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GEÇİŞ DÖNEMİNDE SUDAN’IN DIŞ POLİTİKADA YAŞADIĞI ZORLUKLAR VE BUNLARIN ULUSAL GÜVENLİK ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ

Year 2021, Issue: 22, 63 - 96, 21.10.2021
https://doi.org/10.29029/busbed.837113

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın temel argümanı, geçiş döneminde Sudan’ın uluslararası ilişkilerinin yeniden yapılandırılmadan bu ülkede istikrarın sağlanamayacağı konusudur. Çalışmada yazar, Beşir hükümetini deviren halk devriminin yarattığı son gelişmelerin ardından Sudan dış politikasında meydana gelen güçlükleri incelemektedir. Bu güçlüklerin ülkenin ulusal güvenliğine yarattığı etkiler bölgesel ve uluslararası boyutlarıyla ele alınmaktadır. Dış politikanın modern Sudan devletinin inşasını içeren geçiş sürecinde ve devlet liderliğinin bölgesel ve uluslararası topluluğa aktif biçimde katılımında oynadığı role vurgu yapılmaktadır. Bu husus, geçiş sürecinde Sudan diplomasisi ve dış politikasının önemli bir rol oynamasına neden olmaktadır. Bu noktada ülkenin geçiş dönemini barış içinde tamamlama ihtiyacına yönelik olarak ulusal çıkarların sağlanması için uluslararası desteği temin edecek şekilde bu boyutların ele alınmasının önemine değinilmektedir. Bu bağlamda, bu makalenin odaklandığı temel noktalar geçiş döneminde dış politikanın rolü ve önemi, bu alanda karşılaşılan güçlükler ve dış politikanın olumlu katkılarının artırılması için başvurulabilecek yöntemlerdir.

References

  • ABDEL HAMEED, Lubaba El-Fadl (2012), “Tajrubat El-Islamıyeen Fi Idarat El-Tanawu Fi Elsudan: Elmarjaia Beyn El-Nazaria Wa El-Mumarasa”, Matbaat Awr, Khartoum, Sudan.
  • ABU RAS, Nour Tawoor Kafi (2010), “Azmat El-Dawla Fi El-Sudan Wa Mashrou El-Takhier El- Librali: Awrakh Wa Kitabaat Siyasia Wa Hewarat Sahafia”, Markaz El-Fikr El-Hur, Khartoum, Sudan.
  • ACEMOĞLU, Daron and ROBİNSON James, (2013): "Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power Prosperity and Poverty", London EC1A 7JQ. United Kingdom: Profile Books.
  • AHMED, Abdulkhfar Mohammed (1995), “El-Sudan Beyn El-Oruba Wa El-Afrikania”, Markaz El-Buhoos Lil Dirasat Wa El-Atawseekh Wa El-Nashr, El-Khahira, Masr.
  • AL-BANNA, Sıddıg Ahmed Ismail (2012), “Eljanoub Midalat El-Amn El-Khawmi Fi El-Sudan”, Sharikat Matabi El-Sudan Lil Umla El-Mahduda, Khartoum, Sudan.
  • AL-AMIN, Rania (2018), “El-Sudan… Laib Rais Fi Takhikh Salam Afrikhia El-Wusta”, Markaz El-Sudani Lil Khadamat El-Sahafia, El-Khartoum.
  • AL-AZHARI, Ismail (Undated), “El-Tarih Ila El-Barlaman”, Dar El-Sahkafa Lil- Nashr Wa El-Tawzi, Beirut, Lebonan.
  • AL-HUSSEIN, Yassir Mahjoup (2015), “El-Khartoum Wa Asateer El-Siyasa El-Kharjia”, Mawkhi Eljazira El-Illıktoroni.
  • AL-JAHANI, Ali Bin Fayiz; AL-SAYAT, Adbdulaati Ahmed; AL-BIDANIYA Ziyab Musa ve Adulhamid, Mohamed Farukh, (2004): "Al-Amn Al-Siyahi ", 1. Baskı, Al-Riyadh: Naif University For Security Sciences.
  • AL-MAHBOUB, Al-Mahboub Abdulsalam (2009), “Alharaka El-Islamia El-Sudania: Dairat El-Dawo… Khout El-Zalam”, Maktabat Jazirat Elward, El-Khahira, Masr.
  • AL-MALTHAM, Tawfik Ahmef Mustafa (2010), “Istiratijeet Al*Amn El*Khawmi Li Davlat Wadi El-Nil El-Ikhlimia Mısr Wa El-Sudan”, Sharikat Matabi El-Sudan Lil Umla El-Mahduda, Khartoum, Sudan. AL-TUNISI, Mohammed Bib Fadol (2007), “El-Sudan Min El-Hiwar Ila El-Azma El-Maftoha: Siraa El-Hawiya Wa Ishaliyat El-Intima”, Dar El-Kalma Lil Nashr Wa El-Tawzie, El- Mansoura, Masr.
  • AL-QADDAL, Mohammed Said (1992), “(El-Islam Va El-Siyasa Fi El-Sudan 1651-1985)”, Dar El-Jeel Lil Nashr va El-Tıbaa, Beirut, Lebanon.
  • BALLAH, Awad El-Kareem El-Rayah (2011), “El-Awlama Wa El-Siyasa El-Kharejia El-Sudania”, Markaz Rast Lil Dirasat El-Siyasia Wa El-Istirajia. COLLINS, Robert O. (2008), “Tarikh El-Sudan El-Hadis”, El-Markaz El-Khawmi Lil Tarjama, Dar Eyn Lil Nashr, El-Iskandiriya, Cairo.
  • DOOP, Volkert Mathijs, (2013): “How To Handle Your Neighbours’ Conflict: Ethiopia’s Relationships With Sudan And South Sudan”, UNISCI Discussion Papers.
  • HASSAN, Yousif Fadol (2004), “Tarikh Min El-Dawla El-Osmaniya: Malamih Min El-Elakhat El-Turkiya El-Sudaniya”, Dar Jamiat El-Khartoum Lil-Nashr, El-Khartoum, El-Sudan.
  • HAUCK, Volker, (2017): “Understanding the International Conference on the Great Lakes Region (ICGLR): More than a Conference platform?”.
  • HAYATI, Eltayb Ahmed El-Mustafa (2001), “El-Sudan Wa Dowal El-Jiwar: Awamil El-Tanmia Wa El-Istikhrar”, Kulliyat El-Dirasat El-Takhnia Wa El-Tanmawia, Matbaat Jamiat El-Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
  • IBRAHIM, Jamal Mohammed (2020), “An El-Doblamasia El-Sudania: Risala Ila Moroj Afak”, Sudaress, (Erişim Tarihi: 01.010.2020).
  • JAHALLAH, Kamal (2020), “El-Sudan Tahdiyat Hukumat El-Marhala El-Intikhalia”, Majallat Mutabaat Afrikhia, Markaz El-Malik Faysal Lil Bohous Wa El-Dirasat El-Islamia.
  • KHALED, Jamal Mohammed (2009), “Tarad El-Munazzamat El-Insania Min Darfur… El-Hakhikha Wa El-Wakhi”, El- Mawkhi El-Illıktoroni Lil Wasat El-Akhbaria.
  • MAKKI, Hassan (1999), “El-Haraka El-Islamia Fi El-Sudan Tarikhaha Wa Khitabiha El-Siyasi 1969-1985”, Https://www.Ikhwanwiki.com,(Erişim Tarihi: 02.08.2020).
  • MALIK, Mohammed Mahjoup (1987), “El-Mokhawama El-Dakhlia Lil-Mahdia (1881-1898”, Dar El-Jeel Lil-Nashr, Beirut, Lebonan.
  • MANSOUR, Nidal Mohammed (2018), “El-Khimam El-Arabia…. Min Laat El-Khartoum Ila Tawasul Israil Ila Khaboul El-Salam”.
  • MESBAH, El-Shafi Bashir El-Shafi (2016), “Ibrahim Abboud Raid El-Tanmiya Fi El-Sudan: Sawrat Iktobar Khadia Kubra Atahaat Birais Fareed”.
  • MOHAMED, Abdulraheem Matoukh (2016), “Asar Jokhrafiyat Hood El-Nil Fi El-Alakhat Feyn Juwarihi”, Majalat Külliyat El-Tarbia, El-Adad El-Sadis, ss. 274-289.
  • MOHAMED, Fouad Shokri (1963), “Masır va El-Sudan: Tarikh Vehdat Wadi El-Nil Fi El-Kharn El-Tasi Ashr 1820-1899”, Dar Al-Maaref, Cairo.
  • MUHAMMAD, Mohammed Suliman (2006), “El-Sudan Horoup El-Mawarid Wa El- Hawia”, Dar Azza Lil-Nashr Wa Eltawzi, Khartoum, Sudan.
  • MUHAMMAD ZAIN, Mandour Osman (2008), “El-Ilam El-Khareji Wa Dawraho Fi Dam El-Amal El-Dunlomasi Fi El-Sudan”, Markaz Abu Saleem Lil Dirasat, Khartoum, Sudan.
  • MUSA, Ismail El-Haj (1992), “Mustakhbal El-Sikha El-Siyasiya Fi El-Sudan”, Dar Jamiat El-Khartoum Lil Nashr, Jamiat El-Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
  • OMAR, Salih Mohammed Ahmet (2005), “Dawr El-Sudan Fi Tahrir Ethiopia va Irca El-Imprator Hellaslase Ila Arshehe 1935-1941.
  • RIDA, Adil (1975), “El-Rihan El-Israili Ala Janoub El-Sudan”, El-Maktab El-Masrı El-Hadis Lil- Tibaa Wa El-Nashr, El-Khahira, Masr.
  • SALMAN, Mohammed Ahmed (2014), “Khamsoon Amaen Ala Sawrat Ikrobar: Keyfa Sahamat Hakomat El- Farkh Abboud Fi Takheed Khadiyat Eljanoob”. . SHANTOV, El-Tayb (1998), “El-Kharn El-Afrekhı va Shamal Afreikha: Fi Tarikh Afreikha”, UNESCO.
  • TIRAB, Abbkar Tirab (2020), “Beyn El-Dakhil Wa El-Kharej El-Sudan Wa Khadaya Amnaho El-Khawmi: Min Manzor El-Idara El-Istırajia”, Dar El-Masawarat Lil Nashr, Khartoum, Sudan.
  • TIRAB, Abbkar Tirab, (2016): ‘Çokkültürlülük ve Güvenlik: Sudan Örneği’’, Sonçağ yayınları, Ankara.
  • TOUSIN, El-Ameen Omar (1936), “Mozakkerat Lil-Marhomeyn Ameer Al-Lewa Mohammed Basha Labeeb El-Shaheed Wa Ameer Alay Ahmed Bey Rıfat An Amal Al-Jeesh Almasri Fi El-Sudan Wa Masaat El-Khroq Minho.
  • TULL, Denis, M. (2005): “Sudan After The Vaivasha Peace Agreement”, German Institute For International And Security Affairs, SWP Comment 2005/C 03, February 2005, 8 Pages.
  • ZAYINABDDIN, El-Tayb (2017), “El-Sudan Mukhrijat El-Hiwar El-Watani Wa Maalatihi”, Markaz El-Jazira Lil Dirasat.
  • ZWAN, J. van der (2011): “Evaluating the EU’s Role and Challenges in Sudan”, London: International Alert. [Google Scholar].
  • WAAL, Alex De, (2007): “Sudan: İnternational Dimensions To The State And İts Crisis”, Crisis States Research Centre, Occasional Paper No. 3, Issn 1753 3082 (Online).

SUDANESE FOREIGN POLICY CHALLENGES IN THE TRANSITIONAL PERIOD AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS ON NATIONAL SECURITY

Year 2021, Issue: 22, 63 - 96, 21.10.2021
https://doi.org/10.29029/busbed.837113

Abstract

The main argument of this paper is that stability in Sudan cannot be achieved within the transitional period without a restructuring of its international relations in a manner that serves the interests of the country. Herein, the challenges in the Sudanese foreign policy were discussed after the recent changes that resulted in a popular revolution that overthrew the regime of Al-Bashir. It also highlighted the impacts of this change on Sudan's national security at both the regional and international level. It was argued that the country’s foreign policy can play a key role within the transitional period in structuring, thus leading a modern Sudanese State that can actively be involved on a local and global scale. The analysis of the current situation confirmed the critical role that the Sudanese foreign policy and diplomacy should play and the urgent need to restructure their functions, approaches, and strategy so that international support and national interests can be realized, thus allowing the transitional period to end successfully and productively. Therefore, the main idea of this study was to analyze the challenges of Sudan’s foreign policy within the transitional period and explore the possibility of its upgrading and reformation to enable a positive and effective contribution to the development and wellbeing of the country.

References

  • ABDEL HAMEED, Lubaba El-Fadl (2012), “Tajrubat El-Islamıyeen Fi Idarat El-Tanawu Fi Elsudan: Elmarjaia Beyn El-Nazaria Wa El-Mumarasa”, Matbaat Awr, Khartoum, Sudan.
  • ABU RAS, Nour Tawoor Kafi (2010), “Azmat El-Dawla Fi El-Sudan Wa Mashrou El-Takhier El- Librali: Awrakh Wa Kitabaat Siyasia Wa Hewarat Sahafia”, Markaz El-Fikr El-Hur, Khartoum, Sudan.
  • ACEMOĞLU, Daron and ROBİNSON James, (2013): "Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power Prosperity and Poverty", London EC1A 7JQ. United Kingdom: Profile Books.
  • AHMED, Abdulkhfar Mohammed (1995), “El-Sudan Beyn El-Oruba Wa El-Afrikania”, Markaz El-Buhoos Lil Dirasat Wa El-Atawseekh Wa El-Nashr, El-Khahira, Masr.
  • AL-BANNA, Sıddıg Ahmed Ismail (2012), “Eljanoub Midalat El-Amn El-Khawmi Fi El-Sudan”, Sharikat Matabi El-Sudan Lil Umla El-Mahduda, Khartoum, Sudan.
  • AL-AMIN, Rania (2018), “El-Sudan… Laib Rais Fi Takhikh Salam Afrikhia El-Wusta”, Markaz El-Sudani Lil Khadamat El-Sahafia, El-Khartoum.
  • AL-AZHARI, Ismail (Undated), “El-Tarih Ila El-Barlaman”, Dar El-Sahkafa Lil- Nashr Wa El-Tawzi, Beirut, Lebonan.
  • AL-HUSSEIN, Yassir Mahjoup (2015), “El-Khartoum Wa Asateer El-Siyasa El-Kharjia”, Mawkhi Eljazira El-Illıktoroni.
  • AL-JAHANI, Ali Bin Fayiz; AL-SAYAT, Adbdulaati Ahmed; AL-BIDANIYA Ziyab Musa ve Adulhamid, Mohamed Farukh, (2004): "Al-Amn Al-Siyahi ", 1. Baskı, Al-Riyadh: Naif University For Security Sciences.
  • AL-MAHBOUB, Al-Mahboub Abdulsalam (2009), “Alharaka El-Islamia El-Sudania: Dairat El-Dawo… Khout El-Zalam”, Maktabat Jazirat Elward, El-Khahira, Masr.
  • AL-MALTHAM, Tawfik Ahmef Mustafa (2010), “Istiratijeet Al*Amn El*Khawmi Li Davlat Wadi El-Nil El-Ikhlimia Mısr Wa El-Sudan”, Sharikat Matabi El-Sudan Lil Umla El-Mahduda, Khartoum, Sudan. AL-TUNISI, Mohammed Bib Fadol (2007), “El-Sudan Min El-Hiwar Ila El-Azma El-Maftoha: Siraa El-Hawiya Wa Ishaliyat El-Intima”, Dar El-Kalma Lil Nashr Wa El-Tawzie, El- Mansoura, Masr.
  • AL-QADDAL, Mohammed Said (1992), “(El-Islam Va El-Siyasa Fi El-Sudan 1651-1985)”, Dar El-Jeel Lil Nashr va El-Tıbaa, Beirut, Lebanon.
  • BALLAH, Awad El-Kareem El-Rayah (2011), “El-Awlama Wa El-Siyasa El-Kharejia El-Sudania”, Markaz Rast Lil Dirasat El-Siyasia Wa El-Istirajia. COLLINS, Robert O. (2008), “Tarikh El-Sudan El-Hadis”, El-Markaz El-Khawmi Lil Tarjama, Dar Eyn Lil Nashr, El-Iskandiriya, Cairo.
  • DOOP, Volkert Mathijs, (2013): “How To Handle Your Neighbours’ Conflict: Ethiopia’s Relationships With Sudan And South Sudan”, UNISCI Discussion Papers.
  • HASSAN, Yousif Fadol (2004), “Tarikh Min El-Dawla El-Osmaniya: Malamih Min El-Elakhat El-Turkiya El-Sudaniya”, Dar Jamiat El-Khartoum Lil-Nashr, El-Khartoum, El-Sudan.
  • HAUCK, Volker, (2017): “Understanding the International Conference on the Great Lakes Region (ICGLR): More than a Conference platform?”.
  • HAYATI, Eltayb Ahmed El-Mustafa (2001), “El-Sudan Wa Dowal El-Jiwar: Awamil El-Tanmia Wa El-Istikhrar”, Kulliyat El-Dirasat El-Takhnia Wa El-Tanmawia, Matbaat Jamiat El-Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
  • IBRAHIM, Jamal Mohammed (2020), “An El-Doblamasia El-Sudania: Risala Ila Moroj Afak”, Sudaress, (Erişim Tarihi: 01.010.2020).
  • JAHALLAH, Kamal (2020), “El-Sudan Tahdiyat Hukumat El-Marhala El-Intikhalia”, Majallat Mutabaat Afrikhia, Markaz El-Malik Faysal Lil Bohous Wa El-Dirasat El-Islamia.
  • KHALED, Jamal Mohammed (2009), “Tarad El-Munazzamat El-Insania Min Darfur… El-Hakhikha Wa El-Wakhi”, El- Mawkhi El-Illıktoroni Lil Wasat El-Akhbaria.
  • MAKKI, Hassan (1999), “El-Haraka El-Islamia Fi El-Sudan Tarikhaha Wa Khitabiha El-Siyasi 1969-1985”, Https://www.Ikhwanwiki.com,(Erişim Tarihi: 02.08.2020).
  • MALIK, Mohammed Mahjoup (1987), “El-Mokhawama El-Dakhlia Lil-Mahdia (1881-1898”, Dar El-Jeel Lil-Nashr, Beirut, Lebonan.
  • MANSOUR, Nidal Mohammed (2018), “El-Khimam El-Arabia…. Min Laat El-Khartoum Ila Tawasul Israil Ila Khaboul El-Salam”.
  • MESBAH, El-Shafi Bashir El-Shafi (2016), “Ibrahim Abboud Raid El-Tanmiya Fi El-Sudan: Sawrat Iktobar Khadia Kubra Atahaat Birais Fareed”.
  • MOHAMED, Abdulraheem Matoukh (2016), “Asar Jokhrafiyat Hood El-Nil Fi El-Alakhat Feyn Juwarihi”, Majalat Külliyat El-Tarbia, El-Adad El-Sadis, ss. 274-289.
  • MOHAMED, Fouad Shokri (1963), “Masır va El-Sudan: Tarikh Vehdat Wadi El-Nil Fi El-Kharn El-Tasi Ashr 1820-1899”, Dar Al-Maaref, Cairo.
  • MUHAMMAD, Mohammed Suliman (2006), “El-Sudan Horoup El-Mawarid Wa El- Hawia”, Dar Azza Lil-Nashr Wa Eltawzi, Khartoum, Sudan.
  • MUHAMMAD ZAIN, Mandour Osman (2008), “El-Ilam El-Khareji Wa Dawraho Fi Dam El-Amal El-Dunlomasi Fi El-Sudan”, Markaz Abu Saleem Lil Dirasat, Khartoum, Sudan.
  • MUSA, Ismail El-Haj (1992), “Mustakhbal El-Sikha El-Siyasiya Fi El-Sudan”, Dar Jamiat El-Khartoum Lil Nashr, Jamiat El-Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
  • OMAR, Salih Mohammed Ahmet (2005), “Dawr El-Sudan Fi Tahrir Ethiopia va Irca El-Imprator Hellaslase Ila Arshehe 1935-1941.
  • RIDA, Adil (1975), “El-Rihan El-Israili Ala Janoub El-Sudan”, El-Maktab El-Masrı El-Hadis Lil- Tibaa Wa El-Nashr, El-Khahira, Masr.
  • SALMAN, Mohammed Ahmed (2014), “Khamsoon Amaen Ala Sawrat Ikrobar: Keyfa Sahamat Hakomat El- Farkh Abboud Fi Takheed Khadiyat Eljanoob”. . SHANTOV, El-Tayb (1998), “El-Kharn El-Afrekhı va Shamal Afreikha: Fi Tarikh Afreikha”, UNESCO.
  • TIRAB, Abbkar Tirab (2020), “Beyn El-Dakhil Wa El-Kharej El-Sudan Wa Khadaya Amnaho El-Khawmi: Min Manzor El-Idara El-Istırajia”, Dar El-Masawarat Lil Nashr, Khartoum, Sudan.
  • TIRAB, Abbkar Tirab, (2016): ‘Çokkültürlülük ve Güvenlik: Sudan Örneği’’, Sonçağ yayınları, Ankara.
  • TOUSIN, El-Ameen Omar (1936), “Mozakkerat Lil-Marhomeyn Ameer Al-Lewa Mohammed Basha Labeeb El-Shaheed Wa Ameer Alay Ahmed Bey Rıfat An Amal Al-Jeesh Almasri Fi El-Sudan Wa Masaat El-Khroq Minho.
  • TULL, Denis, M. (2005): “Sudan After The Vaivasha Peace Agreement”, German Institute For International And Security Affairs, SWP Comment 2005/C 03, February 2005, 8 Pages.
  • ZAYINABDDIN, El-Tayb (2017), “El-Sudan Mukhrijat El-Hiwar El-Watani Wa Maalatihi”, Markaz El-Jazira Lil Dirasat.
  • ZWAN, J. van der (2011): “Evaluating the EU’s Role and Challenges in Sudan”, London: International Alert. [Google Scholar].
  • WAAL, Alex De, (2007): “Sudan: İnternational Dimensions To The State And İts Crisis”, Crisis States Research Centre, Occasional Paper No. 3, Issn 1753 3082 (Online).
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Political Science
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Tirab Abbkar Tirab

Publication Date October 21, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021Issue: 22

Cite

APA Tirab, T. A. (2021). SUDANESE FOREIGN POLICY CHALLENGES IN THE TRANSITIONAL PERIOD AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS ON NATIONAL SECURITY. Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(22), 63-96. https://doi.org/10.29029/busbed.837113