frail elderly: A systematic review. Int Journal Integrated Care, 12: 1-16. URN:NBN:NL:UI:10-1-113108 / ijic2012-133.
  • Maslach, C. & Jackson, S.E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2, 99-113. doi:10.1002/job.4030020205
  • Maslach, C. & Jackson, S.E. (1986). Maslach Burnout Inventory. Second Edition. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
  • Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W.B. & Leiter, M.P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52: 397-422. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.397
  • McKee, K.J., Philp, I., Lamura, G., Prouskas, C., Oberg, B., Krevers, B., Spazzafumo, L., Bien, B., Parker, C., Nolan, M.R. & Szczerbinska, K. (2003). The COPE index--a first stage assessment of negative impact, positive value and quality of support of caregiving in informal carers of older people. Aging and Mental Health, 7(1), 39-52. doi: 10.1080/1360786021000006956
  • Montgomery, R. & Borgotta, E. (1989). The effects of alternative support strategies on family caregiving. The Gerontologist, 29, 457-464.
  • Moore, A.R., Vosvick, M. & Amey, F.K. (2006). Stress, social support and depression in informal caregivers to people with HIV/AIDS in Lomé, Togo. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 26: 63-73.
  • Morimoto, T., Schreiner, A.S. & Asano, H. (2003). Caregiver burden and health related quality of life among Japanese stroke caregivers. Age and Ageing, 32, 218-223.
  • Murray, J., Schneider, J., Banerjee, S. & Mann, A. (1999). EUROCARE: A cross-national study of co-resident spouse carers for people with Alzheimer’s disease: II. A qualitative analysis of the experience of caregiving. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 9(14), 662–667.
  • Njoku, G.U. (2015). The Impact of Caring for Seniors on the Caregiver's Stress Level. Walden University, College of Health Sciences, doctoral study.
  • Nolan, M.R., Grant, G. & Keady, J. (1996). Understanding Family Care: A Multidimentional Model of Caring and Coping. Buckingham: Open University Press.
  • Novak, M. & Guest, C. (1989). Application of a multidimensional caregiver burden inventory. The Gerontologist, 29(6), 798-803.
  • Okoye, U.O. & Asa, S.S. (2011). Caregiving and stress: Experience of people taking care of elderly relations in South-eastern Nigeria. Arts and Social Sciences Journal, 2(1), 29-31.
  • Özçakar, N., Kartal, M., Dirik, G., Tekin, N. & Güldal, D. (2012). Burnout and relevant factors in nursing staff: What affects the staff working in an elderly nursing home? Turkish Journal of Geriatrics, 15(3), 266-272.
  • Özdemir, F.K., Şahin, Z.A. & Küçük, D. (2009). Kanserli çocuğu olan annelerin bakım verme yüklerinin belirlenmesi. Yeni Tıp Dergisi, 26, 153-158.
  • Özmete, E. (2016). Yaşlı bakımı işinin psiko-sosyal riski: kurumsal yaşlı bakımında çalışanların stres nedenlerinin, tükenmişlik ve iş tatmini düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 17(1), 243-264.
  • Pines, A.M. & Aronson, E. (1988). Career Burnout: Causes and Cures. New York: Free Press.
  • Rapp, S.R. & Chao, D. (2000). Appraisals of strain and gain: effects of psychological wellbeing of caregivers of dementia patients. Aging and Mental Health, 4, 142-147. doi: 10.1080/13607860050008664
  • Reinhard, S.C., Given, B., Petlick, N.H. & Bemis, A. (2008).Supporting Family Caregivers in Providing Care. (ed.) R.G. Hughes. Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses. AHRQ Publication No. 08-0043. Rockville. (pp.1-64)
  • Riordan, J., & Bennett, A. (1998). An evaluation of augmented domiciliary service to older people with dementia and their carers. Aging and Mental Health, 2, 137-143.
  • Salama, R.A.A. & El-Soud, F.A.A. (2012). Caregiver burden from caring for impaired elderly: a cross-sectional study in rural Lower Egypt. Italian Journal of Public Health, 9(4), 1-10. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2427/8662
  • Sarsılmaz, H., Yıldırım, Y. & Fadıloğlu, Ç. (2015). Evde bakım hemşirelerinde tükenmişlik. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(1), 13-20.
  • Schulz, R., Visintainer, P. & Williamson, G. (1990). Psychiatric and physical morbidity effects on caregiving. Journal of Gerontology, 5,181-191.
  • Selçuk, K.T. & Avcı, D. (2016). Kronik hastalığa sahip yaşlılara bakım verenlerde bakım yükü ve etkileyen etmenler. SDÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7(1), 1-9.
  • Shank- Mcelroy, H.A. & Strobino, J. (2001). Male caregivers of spouses with alzheimer’s disease: Risk factors and health status. American Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias, 16(3), 167-175.
  • Shirai, Y., Silverberg Koerner, S. & Baete Kenyon, D. (2009). Reaping caregiver feelings of gain: the roles of socio-emotional support and mastery. Aging and Mental Health, 13(1), 106-117. doi: 10.1080/13607860802591054.
  • Sörensen, S., Pinquart, M. & Duberstein, P. (2002). How effective are interventions with caregivers? An updated meta-analysis. The Gerontologist, 42(3), 356-372.
  • Stoltz, P., Uden, G. & Willman, A. (2004). Support for family carers who care for an elderly person at home – a systematic literature review. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 18(2), 111-119.
  • Sullivan, A.B. & Miller, D. (2015). Who is taking care of the caregiver? Journal of Patient Experience, 1(2), 7-12.
  • Şahin, Z.A., Polat, H. & Ergüney, S. (2009). Kemoterapi alan hastalara bakım verenlerin bakım verme yüklerinin belirlenmesi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 12(2):1-8.
  • Toseland, R.W. & Smith, T.L. (2006). The impact of a caregiver health education program on health care costs. Research on Social Work Practice, 16(1), 9–19.
  • Toseland, R.W., Smith, G. & McCallion, P. (2001). Family caregivers of the frail elderly. Handbook of Social Work Practice with Vulnerable and Resilient Population, 18(2), 99-109.
  • Toseland, R.W., McCallion, P., Smith, T., Huck, S., Bourgeois, P. & Garstka, T.A. (2001). Health education groups for caregivers in an HMO. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 57(4), 551–570.
  • Xie, H., Cheng, C., Tao, Y., Zhang, J., Robert, D., Jia, J. & Su, Y. (2016). Quality of life in Chinese family caregivers for elderly people with chronic diseases. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 14,1-9. doi: 10.1186/s12955-016-0504-9
  • Vaingankar, J.A., Chong, S.A., Abdin, E., Picco, L., Jeyagurunathan, A., Zhang, Y., Sambasivam, R., Chua, B.Y., Ng, L.L., Prince, M. & Subramaniam, M. (2016). Care participation and burden among informal caregivers of older adults with care needs and associations with dementia. International Psychogeriatrics, 28(2), 221–231. doi:10.1017/S104161021500160X
  • Vellone, E., Fida, R., Cocchieri, A., Sili, A., Piras, G. & Alvaro, R. (2011). Positive and negative impact of caregiving to older adults: a structural equation model. Professioni Infermieristiche, 6(4), 237-248.
  • Walker, A.J., Shin, H. & Bird, D.N. (1990). Perceptions of relationship change and caregiver satisfaction. Family Relations, 39, 147-152.
  • Ward-Griffin, C., St-Amant, O. & Brown, J.B. (2011). Compassion fatigue within double duty caregiving: Nursedaughters caring for elderly parents. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 16(1), 4. doi: 10.3912/OJIN.Vol16No01Man04
  • Wright, T.A. & Bonett, D.G. (1997). The contribution of burnout to work performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 18(5), 491-499.
Toplam 70 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Velittin Kalınkara

İşıl Kalaycı

Yayımlanma Tarihi 9 Temmuz 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Kalınkara, V., & Kalaycı, İ. (2017). YAŞLIYA EVDE BAKIM HİZMETİ VEREN BİREYLERDE YAŞAM DOYUMU, BAKIM YÜKÜ VE TÜKENMİŞLİK. Yaşlı Sorunları Araştırma Dergisi, 10(2), 19-39.