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TURİZM, ENERJİ TÜKETİMİ, CO2 EMİSYONLARI VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ARASINDAKİ NEDENSELLİK İLİŞKİLERİNİN MODELLENMESİ

Year 2020, , 81 - 102, 23.10.2020

Elma Satrovıc , Adnan Muslija

https://doi.org/10.29029/busbed.734869
Cited By: 4

Abstract

Bu çalışma, panel VAR modelini kullanarak, 1995-2014 döneminde turist girişleri açısından dünyanın en yüksek sıralamasına sahip 10 ülke için turizm, enerji tüketimi, ekonomik büyüme ve CO2 emisyonları arasındaki nedensel ilişkileri araştırmaktadır. Bulgular, turizm ile kirletici yayım arasında olduğu kadar enerji ile kirletici yayım arasında çift yönlü bir nedensel bağlantı olduğunu öne sürerken, sonuçlar ekonomik büyümeden karbondioksit emisyonuna doğru tek yönlü bir nedensellik olduğunu göstermektedir. Aynı zamanda etki-tepki analizi, karbondioksit emisyonlarının ekonomik büyüme ve enerji tüketimindeki sarsıntılara verdiği tepkilerinin on yıllık dönemde pozitif göründüğünü, turizmdeki sarsıntılara tepkinin ise ilk dört yıl içinde olumsuz göründüğünü, ancak beşinci yılda dengeye döndüğünü göstermektedir. Bu sonuç sürdürülebilir turizmi destekleyen politika yapıcılar için büyük önem taşıyabilir.

Keywords

CO2 Panel VAR Enerji tüketimi turizm

References

  • ADEDOYIN, F. F. and BEKUN, F. V. (2020). Modelling the interaction between tourism, energy consumption, pollutant emissions and urbanization: renewed evidence from panel VAR, Environmental Science and Pollution Research. doi:10.1007/s11356-020-09869-9.
  • AHMAD, M., ZHAO, Z. Y., and LI, H. (2019). Revealing stylized empirical interactions among construction sector, urbanization, energy consumption, economic growth and CO2 emissions in China, Science of The Total Environment, 657, 1085-1098.
  • AKKINAPALLI, S. (2018). Impact of tourism on energy consumption in India, International Journal of Advance Research and Development, 3(4), 37-46.
  • ALI, W., ABDULLAH, A. and AZAM, M. (2017). The dynamic relationship between structural change and CO2 emissions in Malaysia: a cointegrating approach, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24(14), 12723-12739.
  • ANTONAKAKIS, N., DRAGOUNI, M., and FILIS, G. (2013). Time-varying interdependencies of tourism and economic growth: evidence from European countries, MPRA Munich Personal Repec Archive, 4875, 1-34.
  • APERGIS, N. and TANG, C. F., (2013). Is the energy-led growth hypothesis valid? New evidence from a sample of 85 countries, Energy Economics, 38(C), 24-31.
  • ASLAN, A., ALTINOZ, B., and OZSOLAK, B. (2020). The nexus between economic growth, tourism development, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions in Mediterranean countries, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-10667-6.
  • BUCKLEY, R. (2012). Sustainable tourism: research and reality, Annals of Tourism Research, 39, 528-546.
  • DOGAN, E. and ASLAN, A. (2017). Exploring the relationship among CO2 emissions, real GDP, energy consumption and tourism in the EU and candidate countries: evidence from panel models robust to heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 77, 239-245.
  • DRITSAKIS, N. (2012). Tourism development and economic growth in seven Mediterranean countries: a panel data approach, Tourism Economics, 18(4), 801-816.
  • DU, D., LEW, A. A., and NG, P. T. (2014). Tourism and economic growth, Journal of Travel Research, 55(4), 454-464.
  • GAMAGE, N.S.K., KURUPPUGE, R.H., and HAQ, I.U. (2017). Energy consumption, tourism development, and environmental degradation in Sri Lanka, Ener Sour Part B: Econ Plan Pol, 12(10), 910-916.
  • GUNDUZ, L. and HATEMI-J, A. (2005). Is the tourism-led growth hypothesis valid for Turkey? Applied Economics Letters, 12, 499-504.
  • ISIK, C. and RADULESCU, M. (2017). Investigation of the relationship between renewable energy, tourism receipts and economic growth in Europe, Statistika, 97(2), 85-94.
  • ISIK, C., DOGAN, E., and ONGAN, S. (2017). Analyzing the tourism–energy–growth nexus for the top 10 most-visited countries, Economies, 5(40).
  • ISIK, C., DOGRU, T., and TURK, E.S. (2018). A nexus of linear and non‐linear relationships between tourism demand, renewable energy consumption, and economic growth: theory and evidence, Int J Tourism Res., 20, 38-49.
  • KATIRCIOGLU, S. T. (2014). International tourism, energy consumption, and environmental pollution: the case of Turkey, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 36, 180-187.
  • KATIRCIOGLU, S. T., FERIDUN, M., and KILINC, C. (2014). Estimating tourism-induced energy consumption and CO2 emissions: the case of Cyprus, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 29, 634-640.
  • KHALIL, S., MEHMOOD, K. K., and WALIULLAH, K. (2007). Role of tourism in economic growth: empirical evidence from Pakistan economy, The Pakistan Development Review, 46(4), 985-995.
  • KUM, H., ASLAN, A., and GUNGOR, M. (2015). Tourism and economic growth: the case of next-11 countries, International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 5(4), 1075-1081.
  • LEE, J. W., and BRAHMASRENE, T. (2013). Investigating the influence of tourism on economic growth and carbon emissions: evidence from panel analysis of the European Union, Tourism Management, 38, 69-76.
  • LENZEN, M., SUN, Y. Y., FATURAY. F., TING, Y. P., GESCHKE, A., and MALIK, A. (2018). The carbon footprint of global tourism, Nature Climate Change, 8, 522-528.
  • LIU, Y., KUMAIL, T., ALI, W., and SADIQ, F. (2019). The dynamic relationship between CO2 emission, international tourism and energy consumption in Pakistan: a cointegration approach, Tourism Review, 74(4), 761-779.
  • LOVE, I. and ZICCHINO, L. (2006). Financial development and dynamic investment behavior: evidence from panel VAR, The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 46(2), 190-210.
  • LUKASHINA, N. S., AMIRKHANOV, M. M., ANISIMOV, V. I. and TRUNEV, A. (1996). Tourism and environmental degradation in Sochi, Russia, Annals of Tourism Research, 23(3), 654-665.
  • NEPAL, S.K. (2008). Tourism-induced rural energy consumption in the Annapurna region of Nepal, Tourism Management, 29, 89-100.
  • NISSAN, E., GALINDO, M. A., and MÉNDEZ, M. T. (2011). Relationship between tourism and economic growth, The Service Industries Journal, 31(10), 1567-1572.
  • ONGAN, S. and DEMIROZ, D. M. (2005). The contribution of tourism to the long-run Turkish economic growth, Ekonomický časopis[Journal of Economics], 53(9), 880-894.
  • PIGRAM, J. J. (1980). Environmental implications of tourism development, Annals of Tourism Research, 7(4), 554-583.
  • PU, W. and MI, T. (2016). On estimating transportation energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions from off-shore island tourism—a case study of Haikou city, China, Journal of Resources and Ecology, 7(6), 472-479.
  • ROMERO, M.P. and MOLINA, J.A. (2013). Tourism and economic growth: a review of empirical literature, Tourism Management Perspectives, 8, 28-41.
  • SAIDI, K. and HAMMAMI, S. (2015). The impact of CO2 emissions and economic growth on energy consumption in 58 countries, Energy Reports, 1, 62-70.
  • SATROVIC, E. (2019). Energy consumption, trade openness and growth nexus in Turkey: evidence from VECM, C.Ü. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 20(1), 1-12.
  • SATROVIC, E. and MUSLIJA, A. (2017). Foreign direct investments and tourism: empirical evidence from Turkey, ICPESS Proceedings, 2, 88-100.
  • SAVAS, B., BESKAYA, A., and SAMIOGLU, F. (2010). Analyzing the impact of international tourism on economic growth in Turkey, ZKÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6(12), 121-136.
  • SCOTT, D., PEETERS, P., and GÖSSLING, S. (2010). Can tourism deliver its “aspirational” greenhouse gas emission reduction targets?, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18(3), 393-408.
  • SHAKOURI, B., KHOSHNEVIS YAZDI, S., and GHORCHEBIGI, E. (2017). Does tourism development promote CO2 emissions?, Anatolia, 28(3), 444-452.
  • SIMS, C.A. (1980). Macroeconomics and reality, Econometrica, 48(1), 1-48.
  • TANG, C. F. and ABOSEDRA. S. (2014). The impacts of tourism, energy consumption and political instability on economic growth in the MENA Countries, Energy Policy, 68, 458-64.
  • THANG, Z., ZHANG, N., SHI, C. B., and BI, K. X. (2015). Estimation of CO2 emissions from tourism transport in Heilongjiang Province, China, Int. J. Sus. Dev. Plann., 10(4), 520-527.
  • TIWARI, A. K., OZTURK, I., and ARUNA, M. (2013). Tourism, energy consumption and climate change in OECD countries, International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 3(3), 247-261.
  • TOVAR, C. and LOCKWOOD, M. (2008). Social impacts of tourism: an Australian regional case study, International Journal of Tourism Research, 10(4), 365-378.
  • TSAI, K. T., LIN, T.P., LIN, Y.H., TUNG, C.H., and CHIU, Y.T. (2018). The carbon impact of international tourists to an Island Country, Sustainability, 10(5), 1-12.
  • UNWTO (2017). Annual Report, Madrid, doi: 10.18111/9789284419807.
  • WEI, Y.X., BAI, S., SHI, C., LIU, L., and LI, X. (2012). Estimating the carbon emissions and regional differences of tourism transport in China, Journal of Shaanxi Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 40, 76-84.
  • XIAO, X., ZHANG, J., LU, J., ZHONG, S., and YIN, L. (2012). Analysis on spatial structure and scenarios of carbon dioxide emissions from tourism transportation, Acta Ecologica Sinica, 32(23), 7540-7548.
  • ZHANG, J. and ZHANG, Y. (2020). Tourism, economic growth, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions in China, Tourism Economics, doi:10.1177/1354816620918458.

MODELLING CAUSAL RELATIONSHIPS AMONG TOURISM, ENERGY, CO2 EMISSIONS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH

Year 2020, , 81 - 102, 23.10.2020

Elma Satrovıc , Adnan Muslija

https://doi.org/10.29029/busbed.734869
Cited By: 4

Abstract

This study investigates causal relationships among tourism, energy consumption, economic growth, and CO2 emissions for the 10 highest ranked countries in terms of tourist arrivals in the world for the period 1995-2014 using the panel VAR model. Our findings suggest a bidirectional causal link between tourism and pollutant emission as well as between energy and pollutant emission while the results show a unidirectional causality flowing from economic growth to carbon dioxide emission. The impulse response analysis also shows that the responses of carbon dioxide emissions to shocks in economic growth and energy consumption appear positive within ten years period while the response to shocks in tourism appear negative within the first four years but revert to the equilibirium in the fifth year providing some important insights for policy makers supporting sustainable tourism.

Keywords

CO2 emission Energy consumption Panel VAR Tourism

References

  • ADEDOYIN, F. F. and BEKUN, F. V. (2020). Modelling the interaction between tourism, energy consumption, pollutant emissions and urbanization: renewed evidence from panel VAR, Environmental Science and Pollution Research. doi:10.1007/s11356-020-09869-9.
  • AHMAD, M., ZHAO, Z. Y., and LI, H. (2019). Revealing stylized empirical interactions among construction sector, urbanization, energy consumption, economic growth and CO2 emissions in China, Science of The Total Environment, 657, 1085-1098.
  • AKKINAPALLI, S. (2018). Impact of tourism on energy consumption in India, International Journal of Advance Research and Development, 3(4), 37-46.
  • ALI, W., ABDULLAH, A. and AZAM, M. (2017). The dynamic relationship between structural change and CO2 emissions in Malaysia: a cointegrating approach, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24(14), 12723-12739.
  • ANTONAKAKIS, N., DRAGOUNI, M., and FILIS, G. (2013). Time-varying interdependencies of tourism and economic growth: evidence from European countries, MPRA Munich Personal Repec Archive, 4875, 1-34.
  • APERGIS, N. and TANG, C. F., (2013). Is the energy-led growth hypothesis valid? New evidence from a sample of 85 countries, Energy Economics, 38(C), 24-31.
  • ASLAN, A., ALTINOZ, B., and OZSOLAK, B. (2020). The nexus between economic growth, tourism development, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions in Mediterranean countries, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-10667-6.
  • BUCKLEY, R. (2012). Sustainable tourism: research and reality, Annals of Tourism Research, 39, 528-546.
  • DOGAN, E. and ASLAN, A. (2017). Exploring the relationship among CO2 emissions, real GDP, energy consumption and tourism in the EU and candidate countries: evidence from panel models robust to heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 77, 239-245.
  • DRITSAKIS, N. (2012). Tourism development and economic growth in seven Mediterranean countries: a panel data approach, Tourism Economics, 18(4), 801-816.
  • DU, D., LEW, A. A., and NG, P. T. (2014). Tourism and economic growth, Journal of Travel Research, 55(4), 454-464.
  • GAMAGE, N.S.K., KURUPPUGE, R.H., and HAQ, I.U. (2017). Energy consumption, tourism development, and environmental degradation in Sri Lanka, Ener Sour Part B: Econ Plan Pol, 12(10), 910-916.
  • GUNDUZ, L. and HATEMI-J, A. (2005). Is the tourism-led growth hypothesis valid for Turkey? Applied Economics Letters, 12, 499-504.
  • ISIK, C. and RADULESCU, M. (2017). Investigation of the relationship between renewable energy, tourism receipts and economic growth in Europe, Statistika, 97(2), 85-94.
  • ISIK, C., DOGAN, E., and ONGAN, S. (2017). Analyzing the tourism–energy–growth nexus for the top 10 most-visited countries, Economies, 5(40).
  • ISIK, C., DOGRU, T., and TURK, E.S. (2018). A nexus of linear and non‐linear relationships between tourism demand, renewable energy consumption, and economic growth: theory and evidence, Int J Tourism Res., 20, 38-49.
  • KATIRCIOGLU, S. T. (2014). International tourism, energy consumption, and environmental pollution: the case of Turkey, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 36, 180-187.
  • KATIRCIOGLU, S. T., FERIDUN, M., and KILINC, C. (2014). Estimating tourism-induced energy consumption and CO2 emissions: the case of Cyprus, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 29, 634-640.
  • KHALIL, S., MEHMOOD, K. K., and WALIULLAH, K. (2007). Role of tourism in economic growth: empirical evidence from Pakistan economy, The Pakistan Development Review, 46(4), 985-995.
  • KUM, H., ASLAN, A., and GUNGOR, M. (2015). Tourism and economic growth: the case of next-11 countries, International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 5(4), 1075-1081.
  • LEE, J. W., and BRAHMASRENE, T. (2013). Investigating the influence of tourism on economic growth and carbon emissions: evidence from panel analysis of the European Union, Tourism Management, 38, 69-76.
  • LENZEN, M., SUN, Y. Y., FATURAY. F., TING, Y. P., GESCHKE, A., and MALIK, A. (2018). The carbon footprint of global tourism, Nature Climate Change, 8, 522-528.
  • LIU, Y., KUMAIL, T., ALI, W., and SADIQ, F. (2019). The dynamic relationship between CO2 emission, international tourism and energy consumption in Pakistan: a cointegration approach, Tourism Review, 74(4), 761-779.
  • LOVE, I. and ZICCHINO, L. (2006). Financial development and dynamic investment behavior: evidence from panel VAR, The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 46(2), 190-210.
  • LUKASHINA, N. S., AMIRKHANOV, M. M., ANISIMOV, V. I. and TRUNEV, A. (1996). Tourism and environmental degradation in Sochi, Russia, Annals of Tourism Research, 23(3), 654-665.
  • NEPAL, S.K. (2008). Tourism-induced rural energy consumption in the Annapurna region of Nepal, Tourism Management, 29, 89-100.
  • NISSAN, E., GALINDO, M. A., and MÉNDEZ, M. T. (2011). Relationship between tourism and economic growth, The Service Industries Journal, 31(10), 1567-1572.
  • ONGAN, S. and DEMIROZ, D. M. (2005). The contribution of tourism to the long-run Turkish economic growth, Ekonomický časopis[Journal of Economics], 53(9), 880-894.
  • PIGRAM, J. J. (1980). Environmental implications of tourism development, Annals of Tourism Research, 7(4), 554-583.
  • PU, W. and MI, T. (2016). On estimating transportation energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions from off-shore island tourism—a case study of Haikou city, China, Journal of Resources and Ecology, 7(6), 472-479.
  • ROMERO, M.P. and MOLINA, J.A. (2013). Tourism and economic growth: a review of empirical literature, Tourism Management Perspectives, 8, 28-41.
  • SAIDI, K. and HAMMAMI, S. (2015). The impact of CO2 emissions and economic growth on energy consumption in 58 countries, Energy Reports, 1, 62-70.
  • SATROVIC, E. (2019). Energy consumption, trade openness and growth nexus in Turkey: evidence from VECM, C.Ü. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 20(1), 1-12.
  • SATROVIC, E. and MUSLIJA, A. (2017). Foreign direct investments and tourism: empirical evidence from Turkey, ICPESS Proceedings, 2, 88-100.
  • SAVAS, B., BESKAYA, A., and SAMIOGLU, F. (2010). Analyzing the impact of international tourism on economic growth in Turkey, ZKÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6(12), 121-136.
  • SCOTT, D., PEETERS, P., and GÖSSLING, S. (2010). Can tourism deliver its “aspirational” greenhouse gas emission reduction targets?, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18(3), 393-408.
  • SHAKOURI, B., KHOSHNEVIS YAZDI, S., and GHORCHEBIGI, E. (2017). Does tourism development promote CO2 emissions?, Anatolia, 28(3), 444-452.
  • SIMS, C.A. (1980). Macroeconomics and reality, Econometrica, 48(1), 1-48.
  • TANG, C. F. and ABOSEDRA. S. (2014). The impacts of tourism, energy consumption and political instability on economic growth in the MENA Countries, Energy Policy, 68, 458-64.
  • THANG, Z., ZHANG, N., SHI, C. B., and BI, K. X. (2015). Estimation of CO2 emissions from tourism transport in Heilongjiang Province, China, Int. J. Sus. Dev. Plann., 10(4), 520-527.
  • TIWARI, A. K., OZTURK, I., and ARUNA, M. (2013). Tourism, energy consumption and climate change in OECD countries, International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 3(3), 247-261.
  • TOVAR, C. and LOCKWOOD, M. (2008). Social impacts of tourism: an Australian regional case study, International Journal of Tourism Research, 10(4), 365-378.
  • TSAI, K. T., LIN, T.P., LIN, Y.H., TUNG, C.H., and CHIU, Y.T. (2018). The carbon impact of international tourists to an Island Country, Sustainability, 10(5), 1-12.
  • UNWTO (2017). Annual Report, Madrid, doi: 10.18111/9789284419807.
  • WEI, Y.X., BAI, S., SHI, C., LIU, L., and LI, X. (2012). Estimating the carbon emissions and regional differences of tourism transport in China, Journal of Shaanxi Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 40, 76-84.
  • XIAO, X., ZHANG, J., LU, J., ZHONG, S., and YIN, L. (2012). Analysis on spatial structure and scenarios of carbon dioxide emissions from tourism transportation, Acta Ecologica Sinica, 32(23), 7540-7548.
  • ZHANG, J. and ZHANG, Y. (2020). Tourism, economic growth, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions in China, Tourism Economics, doi:10.1177/1354816620918458.
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Economics
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Elma Satrovıc 0000-0002-8000-5543

Adnan Muslija 0000-0002-8176-6600

Publication Date October 23, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020

Cite

APA Satrovıc, E., & Muslija, A. (2020). MODELLING CAUSAL RELATIONSHIPS AMONG TOURISM, ENERGY, CO2 EMISSIONS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH. Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(20), 81-102. https://doi.org/10.29029/busbed.734869

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