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SUÇ NASIL ÖNLENEBİLİR? BÜTÜNCÜL BİR MODEL GEREKSİNİMİ

Yıl 2019, Sayı: 46, 285 - 307, 31.12.2019

Öz

Bu makale, suç önleme yaklaşımları üzerine odaklanmaktadır. Suçla etkin bir mücadelenin yürütülebilmesi faaliyetini, suç önleme politikaları ve programlarından bağımsız olarak düşünmek mümkün değildir. Çalışmada, suç önleme konusundaki yaklaşımlar gözden geçirilecek ve etkili bir suç önleme yaklaşımının nasıl olması gerektiği hususu açıklanmaya çalışılacaktır. Makalede, etkili bir suç önleme modelinin, suçun tüm değişkenlerini ve çok kurumlu yaklaşımı içerecek nitelikte olması gerektiği ileri sürülmüştür. Bu da, suçun önlenmesinde bütüncül bir suç önleme modelinin geliştirilmesinin gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bütüncül suç önleme modelinin; suçlu bireyi (bireyin kriminal eğilimini), işlenen suç türünü, suçun işlendiği mekânı/çevreyi, suç fırsatlarını, suça maruz kalan mağduru, suç kontrolü ve gözetim stratejilerini, suçun sosyo-ekonomik, kültürel ve toplumsal dinamikleri gibi suç ile ilgili tüm unsurları kapsayacak nitelikte olması gerektiği vurgulanmıştır. Bu nedenle bütünleşik suç önlemi modeli, önleyici yaklaşımlardan durumsal, sosyal, toplum odaklı ve gelişimsel suç önleme yaklaşımlarının tümünü içermelidir. Çalışmada belirtilen diğer bir husus da önleyici yaklaşımların reaktif olmaktan çok proaktif olmaları gerekliliğidir.

Kaynakça

  • Bennett, T. H. (1998). Crime Prevention, Michael Tonry (ed.). The Handbook of Crime and Punishment içinde (s. 369-402) New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Blackburn, R. (1997). The Psychology of Criminal Conduct, U.K.: Wiley, Chichester
  • Borysiewicz, L. (2009). Prevention is Better Than Cure. Clinical Medicine, 9 (6), 572–83
  • Brantingham, P. J. ve Faust, F.L. (1976). A Conceptual Model of Crime Prevention. Crime and Delinquency, 22 (3): 284-421
  • Clarke, R. V. (1992). Introduction. Ronald V. Clarke (ed.). Situational Crime Prevention: Successful Case Studies, Albany, NY: Harrow and Heston.
  • Clarke, R. V. (2005). Seven Misconceptions of Situational Crime Prevention, Nick Tilley (ed.) From Handbook of Crime Prevention and Community Safety içinde, (s. 39-70) UK: Willan Press
  • Clarke, R. V. ve Eck, J.E. (2005). Crime Analysis For Problem Solvers in 60 Small Steps . Washington, DC: Department of Justice Office and Community Oriented Policing Services.
  • Cornish, D. ve Clarke, C. V. (2003). Oppurtunities, Precipitators and Criminal Decisions: A Reply to Wortley’s Critique of Situational Crime Prevention. Martha J. Smith ve Derek B. Cornish (ed.), Crime Prevention Studies içinde (s. 111-124) , Criminal Justice Press: Monsey
  • Eck, J. E. (2006). Preventing Crime at Places. Lawrence W. Sherman (ed.), Evidence-Based Crime Prevention içinde David P. Farrington, Brandon C. Welsh, and Doris L. MacKenzie). New York: Routledge.
  • Farrington, D. P.(2007). Childhood Risk Factors And Risk-Focused Prevention. Mike Maguire, Rodney Morgan ve Robert Reiner (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Criminology içinde (s. 602–640), Oxford University Press: Oxford, U.K.,
  • Farrington, D. P. Loeber, R.,Ttofi M.M (2012). Risk and Protective Factors For Offending, David P. Farrington ve Brandon C. Welsh (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Crime Prevention içinde (s. 70–88), Oxford, U.K.,: Oxford University Press
  • Geleri, A. (2013). Suç Önlemede Temel Yaklaşımlar, Filiz Tepecik (ed.), Suç Önleme Modelleri içinde, (s. 35-56), Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi Yay.
  • Graham, J. ve Bennett, T. (1995). Crime Prevention Strategies in Europe and North America, Finland: Criminal Justice Press
  • Hawkins, J. D., Herrenkohl,T.I, Farrington, D.P., Brewer, D., Catalano, R.F:, Harachi,T.W., Cothern, L. (2002). Predictors of YouthViolence, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, U.S. Department of JusticeOffice of Justice Programs
  • Homel, P. (2005). A Short History of Crime Prevention in Australia, Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (47(2), 355–368.
  • Hope, T. (1995). Community Crime Prevention. Building a Safer Society: Strategic Approaches to Crime Prevention içinde (s. 1-20), Michael Tonry and David P. Farrington (ed.). Vol. 19 of Crime and Justice: A Review of Research. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Kelly, B. T., Loeber,R., Keenan, K., ve DeLamatre, M. (2003), Developmental Pathways in Boys’ Disruptive and Delinquent Behavior, Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
  • Kızmaz, Z. ve Bilgin, R. (2012). Hırsızlık: Suçlular, Nedenler ve Dinamikler. Ankara: Polis Akademisi Yay.
  • Lab, S. P. (2010). Crime Prevention: Approaches Practices, and Evaluations, New York: Anderson Publishing.
  • Loeber, R. ve Stouthamer-L,M (1986). Family Factors As Correlates And Predictors of Juvenile Conduct Problems And Delinquency, Michael Tonry and Norval Morris (ed.). Crime and Justice içinde (s. 29-149), Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • O’Mahony, P. (2009). The Risk Factors Prevention Paradigm and the Causes of Youth Crime: A Deceptively Useful Analysis? , The National Asociation for Youth Justice, Sage Pub. 9 (2): 99-114
  • Rosenbaum, D. P. , Lurigio, A.,. Davis, R.C. (1998). The Prevention of Crime: Social And Situational Strategies, Belmont, CA: Wadsworth
  • Savignac, J. (2009). Families, Youth and Delinquency: The State of Knowledge, and Family-Based Juvenile Delinquency Prevention Programs, Ontario, Canada: National Crime Prevention Centre, Ottawa.
  • Schneider, S. (2014). Crime Prevention: Theory and Practice, Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis Group Press.
  • Selmini, R. (2010). The European Experience of Crime Prevention, Shlomo Giora Shoham, Paul Knepper ve Martin Kett (ed), International Handbook of Criminology içinde (s.511-538), Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press
  • Sherman, L. W. (1995). Hot Spots of Crime and Criminal Careers of Places. Crime and Place, John E. Eck and David Weisburd (ed.). Crime Prevention Studies. Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press
  • Sherman, L. W., Gartin,P.R. ve Buerger, M.E. (1989). Hot Spots of Predatory Crime: Routine Activities and the Criminology of Place. Criminology, 27, 27-55.
  • Tonry, M.ve Farrington, D.P. (eds). (1995). Building a Safer Society: Strategic Approaches to Crime Prevention. Vol. 19 of Crime and Justice: A Review of Research. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Welsh, B.C., Farrington, D.P. ve Sherman, L.L. (2001). (Eds.) Costs and Benefits of Preventing Crime. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
  • Welsh, B.C. ve Farrington, D.P. (2012). (Eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Crime Prevention, U.K.,: Oxford University Press
  • White, R. (2010). Situating Crime Prevention: Models, Methods and Political Perspectives. Crime Prevention Studies, 5, 97-113

HOW CAN CRIME BE PREVENTED? REQUIREMENT OF AN INTEGRATED MODEL

Yıl 2019, Sayı: 46, 285 - 307, 31.12.2019

Öz

This article focuses on crime prevention approaches. It is not possible to think of the activities, which are necessary for an effective fight against crime, independently of the crime prevention policies and programs. In this study, the approaches on crime prevention will be reviewed and it will be tried to explain an effective crime prevention approach how should be. In this article, it was suggested that an effective crime prevention model should include all variables of crime and multi-agency approach. This reveals the necessity of developing a holistic crime prevention model in crime prevention. In other words, the holistic crime prevention model proposed in this study covers all elements related to crime such as the offender (criminal tendency of the individual), the type of crime committed, the place / environment where the crime was committed, the opportunities for crime, the victims of crime, crime control and surveillance strategies, the socio-economic, cultural and social dynamics. Therefore, the integrated crime prevention model should involve all preventive approaches which are situational, social, societal and developmental crime prevention approaches. Another point mentioned in the study is that preventive approaches should be proactive rather than reactive.

Kaynakça

  • Bennett, T. H. (1998). Crime Prevention, Michael Tonry (ed.). The Handbook of Crime and Punishment içinde (s. 369-402) New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Blackburn, R. (1997). The Psychology of Criminal Conduct, U.K.: Wiley, Chichester
  • Borysiewicz, L. (2009). Prevention is Better Than Cure. Clinical Medicine, 9 (6), 572–83
  • Brantingham, P. J. ve Faust, F.L. (1976). A Conceptual Model of Crime Prevention. Crime and Delinquency, 22 (3): 284-421
  • Clarke, R. V. (1992). Introduction. Ronald V. Clarke (ed.). Situational Crime Prevention: Successful Case Studies, Albany, NY: Harrow and Heston.
  • Clarke, R. V. (2005). Seven Misconceptions of Situational Crime Prevention, Nick Tilley (ed.) From Handbook of Crime Prevention and Community Safety içinde, (s. 39-70) UK: Willan Press
  • Clarke, R. V. ve Eck, J.E. (2005). Crime Analysis For Problem Solvers in 60 Small Steps . Washington, DC: Department of Justice Office and Community Oriented Policing Services.
  • Cornish, D. ve Clarke, C. V. (2003). Oppurtunities, Precipitators and Criminal Decisions: A Reply to Wortley’s Critique of Situational Crime Prevention. Martha J. Smith ve Derek B. Cornish (ed.), Crime Prevention Studies içinde (s. 111-124) , Criminal Justice Press: Monsey
  • Eck, J. E. (2006). Preventing Crime at Places. Lawrence W. Sherman (ed.), Evidence-Based Crime Prevention içinde David P. Farrington, Brandon C. Welsh, and Doris L. MacKenzie). New York: Routledge.
  • Farrington, D. P.(2007). Childhood Risk Factors And Risk-Focused Prevention. Mike Maguire, Rodney Morgan ve Robert Reiner (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Criminology içinde (s. 602–640), Oxford University Press: Oxford, U.K.,
  • Farrington, D. P. Loeber, R.,Ttofi M.M (2012). Risk and Protective Factors For Offending, David P. Farrington ve Brandon C. Welsh (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Crime Prevention içinde (s. 70–88), Oxford, U.K.,: Oxford University Press
  • Geleri, A. (2013). Suç Önlemede Temel Yaklaşımlar, Filiz Tepecik (ed.), Suç Önleme Modelleri içinde, (s. 35-56), Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi Yay.
  • Graham, J. ve Bennett, T. (1995). Crime Prevention Strategies in Europe and North America, Finland: Criminal Justice Press
  • Hawkins, J. D., Herrenkohl,T.I, Farrington, D.P., Brewer, D., Catalano, R.F:, Harachi,T.W., Cothern, L. (2002). Predictors of YouthViolence, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, U.S. Department of JusticeOffice of Justice Programs
  • Homel, P. (2005). A Short History of Crime Prevention in Australia, Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice (47(2), 355–368.
  • Hope, T. (1995). Community Crime Prevention. Building a Safer Society: Strategic Approaches to Crime Prevention içinde (s. 1-20), Michael Tonry and David P. Farrington (ed.). Vol. 19 of Crime and Justice: A Review of Research. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Kelly, B. T., Loeber,R., Keenan, K., ve DeLamatre, M. (2003), Developmental Pathways in Boys’ Disruptive and Delinquent Behavior, Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
  • Kızmaz, Z. ve Bilgin, R. (2012). Hırsızlık: Suçlular, Nedenler ve Dinamikler. Ankara: Polis Akademisi Yay.
  • Lab, S. P. (2010). Crime Prevention: Approaches Practices, and Evaluations, New York: Anderson Publishing.
  • Loeber, R. ve Stouthamer-L,M (1986). Family Factors As Correlates And Predictors of Juvenile Conduct Problems And Delinquency, Michael Tonry and Norval Morris (ed.). Crime and Justice içinde (s. 29-149), Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • O’Mahony, P. (2009). The Risk Factors Prevention Paradigm and the Causes of Youth Crime: A Deceptively Useful Analysis? , The National Asociation for Youth Justice, Sage Pub. 9 (2): 99-114
  • Rosenbaum, D. P. , Lurigio, A.,. Davis, R.C. (1998). The Prevention of Crime: Social And Situational Strategies, Belmont, CA: Wadsworth
  • Savignac, J. (2009). Families, Youth and Delinquency: The State of Knowledge, and Family-Based Juvenile Delinquency Prevention Programs, Ontario, Canada: National Crime Prevention Centre, Ottawa.
  • Schneider, S. (2014). Crime Prevention: Theory and Practice, Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis Group Press.
  • Selmini, R. (2010). The European Experience of Crime Prevention, Shlomo Giora Shoham, Paul Knepper ve Martin Kett (ed), International Handbook of Criminology içinde (s.511-538), Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press
  • Sherman, L. W. (1995). Hot Spots of Crime and Criminal Careers of Places. Crime and Place, John E. Eck and David Weisburd (ed.). Crime Prevention Studies. Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press
  • Sherman, L. W., Gartin,P.R. ve Buerger, M.E. (1989). Hot Spots of Predatory Crime: Routine Activities and the Criminology of Place. Criminology, 27, 27-55.
  • Tonry, M.ve Farrington, D.P. (eds). (1995). Building a Safer Society: Strategic Approaches to Crime Prevention. Vol. 19 of Crime and Justice: A Review of Research. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Welsh, B.C., Farrington, D.P. ve Sherman, L.L. (2001). (Eds.) Costs and Benefits of Preventing Crime. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
  • Welsh, B.C. ve Farrington, D.P. (2012). (Eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Crime Prevention, U.K.,: Oxford University Press
  • White, R. (2010). Situating Crime Prevention: Models, Methods and Political Perspectives. Crime Prevention Studies, 5, 97-113
Toplam 31 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Tam Sayı
Yazarlar

Zahir Kızmaz 0000-0001-7686-4751

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Ekim 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Sayı: 46

Kaynak Göster

APA Kızmaz, Z. (2019). SUÇ NASIL ÖNLENEBİLİR? BÜTÜNCÜL BİR MODEL GEREKSİNİMİ. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(46), 285-307.

Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.