Öz
Bas karakterli bakır çalgılar ailesinin bir üyesi olan “cimbasso”, valf sisteminin bulunması ile ortaya çıkmış çalgılardandır. Kökeni, 16. yüzyılda ortaya çıkmış olan “serpent” adındaki çalgıya kadar uzanmaktadır. “S” şeklinde ahşap bir gövdeye sahip olmasına rağmen bakır çalgılar ailesinin bir üyesi olarak sınıflandırılan serpent, 18. yüzyılın sonlarına gelindiğinde yapısal olarak büyük bir değişikliğe uğramıştır. Farklı isim ve modellerde üretilen bu çalgılar askeri ve sivil bandolarda, opera ve senfoni orkestralarında aktif olarak kullanılmıştır. Her bir çalgı bir önceki modelin sorunlarını gidermeyi amaçlamış, yenilenmekte ve genişlemekte olan orkestralardaki bas seslerine çözüm odaklı üretilmişlerdir. 19. yüzyıl İtalya’sında bas karakterli bakır çalgıları tanımlamak için kullanılan cimbasso adı, Verdi’nin 1881 yılındaki girişimleri ile günümüzde sadece bir çalgıyı tanımlayan bir terime dönüşmüştür. Nitel araştırma yöntemi ile hazırlanan bu çalışmada, cimbasso olarak adlandırılan çalgıların kökenleri, yapısal özellikleri ve kullanım alanları incelenmiş, modern cimbasso çalgısının nasıl ortaya çıktığı ele alınmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Cimbasso üflemeli çalgılar bas bakır çalgılar valf sistemi 19. yüzyıl orkestra
Kaynakça
- Baines, A. (1993). Brass İnstruments Their History And Developments. Mineola. New York: Dover Publications, İnc.
- Carse, A. (1965). Musical Wind İnstrument. New York: Da Capo Press.
- Clifford, B. (1978). The Tuba Family. London: Faber.
- Costantino, A. (2010). The Ccimbasso and the Operatic Works a Guiseppe Verdi Pedogagical and Aesthectic Comparison. (Doctoral dissertation) University of Texas, Texas.
- Herbert, T., Wallace, J. (ed.). (1997). The Cambridge Companion to Brass İnstruments, New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Heyde, H. (2015). The Bass Horn and Upright Serpent in Germany Part 1: The Continental Bass Horn1. Historical brass society journal. 27, 21-40. DOI: 10.2153/0120150011002.
- Heyde, H. (2017). The Bass Horn and Upright Serpent in Germany Part 3: Bombardon and Ophicleide: Sound and Musical Use of the Bass Horn, Serpent, and Ophicleide. Historical brass society journal. 29, 13-46. DOI: 10.2153/0120170011002.
- Hostiou, V. (2005). Contribution of Acoustic in Playing Early İnstruments in Agreement With Historical Usage: The Serpent as Example. In Proc. Forum Acusticum, Budapest. 399-403. http://www.conforg.fr/acoustics2008/cdrom/data/fa2005-budapest/paper/744-0.pdf
- Mckean, J. A. (2022) Tubas, Tubists, and Composers: a Mixed-Methodological Approach to Performerand Composer-İnstrument Relationships (Doctoral dissertation). Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester.
- Meucci, R. (çev.) Waterhouse, W. (1996). The Cimbasso and Related İnstruments in 19th-Century İtaly. The Galpin Society Journal, 49, 143-179.
- Ojutkangas, K. (2020). The Ophicleide as an Orchestral Instrument: Past and Future Perspectives (Post graduate disstertation). University of the Arts Helsinki Sibelius Academy, Helsinki.
- Tracy, B. A. (1990), The Contrabass Trombone: Its Development And Use. (Doctoral dissertation). University of Illinois, Urbana-İllinois. Vienna symphonic library, https://www.vsl.info/en/academy/brass/cimbasso#range
- Yeo, D. (a), (2005). Berlioz historical brass, Serpent: Myths and Misconceptions http://www.berliozhistoricalbrass.org/serpent.htm.
- Yeo, D. (b), (2005). Some Clarity About the Cimbasso. The Brass Herald Magazine, 56-57. https://www.yeodoug.com/articles/Yeo_Brass_Herald_cimbas so_2005.pdf.
- Yeo, D. (1998). Tempted by a serpent. (https://www.yeodoug.com/articles/serpent/serpent_tempted.html.
- Wikipedia, Serpent. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serpent_(instrument)
- Wikipedia, Ophicleide, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophicleide
- Abella, O., Tuba period instruments. http://www.oscarabella.com/instruments/russian_bassoon.html
- Abella, O., Tuba period instruments. https://www.oscarabella.com/instruments/first-tubas.html.
- The Met. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/504920.
- OmniaEnglishbasshorn.https://www.omnia.ie/index.php? navigation_function=2&navigation_item=%2F09102%2F_MINIM_UK_43368&repid=1.
- The old stone fort museum, Keyed bugle. https://theoldstonefort.org/keyed-bugle/. Thein brass, cimbasso. https://thein-brass.de/en/instrument/cimbasso/.
Öz
Cimbasso, a member of the family of brass instruments with a bass character, is one of the instruments that emerged with the invention of the valve system. Its origin dates back to the instrument called “serpent”, which emerged in the 16th century. Although it has an "S"-shaped wooden body, the serpent, which is classified as a member of the brass instrument family, underwent a major structural change in the late 18th century. These instruments, produced under different names and models, were actively used in military and civilian bands, opera and symphony orchestras. Each instrument aims to solve the problems of the previous model and was produced with a focus on the bass sounds in orchestras that are being renewed and expanded. The name cimbasso, which was used to describe brass instruments with a bass character in 19th century Italy, turned into a term describing only one instrument today, with Verdi's initiatives in 1881. In this study prepared with a qualitative research method, the origins, structural features and usage areas of the instruments called cimbasso are examined and how the modern cimbasso instrument emerged is discussed.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Cimbasso wind instruments bass brass instruments valve system 19th century orchestra
Kaynakça
- Baines, A. (1993). Brass İnstruments Their History And Developments. Mineola. New York: Dover Publications, İnc.
- Carse, A. (1965). Musical Wind İnstrument. New York: Da Capo Press.
- Clifford, B. (1978). The Tuba Family. London: Faber.
- Costantino, A. (2010). The Ccimbasso and the Operatic Works a Guiseppe Verdi Pedogagical and Aesthectic Comparison. (Doctoral dissertation) University of Texas, Texas.
- Herbert, T., Wallace, J. (ed.). (1997). The Cambridge Companion to Brass İnstruments, New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Heyde, H. (2015). The Bass Horn and Upright Serpent in Germany Part 1: The Continental Bass Horn1. Historical brass society journal. 27, 21-40. DOI: 10.2153/0120150011002.
- Heyde, H. (2017). The Bass Horn and Upright Serpent in Germany Part 3: Bombardon and Ophicleide: Sound and Musical Use of the Bass Horn, Serpent, and Ophicleide. Historical brass society journal. 29, 13-46. DOI: 10.2153/0120170011002.
- Hostiou, V. (2005). Contribution of Acoustic in Playing Early İnstruments in Agreement With Historical Usage: The Serpent as Example. In Proc. Forum Acusticum, Budapest. 399-403. http://www.conforg.fr/acoustics2008/cdrom/data/fa2005-budapest/paper/744-0.pdf
- Mckean, J. A. (2022) Tubas, Tubists, and Composers: a Mixed-Methodological Approach to Performerand Composer-İnstrument Relationships (Doctoral dissertation). Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester.
- Meucci, R. (çev.) Waterhouse, W. (1996). The Cimbasso and Related İnstruments in 19th-Century İtaly. The Galpin Society Journal, 49, 143-179.
- Ojutkangas, K. (2020). The Ophicleide as an Orchestral Instrument: Past and Future Perspectives (Post graduate disstertation). University of the Arts Helsinki Sibelius Academy, Helsinki.
- Tracy, B. A. (1990), The Contrabass Trombone: Its Development And Use. (Doctoral dissertation). University of Illinois, Urbana-İllinois. Vienna symphonic library, https://www.vsl.info/en/academy/brass/cimbasso#range
- Yeo, D. (a), (2005). Berlioz historical brass, Serpent: Myths and Misconceptions http://www.berliozhistoricalbrass.org/serpent.htm.
- Yeo, D. (b), (2005). Some Clarity About the Cimbasso. The Brass Herald Magazine, 56-57. https://www.yeodoug.com/articles/Yeo_Brass_Herald_cimbas so_2005.pdf.
- Yeo, D. (1998). Tempted by a serpent. (https://www.yeodoug.com/articles/serpent/serpent_tempted.html.
- Wikipedia, Serpent. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serpent_(instrument)
- Wikipedia, Ophicleide, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophicleide
- Abella, O., Tuba period instruments. http://www.oscarabella.com/instruments/russian_bassoon.html
- Abella, O., Tuba period instruments. https://www.oscarabella.com/instruments/first-tubas.html.
- The Met. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/504920.
- OmniaEnglishbasshorn.https://www.omnia.ie/index.php? navigation_function=2&navigation_item=%2F09102%2F_MINIM_UK_43368&repid=1.
- The old stone fort museum, Keyed bugle. https://theoldstonefort.org/keyed-bugle/. Thein brass, cimbasso. https://thein-brass.de/en/instrument/cimbasso/.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Klasik Batı Müziğinde Yorumculuk |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 27 Ekim 2024 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Ekim 2024 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 12 Mayıs 2024 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 4 Eylül 2024 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2024Sayı: 28 |
