Research Article
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Year 2020, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 445 - 461, 28.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.35452/caless.2020.23

Abstract

References

  • Baker, W. (2012). From cultural awareness to intercultural awareness: culture in ELT. ELT Journal. 66(1), 62-70.
  • Büyüköztürk, S. (2016). Sosyal Bilimler için Veri Analizi El Kitabı (22nd ed.). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Briones, E., Tabernero, C., Tramontano, C., Caprara, G. V., & Arenas, A. (2009). Development of a Cultural Self-efficacy Scale for Adolescents (CSES-A). International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 33(4), 301-312.
  • Byram, M. (2000). Intercultural communicative competence: the challenge for language teacher training. In A. Mountford & N. Wadham-Smith (Eds). British Studies: Intercultural Perspective.
  • Chen, G.M., Starosta, W.J. (2000). The development and validation of the intercultural sensitivity scale. Human Communication, 3 (1), 3-14.
  • Council of Europe. (2001). Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Domino, G., & Domino, M. L. (2006). Psychological testing: An introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Dörnyei, Z. (2007). Research Methods in Applied Linguistics. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Frank, J. (2013). Raising cultural awareness in English language classroom. English Teaching Forum,(4), 2-11.
  • Fritz, W, Möllenberg, A, & Chen, G. M. (2002). Measuring intercultural sensitivity in different cultural contexts. Intercultural Communication Studies. 11(2), 165- 176.
  • İz, F.B., Temel, A.B. (2017). Cultural awareness scale: psychometric properties of the Turkish version. Collegian. 24, 499- 504.
  • Karasar, N. (2014). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi (26.baskı). Ankara: Nobel Yayınevi.
  • Kramsch, C. (2003). Language and Culture (4th Ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Mountford, A, Wadham- Smith, N. (Eds) (2000). British Studies: Intercultural Perspective. Essex: Longman.
  • Perng, S. J. & Watson, R. (2012). Construct validation of the nurse cultural competence scale: A hierarchy of abilities. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 1678-1684.
  • Portalla, T., Chen, G.M. (2010). The development and validation of the intercultural effectiveness scale. Intercultural Communication Studies, 19 (3), 21- 37.
  • Porto, M. (2000). Integrating the teaching of language and culture. In A. Mountford & N. Wadham-Smith (Eds). British Studies: Intercultural Perspective. Rew, L., Becker, H., Cookston, J.,khosropour, S. & Martinez, S. (2003). Measuring cultural awareness in nursing students. Journal of Nursing Education, 42 (6), 249- 257.
  • Schim, S. M., Doorenbos, A. Z., Miller, J., & Benkert, R. (2003). Development of a Cultural Competence Assessment Instrument. Journal of Nursing Measurement, 11(1), 29-40. Shemshadsara, Z.G. (2012). Developing cultural awareness in foreign language teaching. English Language Teaching, 5 (3), 95-99.
  • Suhr, D. (2006). Exploratory or Confirmatory Factor Analysis. SAS Users Group International Conference. Cary: SAS Institute, Inc.
  • Sun, L. ((2013) Culture teaching in foreign language teaching. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 3 (2), 371- 375.
  • Sutton, B. (2013). The Effects of Technology in Society and Education (Master’s thesis, State University of New York), 1-66.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics. Boston, Pearson Education, Inc.
  • Tavakol, M., & Dennick, R. (2011). Making sense of Cronbach’s alpha. International Journal of Medical Education, (2), 53-55.
  • Tavşancıl, E. (2014). Tutumların Ölçülmesi ve SPSS ile Veri Analizi (5. Baskı). Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
  • Tomalin, B, Stempleski, S. (1993). Cultural Awareness. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Zhao, B. (2011). How to enhance culture teaching in English language classes. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 1(7), 847- 850.
  • Zhu, H. (2011). From intercultural awareness to intercultural empathy. English Language Teaching, 4 (1), 116- 119.

A STUDY ON DEVELOPING INTERCULTURAL AWARENESS SCALE (ICAS) AND EXAMINING ELT STUDENTS’ INTERCULTURAL AWARENESS

Year 2020, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 445 - 461, 28.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.35452/caless.2020.23

Abstract

This study aims to examine ELT students’ intercultural awareness levels according to various variables. To attain this goal, a scale measuring intercultural awareness was developed in the first phase. The scale development process was carried out with data of 207 ELT students studying in a state university. After collecting the data, exploratory factor analysis was computed, and a 24-item scale was obtained as a result of the AFA. The developed scale was administered to a different group of students consisting of 182 students (Male=71, Female=111). The collected data were analysed considering the extraneous variables like gender, grade, presence abroad and the number of been abroad. Since the test of normality results pointed out the skew distribution among all the variables, comparisons were made through non-parametric analysis techniques. The results showed that the students’ intercultural awareness did not significantly change according to their genders, grades, or the number of been abroad; however, their intercultural awareness significantly changed according to their presence abroad. According to the results, the students having been abroad had higher intercultural awareness compared to the ones who did not go abroad. 

References

  • Baker, W. (2012). From cultural awareness to intercultural awareness: culture in ELT. ELT Journal. 66(1), 62-70.
  • Büyüköztürk, S. (2016). Sosyal Bilimler için Veri Analizi El Kitabı (22nd ed.). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Briones, E., Tabernero, C., Tramontano, C., Caprara, G. V., & Arenas, A. (2009). Development of a Cultural Self-efficacy Scale for Adolescents (CSES-A). International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 33(4), 301-312.
  • Byram, M. (2000). Intercultural communicative competence: the challenge for language teacher training. In A. Mountford & N. Wadham-Smith (Eds). British Studies: Intercultural Perspective.
  • Chen, G.M., Starosta, W.J. (2000). The development and validation of the intercultural sensitivity scale. Human Communication, 3 (1), 3-14.
  • Council of Europe. (2001). Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Domino, G., & Domino, M. L. (2006). Psychological testing: An introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Dörnyei, Z. (2007). Research Methods in Applied Linguistics. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Frank, J. (2013). Raising cultural awareness in English language classroom. English Teaching Forum,(4), 2-11.
  • Fritz, W, Möllenberg, A, & Chen, G. M. (2002). Measuring intercultural sensitivity in different cultural contexts. Intercultural Communication Studies. 11(2), 165- 176.
  • İz, F.B., Temel, A.B. (2017). Cultural awareness scale: psychometric properties of the Turkish version. Collegian. 24, 499- 504.
  • Karasar, N. (2014). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi (26.baskı). Ankara: Nobel Yayınevi.
  • Kramsch, C. (2003). Language and Culture (4th Ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Mountford, A, Wadham- Smith, N. (Eds) (2000). British Studies: Intercultural Perspective. Essex: Longman.
  • Perng, S. J. & Watson, R. (2012). Construct validation of the nurse cultural competence scale: A hierarchy of abilities. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 1678-1684.
  • Portalla, T., Chen, G.M. (2010). The development and validation of the intercultural effectiveness scale. Intercultural Communication Studies, 19 (3), 21- 37.
  • Porto, M. (2000). Integrating the teaching of language and culture. In A. Mountford & N. Wadham-Smith (Eds). British Studies: Intercultural Perspective. Rew, L., Becker, H., Cookston, J.,khosropour, S. & Martinez, S. (2003). Measuring cultural awareness in nursing students. Journal of Nursing Education, 42 (6), 249- 257.
  • Schim, S. M., Doorenbos, A. Z., Miller, J., & Benkert, R. (2003). Development of a Cultural Competence Assessment Instrument. Journal of Nursing Measurement, 11(1), 29-40. Shemshadsara, Z.G. (2012). Developing cultural awareness in foreign language teaching. English Language Teaching, 5 (3), 95-99.
  • Suhr, D. (2006). Exploratory or Confirmatory Factor Analysis. SAS Users Group International Conference. Cary: SAS Institute, Inc.
  • Sun, L. ((2013) Culture teaching in foreign language teaching. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 3 (2), 371- 375.
  • Sutton, B. (2013). The Effects of Technology in Society and Education (Master’s thesis, State University of New York), 1-66.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics. Boston, Pearson Education, Inc.
  • Tavakol, M., & Dennick, R. (2011). Making sense of Cronbach’s alpha. International Journal of Medical Education, (2), 53-55.
  • Tavşancıl, E. (2014). Tutumların Ölçülmesi ve SPSS ile Veri Analizi (5. Baskı). Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
  • Tomalin, B, Stempleski, S. (1993). Cultural Awareness. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Zhao, B. (2011). How to enhance culture teaching in English language classes. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 1(7), 847- 850.
  • Zhu, H. (2011). From intercultural awareness to intercultural empathy. English Language Teaching, 4 (1), 116- 119.
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Other Fields of Education
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Özlem Saka

Burak Asma 0000-0002-3602-3867

Publication Date June 28, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 2 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Saka, Ö., & Asma, B. (2020). A STUDY ON DEVELOPING INTERCULTURAL AWARENESS SCALE (ICAS) AND EXAMINING ELT STUDENTS’ INTERCULTURAL AWARENESS. International Journal of Current Approaches in Language, Education and Social Sciences, 2(1), 445-461. https://doi.org/10.35452/caless.2020.23