Research Article
Year 2018,
Volume: 8 Issue: 15, 33 - 64, 22.04.2018
Abstract
On May 29, 2012, the
violence following the allegations that a Buddhist woman was raped by three
Rohingya Muslims in Rakhine (Arakan) province put the Rohingya people on the
agenda of the international public. The transformation of attacks by state and
state-sponsored activists against Rohingya people into ethnic cleansing
operations has brought with it a great tragedy of humanity. With operations,
thousands of Rohingya people lost their lives for nearly six years, leaving
hundreds of thousands of homes to shelter in neighboring countries.Rohingya
people came to the world agenda with these events. But it is possible to say
there are historical background of the living. Because Rohingya people are the
minority group that has been subjected to the most discrimination and violence
since the establishment of the modern Myanmar state. Despite the fact that
violence and discrimination have attracted more international public reaction
in recent years, the Myanmar government continues to ignore and destroy the
Rohingya people.This situation has made it an important requirement that the
Rohingya tragedy be evaluated in international legal dimension. In this
context, firstly Rohingya politics of Myanmar will be discussed and then how
the event will be evaluated in the context of international law.From this point
of view, in this study, firstly Rohingya politics of Myanmar will be discussed
and then how the event will be evaluated in the context of international law.
Keywords
References
- AHMED, Imtiaz (2013), “Devletsiz Rohingyaların Vahim Durumu ve Ne Yapılmalı?”, Çev. Huri Küçük, Der. Abdurrahman Babacan, Araf’ta Bir Toplum: Arakan, İstanbul, İnsan Hakları ve Mazlumlar İçin Dayanışma Derneği (MAZLUMDER) Yayınları, ss. 14-24.AMBOS, Kai (2009), “What Does ‘Intent to Destroy’ in Genocide Mean?”, International Review of Red Cross, C. 91, Sy. 876, ss. 833-858.AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL (21 Kasım 2017), “Myanmar: Rohingya Trapped in Dehumanising Apartheid Regime”, https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2017/11/myanmar-rohingya-trapped-in-dehumanising-apartheid-regime/, Erişim tarihi: 2 Şubat 2018.ARAL, Berdal (2013), “Self-Determinasyon Hakkı Ekseninde Burma’daki Rohingya Azınlığı” Der. Abdurrahman Babacan, Araf’ta Bir Toplum: Arakan, İstanbul, İnsan Hakları ve Mazlumlar İçin Dayanışma Derneği (MAZLUMDER) Yayınları, ss. 26-43.BAHAR, Abid (21 Aralık 2012), “Racism to Rohingya in Burma”, http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs14/ARAKAN-Racism_to_Rohingya-red.pdf, Erişim tarihi 13 Ocak 2017.BBC NEWS (3 Temmuz 2014), “Why is There Communal Violence in Myanmar?”, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-18395788, Erişim tarihi: 10 Ocak 2018.BBC NEWS (9 Ekim 2016), “Myanmar Policemen Killed in Rakhine Border Attack”, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-37601928, Erişim tarihi 20 Ocak 2018.BBC NEWS (16 Ocak 2017), “Rohingya Crisis: Bangladesh and Myanmar Agree Repatriation Timeframe”, 16 Ocak 2018, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-42699602, Erişim tarihi 20 Ocak 2018. BBC NEWS (19 Eylül 2017), “Myanmar: What Sparked Latest Violence in Rakhine?”, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-41082689, Erişim tarihi: 27 Ocak 2018.BBC NEWS (18 Aralık 2017), “Myanmar Rohingya: What You Need to Know About the Crisis, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-41566561, Erişim tarihi: 29 Aralık 2017.BBC TÜRKÇE (24 Kasım 2016), “Zulümden Kaçamayan Halk: Arakanlı Müslümanlar”, http://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-38077770, Erişim tarihi 20 Ocak 2018. BENNET, James (14 Aralık 2017),“Rohingya Death Toll Likely Above 10,000, MSF Says Amid Exodus”, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-12-14/rohingya-death-toll-in-the-thousands-says-msf/9260552, Erişim tarihi 20 Ocak 2018. BUCHANAN, Francis (2003), “A Comparative Vocabulary of Some of the Languages Spoken in the Burma Empire”, SOAS Bulletin of Burma Research, C. 1, Sy. 1, ss. 40-57.BURMA CITIZENSHIP LAW (15 Ekim 1982), http://un-act.org/publication/view/myanmars-citizenship-law-1982/, Erişim tarihi 17 Ocak 2018.CHAN, Aye (2005), “The Development of a Muslim Enclave in Arakan (Rakhine) State of Burma (Myanmar)”, SOAS Bulletin of Burma Research, C. 3, Sy. 2, ss. 396-420.CIA WORLD FACTBOOK (2017), “Burma Country Profile”, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bm.html, Erişim tarihi: 29 Aralık 2017.ÇEBİ, Emrin (2017), Myanmar’ın Rohingya Çıkmazı: Arakan’da Tarihî Süreç, İç Dinamikler ve Uluslararası Aktörler, İnsani ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Merkezi (İNSAMER), Araştırma 37.DAILY MAIL ONLINE (22 Ekim 2017), “Over 600,000 Rohingya Have Fled to Bangladesh, UN Says”, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/wires/afp/article-5005757/Bangladesh-braces-possible-surge-Rohingya-arrivals.html, Erişim tarihi: 29 Aralık 2017.DALAR, Mehmet (2008), “Dayton Barış Antlaşması ve Bosna Hersek’in Geleceği”, Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, C. 1, Sayı 16, ss. 91-123.DALAR, Mehmet (2016), “BM Güvenlik Konseyi’nin Suriye Krizindeki Tutumu”, Der: Fatma Taşdemir, Suriye: Çatışma ve Uluslararası Hukuk, Ankara, Nobel Yayınları, ss. 1-42.DENİZ, Kılınç (25 Aralık 2017), “Çin ve Rusya BM'nin Myanmar Kararını Reddetti”, http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/cin-ve-rusya-bmnin-myanmar-kararini-reddetti-40689024, Erişim tarihi: 4 Şubat 2017.ELEKDAĞ, Sevin (2008), “Uluslararası Adalet Divanı’nın Kararı: Soykırım Hukukuna Önemli Bir Katkı”, Der. Sevin Elekdağ ve Erhan Türbedar, Uluslararası Suçlar Bosna-Hersek Örneği, Ankara, ASAM-İKSAREN Yayınları.EVANS, Graham ve NEWNHAM, Jeffrey (2007), Uluslararası İlişkiler Sözlüğü, Çev. H. Ahsen Utku, İstanbul, Gökkubbe Yayınları.GÖKCAN, Özkan (2010), “Myanmar (Burma): Karanlıkta Yazılan Tarih”, Der. K. İnat, B. Duran ve M. Ataman, Dünya Çatışmaları: Çatışma Bölgeleri ve Konuları Cilt 2, Ankara, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, ss. 531-545.HALATÇI, Ülkü (2013), “Uluslararası Hukuk Açısından Libya ve Suriye Örneğinde Koruma Sorumluluğu”, Türkiye Adalet Akademisi Dergisi, C. 4, Sy. 14, ss. 269-297.HAQUE, Nicolas (21 Eylül 2017), “Rohingya Hindus Now Face Uncertainty in Myanmar”, http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/09/rohingya-hindus-face-uncertainty-myanmar-170921093116573.html, Erişim tarihi 10 Ocak 2018.HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH, “Rohingya Crisis”, https://www.hrw.org/tag/rohingya-crisis, Erişim tarihi: 2 Şubat 2018.HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH (22 Nisan 2013), “All You Can Do is Pray”, https://www.hrw.org/report/2013/04/22/all-you-can-do-pray/crimes-against-humanity-and-ethnic-cleansing-rohingya-muslims, Erişim tarihi: 19 Ocak 2018.IBRAHIM, Azeem (2016), The Rohingyas: Inside Myanmar’s Hidden Genocide, London, Hurst&Company.INKEY, Mark (17 Temmuz 2013), “Thein Sein Talks at Chatham House”, http://www.newmandala.org/thein-sein-talks-at-chatham-house/, Erişim tarihi: 19 Ocak 2018.INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE (24 Mayıs 1980), United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran United States V. Iran, http://www.worldcourts.com/icj/eng/decisions/1980.05.24_consular_staff.htm, Erişim tarihi: 6 Şubat 2016. INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON INTERVENTION AND STATE SOVEREIGNTY (2001),The Responsibility to Protect, Ottawa, International Development Research Centre Publications.KAYINI, Hannah ve NANG, Saw (10 Ocak 2018), “Reuters Reporters Are Charged in Myanmar With Obtaining State Secrets”, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/10/world/asia/myanmar-reuters-reporters.html, Erişim tarihi: 4 Şubat 2018.KIRONSKA, Kristina (2017), “The Rohingya Oxymoron: Stateless People Leaving Their Home Country”, Samuel C. Y. Ku ve Kristina Kironska (der.), Migration in East and Southeast Asia, Toh Tuck Link, Wolrd Scientific Publishing, ss. 213-240.LEIDER, Jacques P. (18 Ekim 2012), “The Muslims in Rakhine and the Political Project of the Rohingyas”, http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs21/Jacques-P-Leider-2012-The_Muslims_in_Rakhine_and_the_political_project_of_the_Rohingyas-en.pdf, Erişim tarihi 17 Ocak 2018.LONE, Wa ve NAING, Shoon (25 Ağustos 2017), “Rohingya Muslim Militants Armed with Machetes 'Ambush Burma Police' Killing up to 32”, http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/rohingya-burma-myanmar-muslim-attack-ambush-police-dead-machetes-rakhine-a7911601.html, Erişim tarihi 20 Ocak 2018.MÉDECINS SANS FRONTIÈRES-HOLLAND (2002),10 Years for the Rohingya Refugees in Bangladesh: Past, Present and Future, Amsterdam, Medecins Sans Frontieres-Holland Publications.MINORITY RIGHT GROUP, “Myanmar/Burma - Muslims and Rohingya”, http://minorityrights.org/minorities/muslims-and-rohingya/, Erişim tarihi: 19 Ocak 2018.NEMOTO, Kei (2005), “The Rohingya Issue: A Thorny Obstacle between Burma (Myanmar) and Bangladesh”, Der. K. Inoue, E. Arai ve M. Murayama, Elusive Borders: Changing Sub-regional Relations in Eastern South Asia, Chiba/Japan, Institute of Developing Economies, Chiba, Institute of Developing Economies Publications, ss. 137-155.OMI, Saiful Huq (5 Temmuz 2012), “Rights Group Slams Abuse of Rohingyas”, http://www.rfa.org/english/news/myanmar/abuse-07052012172223.html, Erişim tarihi: 19 Ocak 2018.ÖZAY, Mehmet (2013), Arakan Müslümanları: Kaybolmaya Yüz Tutmuş Bir Halkın Hikayesi, İstanbul, Metamorfoz Yayıncılık.SEEKINS, Donald M. (2017), Historical Dictionary of Burma, London, Rowman and Littlefield Publications.SELTH, Andrew (2003), Burma’s Muslims: Terrorists or Terrorised?, Canbera, Strategic and Defence Studies Centre The Australian National University.SOYKIRIM SUÇUNUN ÖNLENMESİNE VE CEZALANDIRILMASINA DAİR SÖZLEŞME (1948). https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/komisyon/insanhaklari/pdf01/33-36.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 3 Şubat 2018.SZEP, Jason (15 Mayıs 2013), “Special Report - In Myanmar, Apartheid Tactics against Minority Muslims”, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-myanmar-rohingya-specialreport/special-report-in-myanmar-apartheid-tactics-against-minority-muslims-idUSBRE94E00020130515, Erişim tarihi: 19 Ocak 2018.TELLİ, Azime (2012), “İnsani Müdahaleden Koruma Sorumluluğuna Geçiş: Eski Sorun, Yeni Kavram”, Nevşehir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, C. 1, Sy 2, ss. 206-220.THE CONSTITUTION OF UNION THE UNION OF BURMA (1974), http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs07/1974Constitution.pdf, Erişim tarihi 15 Ocak 2018.UNITED NATIONS (1945), Charter of the United Nations and Statute of the International Court of Justice, New York, UN Publications.UNITED NATIONS (2005), Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts 2001, New York, UN Publications.UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY (8 Eylül 2017),Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in Myanmar A/72/382, New York, UN Publications. UNITED NATIONS HUMAN RIGHTS OFFICE OF THE HIGH COMISSIONER (2017), Report of OHCHR Mission to Bangladesh Interviews with Rohingyas Fleeing from Myanmar since 9 October 2016, New York, OHCHR Publications.UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL (28 Nisan 2006), Resolution 1674 (2006) Adopted by the Security Council at its 5430th Meeting, on 28 April 2006, New York, UN Publications.UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL (6 Kasım 2017),Statement by the President of Security Council S/PRST/2017/22, New York, UN Publications.YEGAR, Moshe (1972), The Muslims of Burma: A Study of a Minorty Group, Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden.YEGAR, Moshe (2002), Between Integration and Secession: The Muslim Communities of the Southern Thailand, and Western Burma/Myanmar, Maryland, Lexington Books.YUNUS, Mohammed (1994), A History of Arakan (Past & Present), Chittagong, University of Chittagong Publications.YUNUS, Mohammed (2017), Arakan’da Rohingya Soykırımı: Gerekçe, Yöntem ve Soruna Yönelik Çözüm Önerileri, Çev. Münire Zeynep Maksudoğlu, Ankara, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı Yayınları.ZARNI, Maung (5 Ekim 2012), “Did the Gov’t Incite the Racial Violence Targeting the Rohingya?”, http://www.dvb.no/analysis/did-the-govt-incite-the-racial-violence-targeting-the-rohingya/24116, Erişim tarihi: 19 Ocak 2018.ZARNI, Maung ve COWLEY, Alice (2014), “The Slow-Burning Genocide Of Myanmar’s Rohingya”, Pacific Rim Law & Policy Journal, C. 23, Sy. 3, ss. 681-752.
Year 2018,
Volume: 8 Issue: 15, 33 - 64, 22.04.2018
Abstract
29
Mayıs 2012'de Rakhine (Arakan) eyaletinde Budist bir kadının üç Rohingya
Müslümanının tecavüzüne uğradığına yönelik iddiaların ardından çıkan şiddet
olayları Rohingyaları bir anda uluslararası kamuoyunun gündemine taşımıştır.
Rohingyalara yönelik devlet ve devlet destekli eylemciler tarafından
gerçekleştirilen saldırıların etnik temizlik operasyonuna dönüşmesi, büyük bir
insanlık trajedisini beraberinde getirmiştir. Operasyonlarla birlikte yaklaşık
6 yıllık süreçte binlerce Rohingya Müslümanı hayatını kaybederken, yüz
binlercesi evlerini terk ederek komşu ülkelere sığınmak zorunda kalmıştır. Dünyanın
gözünün Rohingyalara dönmesi bu olaylarla gerçekleşmiş olsa da yaşanan
olayların tarihsel temellerinin olduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Zira Rohingyalar
modern Myanmar devletinin kurulmasından bu yana en fazla ayrımcılığa ve şiddete
maruz kalan azınlık grubudur. Söz konusu şiddet ve ayrımcılık son yıllarda
uluslararası kamuoyunun tepkisini daha fazla çekmesine rağmen Myanmar yönetimi
Rohingyaları yok saymaya ve yok etmeye devam etmektedir. Bu durum Rohingya
trajedisinin uluslararası hukuksal boyutuyla değerlendirilmesini önemli bir
gereklilik haline getirmiştir. Bu kapsamdan hareketle çalışmada öncelikle
Myanmar’ın Rohingya politikası ele alınmakta ardından ise olayın uluslararası
hukuk bağlamında nasıl değerlendirileceği ele alınmaktadır.
Keywords
References
- AHMED, Imtiaz (2013), “Devletsiz Rohingyaların Vahim Durumu ve Ne Yapılmalı?”, Çev. Huri Küçük, Der. Abdurrahman Babacan, Araf’ta Bir Toplum: Arakan, İstanbul, İnsan Hakları ve Mazlumlar İçin Dayanışma Derneği (MAZLUMDER) Yayınları, ss. 14-24.AMBOS, Kai (2009), “What Does ‘Intent to Destroy’ in Genocide Mean?”, International Review of Red Cross, C. 91, Sy. 876, ss. 833-858.AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL (21 Kasım 2017), “Myanmar: Rohingya Trapped in Dehumanising Apartheid Regime”, https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2017/11/myanmar-rohingya-trapped-in-dehumanising-apartheid-regime/, Erişim tarihi: 2 Şubat 2018.ARAL, Berdal (2013), “Self-Determinasyon Hakkı Ekseninde Burma’daki Rohingya Azınlığı” Der. Abdurrahman Babacan, Araf’ta Bir Toplum: Arakan, İstanbul, İnsan Hakları ve Mazlumlar İçin Dayanışma Derneği (MAZLUMDER) Yayınları, ss. 26-43.BAHAR, Abid (21 Aralık 2012), “Racism to Rohingya in Burma”, http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs14/ARAKAN-Racism_to_Rohingya-red.pdf, Erişim tarihi 13 Ocak 2017.BBC NEWS (3 Temmuz 2014), “Why is There Communal Violence in Myanmar?”, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-18395788, Erişim tarihi: 10 Ocak 2018.BBC NEWS (9 Ekim 2016), “Myanmar Policemen Killed in Rakhine Border Attack”, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-37601928, Erişim tarihi 20 Ocak 2018.BBC NEWS (16 Ocak 2017), “Rohingya Crisis: Bangladesh and Myanmar Agree Repatriation Timeframe”, 16 Ocak 2018, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-42699602, Erişim tarihi 20 Ocak 2018. BBC NEWS (19 Eylül 2017), “Myanmar: What Sparked Latest Violence in Rakhine?”, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-41082689, Erişim tarihi: 27 Ocak 2018.BBC NEWS (18 Aralık 2017), “Myanmar Rohingya: What You Need to Know About the Crisis, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-41566561, Erişim tarihi: 29 Aralık 2017.BBC TÜRKÇE (24 Kasım 2016), “Zulümden Kaçamayan Halk: Arakanlı Müslümanlar”, http://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-38077770, Erişim tarihi 20 Ocak 2018. BENNET, James (14 Aralık 2017),“Rohingya Death Toll Likely Above 10,000, MSF Says Amid Exodus”, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-12-14/rohingya-death-toll-in-the-thousands-says-msf/9260552, Erişim tarihi 20 Ocak 2018. BUCHANAN, Francis (2003), “A Comparative Vocabulary of Some of the Languages Spoken in the Burma Empire”, SOAS Bulletin of Burma Research, C. 1, Sy. 1, ss. 40-57.BURMA CITIZENSHIP LAW (15 Ekim 1982), http://un-act.org/publication/view/myanmars-citizenship-law-1982/, Erişim tarihi 17 Ocak 2018.CHAN, Aye (2005), “The Development of a Muslim Enclave in Arakan (Rakhine) State of Burma (Myanmar)”, SOAS Bulletin of Burma Research, C. 3, Sy. 2, ss. 396-420.CIA WORLD FACTBOOK (2017), “Burma Country Profile”, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bm.html, Erişim tarihi: 29 Aralık 2017.ÇEBİ, Emrin (2017), Myanmar’ın Rohingya Çıkmazı: Arakan’da Tarihî Süreç, İç Dinamikler ve Uluslararası Aktörler, İnsani ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Merkezi (İNSAMER), Araştırma 37.DAILY MAIL ONLINE (22 Ekim 2017), “Over 600,000 Rohingya Have Fled to Bangladesh, UN Says”, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/wires/afp/article-5005757/Bangladesh-braces-possible-surge-Rohingya-arrivals.html, Erişim tarihi: 29 Aralık 2017.DALAR, Mehmet (2008), “Dayton Barış Antlaşması ve Bosna Hersek’in Geleceği”, Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, C. 1, Sayı 16, ss. 91-123.DALAR, Mehmet (2016), “BM Güvenlik Konseyi’nin Suriye Krizindeki Tutumu”, Der: Fatma Taşdemir, Suriye: Çatışma ve Uluslararası Hukuk, Ankara, Nobel Yayınları, ss. 1-42.DENİZ, Kılınç (25 Aralık 2017), “Çin ve Rusya BM'nin Myanmar Kararını Reddetti”, http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/cin-ve-rusya-bmnin-myanmar-kararini-reddetti-40689024, Erişim tarihi: 4 Şubat 2017.ELEKDAĞ, Sevin (2008), “Uluslararası Adalet Divanı’nın Kararı: Soykırım Hukukuna Önemli Bir Katkı”, Der. Sevin Elekdağ ve Erhan Türbedar, Uluslararası Suçlar Bosna-Hersek Örneği, Ankara, ASAM-İKSAREN Yayınları.EVANS, Graham ve NEWNHAM, Jeffrey (2007), Uluslararası İlişkiler Sözlüğü, Çev. H. Ahsen Utku, İstanbul, Gökkubbe Yayınları.GÖKCAN, Özkan (2010), “Myanmar (Burma): Karanlıkta Yazılan Tarih”, Der. K. İnat, B. Duran ve M. Ataman, Dünya Çatışmaları: Çatışma Bölgeleri ve Konuları Cilt 2, Ankara, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, ss. 531-545.HALATÇI, Ülkü (2013), “Uluslararası Hukuk Açısından Libya ve Suriye Örneğinde Koruma Sorumluluğu”, Türkiye Adalet Akademisi Dergisi, C. 4, Sy. 14, ss. 269-297.HAQUE, Nicolas (21 Eylül 2017), “Rohingya Hindus Now Face Uncertainty in Myanmar”, http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/09/rohingya-hindus-face-uncertainty-myanmar-170921093116573.html, Erişim tarihi 10 Ocak 2018.HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH, “Rohingya Crisis”, https://www.hrw.org/tag/rohingya-crisis, Erişim tarihi: 2 Şubat 2018.HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH (22 Nisan 2013), “All You Can Do is Pray”, https://www.hrw.org/report/2013/04/22/all-you-can-do-pray/crimes-against-humanity-and-ethnic-cleansing-rohingya-muslims, Erişim tarihi: 19 Ocak 2018.IBRAHIM, Azeem (2016), The Rohingyas: Inside Myanmar’s Hidden Genocide, London, Hurst&Company.INKEY, Mark (17 Temmuz 2013), “Thein Sein Talks at Chatham House”, http://www.newmandala.org/thein-sein-talks-at-chatham-house/, Erişim tarihi: 19 Ocak 2018.INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE (24 Mayıs 1980), United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran United States V. Iran, http://www.worldcourts.com/icj/eng/decisions/1980.05.24_consular_staff.htm, Erişim tarihi: 6 Şubat 2016. INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON INTERVENTION AND STATE SOVEREIGNTY (2001),The Responsibility to Protect, Ottawa, International Development Research Centre Publications.KAYINI, Hannah ve NANG, Saw (10 Ocak 2018), “Reuters Reporters Are Charged in Myanmar With Obtaining State Secrets”, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/10/world/asia/myanmar-reuters-reporters.html, Erişim tarihi: 4 Şubat 2018.KIRONSKA, Kristina (2017), “The Rohingya Oxymoron: Stateless People Leaving Their Home Country”, Samuel C. Y. Ku ve Kristina Kironska (der.), Migration in East and Southeast Asia, Toh Tuck Link, Wolrd Scientific Publishing, ss. 213-240.LEIDER, Jacques P. (18 Ekim 2012), “The Muslims in Rakhine and the Political Project of the Rohingyas”, http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs21/Jacques-P-Leider-2012-The_Muslims_in_Rakhine_and_the_political_project_of_the_Rohingyas-en.pdf, Erişim tarihi 17 Ocak 2018.LONE, Wa ve NAING, Shoon (25 Ağustos 2017), “Rohingya Muslim Militants Armed with Machetes 'Ambush Burma Police' Killing up to 32”, http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/rohingya-burma-myanmar-muslim-attack-ambush-police-dead-machetes-rakhine-a7911601.html, Erişim tarihi 20 Ocak 2018.MÉDECINS SANS FRONTIÈRES-HOLLAND (2002),10 Years for the Rohingya Refugees in Bangladesh: Past, Present and Future, Amsterdam, Medecins Sans Frontieres-Holland Publications.MINORITY RIGHT GROUP, “Myanmar/Burma - Muslims and Rohingya”, http://minorityrights.org/minorities/muslims-and-rohingya/, Erişim tarihi: 19 Ocak 2018.NEMOTO, Kei (2005), “The Rohingya Issue: A Thorny Obstacle between Burma (Myanmar) and Bangladesh”, Der. K. Inoue, E. Arai ve M. Murayama, Elusive Borders: Changing Sub-regional Relations in Eastern South Asia, Chiba/Japan, Institute of Developing Economies, Chiba, Institute of Developing Economies Publications, ss. 137-155.OMI, Saiful Huq (5 Temmuz 2012), “Rights Group Slams Abuse of Rohingyas”, http://www.rfa.org/english/news/myanmar/abuse-07052012172223.html, Erişim tarihi: 19 Ocak 2018.ÖZAY, Mehmet (2013), Arakan Müslümanları: Kaybolmaya Yüz Tutmuş Bir Halkın Hikayesi, İstanbul, Metamorfoz Yayıncılık.SEEKINS, Donald M. (2017), Historical Dictionary of Burma, London, Rowman and Littlefield Publications.SELTH, Andrew (2003), Burma’s Muslims: Terrorists or Terrorised?, Canbera, Strategic and Defence Studies Centre The Australian National University.SOYKIRIM SUÇUNUN ÖNLENMESİNE VE CEZALANDIRILMASINA DAİR SÖZLEŞME (1948). https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/komisyon/insanhaklari/pdf01/33-36.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 3 Şubat 2018.SZEP, Jason (15 Mayıs 2013), “Special Report - In Myanmar, Apartheid Tactics against Minority Muslims”, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-myanmar-rohingya-specialreport/special-report-in-myanmar-apartheid-tactics-against-minority-muslims-idUSBRE94E00020130515, Erişim tarihi: 19 Ocak 2018.TELLİ, Azime (2012), “İnsani Müdahaleden Koruma Sorumluluğuna Geçiş: Eski Sorun, Yeni Kavram”, Nevşehir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, C. 1, Sy 2, ss. 206-220.THE CONSTITUTION OF UNION THE UNION OF BURMA (1974), http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs07/1974Constitution.pdf, Erişim tarihi 15 Ocak 2018.UNITED NATIONS (1945), Charter of the United Nations and Statute of the International Court of Justice, New York, UN Publications.UNITED NATIONS (2005), Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts 2001, New York, UN Publications.UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY (8 Eylül 2017),Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in Myanmar A/72/382, New York, UN Publications. UNITED NATIONS HUMAN RIGHTS OFFICE OF THE HIGH COMISSIONER (2017), Report of OHCHR Mission to Bangladesh Interviews with Rohingyas Fleeing from Myanmar since 9 October 2016, New York, OHCHR Publications.UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL (28 Nisan 2006), Resolution 1674 (2006) Adopted by the Security Council at its 5430th Meeting, on 28 April 2006, New York, UN Publications.UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL (6 Kasım 2017),Statement by the President of Security Council S/PRST/2017/22, New York, UN Publications.YEGAR, Moshe (1972), The Muslims of Burma: A Study of a Minorty Group, Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden.YEGAR, Moshe (2002), Between Integration and Secession: The Muslim Communities of the Southern Thailand, and Western Burma/Myanmar, Maryland, Lexington Books.YUNUS, Mohammed (1994), A History of Arakan (Past & Present), Chittagong, University of Chittagong Publications.YUNUS, Mohammed (2017), Arakan’da Rohingya Soykırımı: Gerekçe, Yöntem ve Soruna Yönelik Çözüm Önerileri, Çev. Münire Zeynep Maksudoğlu, Ankara, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı Yayınları.ZARNI, Maung (5 Ekim 2012), “Did the Gov’t Incite the Racial Violence Targeting the Rohingya?”, http://www.dvb.no/analysis/did-the-govt-incite-the-racial-violence-targeting-the-rohingya/24116, Erişim tarihi: 19 Ocak 2018.ZARNI, Maung ve COWLEY, Alice (2014), “The Slow-Burning Genocide Of Myanmar’s Rohingya”, Pacific Rim Law & Policy Journal, C. 23, Sy. 3, ss. 681-752.
There are 1 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Political Science |
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | April 22, 2018 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2018Volume: 8 Issue: 15 |
Cited By
ARAKAN ROHİNGYA MÜSLÜMANLARININ TARİHİ
İslam Medeniyeti Araştırmaları Dergisi
Hüseyin GÜNARSLAN
https://doi.org/10.20486/imad.810265
